(42寸液晶电视价格)42寸液晶电视导购指南.ppt

LifeCycleAssessment AToolforEvaluatingandComparingDifferentTreatmentOptionsforPlasticWastes G Dodbiba1 K Takahashi1 T Furuyama2 J Sadaki1 T Kamo3 andT Fujita1 1 DepartmentofGeosystemEngineering TheUniversityofTokyo Japan2 DepartmentofEarthResourceEngineering KyushuUniversity Japan3 NationalInstituteofAdvanceIndustrialScienceandTechnology Japan 聚划算 Outline 1 LCAMethodology ISO14040 2 LCAofPlasticWastesfromDiscardedTVSets3 ConcludingRemarks 1 LCAMethodology ISO14040 2 LCAofPlasticWastesfromDiscardedTVSets3 ConcludingRemarks Outline ScopeofLCA toevaluateorcomparethelifecycleof products Life CycleStagesandBoundaries Source EPA 1993 Methodology LifeCycleAssessment ISO14040 Phase1 Phase2 Phase3 Phase4 Source Consoliet al 1993 AimofStudy toevaluateandcomparedifferentrecyclingoptionsforplasticwastesfromoldTVsetsincontextofLCA CompositionsofaTVSet weight Source O Murakami MitsubishiElec ADVANCE pp 6 9 2001 Source AssociationforHomeElectricalAppliancesofJapanhttp www aeha or jp assessment en english flame html ConventionalRecyclingSystemforTVsets Objective tocomparetwodifferentrecyclingoptionsforplasticwastesfromoldTVsetsincontextofLCA Option1 Incinerationofplasticsforenergyrecovery alsoknownasthermalrecycling Option2 Sortingplasticsformechanicalrecycling alsoknowasmaterialrecycling 1 LCAMethodology ISO14040 2 LCAofPlasticWastesfromDiscardedTVSets3 ConcludingRemarks Outline Phase1 Source Consoliet al 1993 Methodology LifeCycleAssessment ISO14040 a SubjectofthestudyareplasticwastesfromoldTVsets display 25 weight 30kg whichcontain b Functionalunit isdefinedas1 8millionTVsetsperyear overaperiodof10years Phase1ofLCA GoalDefinitionandScope PS 6 0wt i e 1 80kg PVC 3 5wt i e 1 05kg PE 1 0wt i e 0 30kg Specialcases 1 Energyrecovery i e c 0 2 Mechanicalrecycling i e c 100 andr 67 Life cycleofplasticsforTVsets Phase2 Source Consoliet al 1993 Methodology LifeCycleAssessment ISO14040 Thedataoftheprocesses namely werefromtheLCAdatabaseoftheJapanEnvironmentalManagementAssociationforIndustry JEMAI Phase2ofLCA Inventoryanalysisa Datacollection productionofPS productionofPVC productionofPE productionofelectricity productionofaTVset Option1 Incinerationof1kgplasticmaterial Energygenerated PS 9 604kcal kgPVC 4 300kcal kgPE 11 140kcal kgEmission 2 640gCO2 kg Source K Krekeleretal Kunstsoffe 55 10 pp 758 1965 Phase2ofLCA Inventoryanalysisa Datacollection Source MinistryofEnvironmentofJapan Guidelines 2004 PS 1050 PE 960 1stStep 2ndStep Option2 Separationofplasticwastespriortomechanicalrecycling Option2 Separationofplasticwastes bycombiningtriboelectricseparationandairtabling Energy 0 74kWh kgTriboelectricseparator0 04kWh kgAirtable0 66kWh kgSizereduction0 02kWh kgSieving0 02kWh kgRecoveryofproducts 67 Gradeofproducts 95 Phase2ofLCA Inventoryanalysisa Datacollection Phase2ofLCA Inventoryanalysisb Theoreticalcalculations Phase3 Source Consoliet al 1993 Methodology LifeCycleAssessment ISO14040 Thecategoriesoftheenvironmentalimpacts a Abioticresources ADP inkgSbeq b Globalwarming GWP inkgCO2eq Phase3ofLCA Impactassessment Phase3ofLCA Impactassessmenta DepletionofAbioticResources ADP Phase3ofLCA Impactassessmenta DepletionofAbioticResources ADP Phase3ofLCA Impactassessmentb GlobalWarmingPotential GWP Phase3ofLCA Impactassessmentb GlobalWarmingPotential GWP Phase4 Source Consoliet al 1993 Methodology LifeCycleAssessment ISO14040 Phase4ofLCA MainResultsEnvironmentalImpact Outline 1 LCAMethodology ISO14040 2 LCAofPlasticWastesfromDiscardedTVSets3 ConcludingRemarks ConcludingRemarks Theenergyrecovery option1 andthemechanicalrecycling option2 ofplasticwastesfromthediscardedTVsetswerecomparedinthecontextofLCA Theenergyrecoveryisantreatmentoptionthatgeneratedmoreenergyduetotheincinerationofplasticwastes Nevertheless thisoptionalsousesmoreresourcesandemitsalargerquantityofgreenhousegases Theseparationofplasticsformechanicalrecyclingismoreeffectivealternative becauseitconsumesfewerenergyandresources aswellashasalowerenvironmentalimpactonglobalwarming Source MatsushitaEcoTechnologyCenter METEC Availablefrominternet http panasonic co jp eco en metec tv material2 1 html ConventionalRecyclingSystemforTVsets Threealternativesarebeingconsideredwhendealingwithplasticwastes energyrecovery alsoknownasthermalrecycling i e directincinerationofplasticwastesforenergyrecoverymechanicalrecycling alsoknownasmaterialrecycling i e themethodbywhichplasticwastesarerecycledintonewresourceswithoutaffectingthebasicstructureofthematerial feedstockrecycling alsoknownaschemicalrecycling i e thetechniquethatbreakdownpolymersintotheirconstituentmonomers whichinturncanbeusedagaininrefineriesorpetrochemicalandchemicalproduction RequiredPurityofSortedPlasticsforReuse courtesyofKINKIKOGYOCo Ltd Japan Reuseofplasticsincirculatingsystemaslowgradeplastics 95 0 Reuseofplasticsincirculatingsystemasvirginplastics 99 5 Reuseofplasticsforagricultural horticulturalindustry etc 99 0 Useofplasticsasoxidantinblastfurnaces 1 0 PVCimpurity LifeCycleAssessmentFramework Source LCA ISO14040 Bond sMethod Size reduction Wi 13 81kWh tDP 2 63mmDF 5 00mm Productionof1kgPS Source JEMAI LCAOn lineDatabase Productionof1kgPVC Source JEMAI LCAOn lineDatabase Productionof1kgPE Source JEMAI LCAOn lineDatabase Productionof1kWhElectricity Source JEMAI LCAOn lineDatabase ProductionofaTVset Sources a JEMAI LCAOn lineDatabase b Murakami 2001 MatrixBofEnvironmentalinterventions Demandvector f TechnologicalMatrix A StructureofLCAmodel INPUT productflow x scalingparameter finaldemand AfterchoosingtheFINALDEMANDoftheproduct thesimplestUNITPROCESScanbewrittenasfollows OUTPUT environmentalflow x scalingparameter environmentalintervention Ref Leontief 1970 WinnerofNobelPrizein1973 Technologymatrix A Finaldemandvector f Environmentalinterventionmatrix B Inventory g Process Input Output Inventorydata Process1 Processn Linearprogramming Productflow aScalingparameter sDemand fEnvironmentalflow bEnvironmentalintervention g Heijunget al 2002 Equationscanbewrittenintermsofmatrixes Technologymatrix Finaldemandvector Scalingvector Interventionmatrix Inventoryvector Linearprogramming Matrixmanipulation Heijunget al 2002 Theoutcomeoftheinventoryanalysiswasthevectorg whichisalistofthequantitiesgiofpollutantsreleasedtotheenvironmentandtheamountofenergyandmaterialsconsumedduringthelife cycleofplasticsforTVsproduction MatrixB i e fori 1 2 n LCIResults gvector Thecategoriesoftheenvironmentalproblems Resourcedepletion AbioticdepletionADP inkgSbeq Globalwarming GWP inkgCO2eq Acidification AP inkgSO2eq kg Photo oxidantformation POCP inkgC2H4eq kg Eutrophication EP inkgPO4eq kg Humantoxicity HTP inkg1 4 DCBeq kg Phase3ofLCA Impactassessment Howtocalculatetheenvironmentalimpact TheimpactindicatorIjofeachcategorywascalculatedafteralltheenvironmentalloadsgiwithinacategorywerecharacterizedandaggregatedusingthefollowingequations ResultsofLCI gvector Characterizationfactors ki Source HandbookofLCA 2002 Normalization qindicatesthenumberoftheenvironmentalimpactcategories TheindicatorIjofeachenvironmentalimpactcategoryisdividedbyareferencevalueknownasnormalizationfactorwj World 1995 ADP 1 57 1011 kg Sbeq yr 1