本科英语毕业论文-角色扮演在中学英语教学中的应用.doc

外语学院本科英语毕业论文角色扮演在中学英语教学中的应用姓 名： 系 别： 专 业： 学 号： 指导教师： The Application of Role Play in Junior English Teaching摘 要 英语教学的主要目的是培养学生的英语交际能力，但传统的教学模式无法满足这种期望。目前的英语教学方法往往忽视学生的需要，并不能提供令人满意的条件以达到目标。尤其是在英语口语教学和阅读教学中，传统教学法是非常枯燥和低效的。在课堂上，教师应培养学生及有效地组织以学生为中心的活动，提供更多的情境模拟让学生练习英语。因此角色扮演是解决问题的有效途径，它有利于提高学生的交际能力和社交能力。本文旨在探讨角色扮演在英语教学中的应用。关键词：角色扮演；传统教学法；英语教学AbstractThe main aim of English teaching and learning is to cultivate students communicative ability in the English language, but the traditional teaching model could not meet this expectation. Current English language teaching methods often neglect students need and fail to provide satisfactory conditions to achieve the goals. Especially in oral English teaching and reading teaching, the traditional teaching methods are very boring and inefficient. In classroom, teachers should cultivate students and organize the student-centered activity effectively, providing more simulated situations for students to practice English. Therefore role play is an effective way to solve the problem. It is conductive to improve students communicative abilities and social skills. This paper aims to discuss the application of role-play in junior English teaching. Key words: role play; traditional teaching methods; English teaching and learningContents摘 要IIAbstractIIIContentsIV1Causes of role play in junior English teaching and learning11.1Current situation of English teaching and learning11.2Emphasis on Students in new curriculum standard 12Effect of role play in junior English teaching22.1 Master English language knowledge22.2Exert students principal role in learning process22.3Stimulate students interests32.4Improve students social communication ability33Application of role play in junior English teaching33.1Talking33.2Interview43.3Free role play54Influencing factors of role play in junior English teaching64.1Students64.2Teachers64.3Other influencing factors75Methods to use the role play to promote junior English teaching75.1Encourage different students cooperation and learning75.2Teachers should design the role play activity carefully75.3A appropriate role assignment is necessary in role play85.4Teachers should clarify their roles in the classroom teaching85.5Teachers should give students proper feedbacks85.6A harmonious classroom atmosphere helps to students role play96Conclusion9References1091 Causes of role play in junior English teaching and learning1.1 Current situation of English teaching and learning As everyone knows, in China, the current situation of English teaching and learning is: teachers like teaching on the platform and speaking loudly. While the students act as audiences, sitting up straight and listening to the teachers carefully, sometimes picking up their pens, and copying some important knowledge points on their books when necessary. When teachers ask questions, the students put up their hands and answer them. The students rarely speak. Sometimes the teacher asks some students come to the platform to read a dialogue or put on a play. The rest students listen to them. The class becomes a little lively. This is what the current situation of English teaching and learning is in China. In fact, teachers pay too much attention on language knowledge such as words, text and grammars. For example, in teaching a text, the teachers often read sentence by sentence, translate the sentences, explain the grammars, and then ask students write down to remember. Most of the students just listen to the teachers and say only a few words. They spend most time memorizing the language points. We can not neglect that they get high scores in the final examination. But it does not match their competence in using English. This is the so-called dumb English.11.2 Emphasis on Students in New Curriculum Standard Nowadays, as the new curriculum standard come into China from western countries. More and more teachers have realized the importance of student-centered teaching method. The student-centered classroom should replace the traditional teacher-controlled one. English teachers should try to active the classroom to stimulate students interest, strengthen their oral English ability, and promote their imagination and creation. Therefore teachers should find new teaching methods. They should be learning facilitators instead of controllers and providers. That is to say, the students should be the owner of the classes and have more time to practice by themselves. Role play is a good way to get the goal which gives the students opportunities to train the language knowledge. For example, when students learn a dialogue about greeting, teachers should divide the students into groups to play different roles instead of boring recitation. They can master the knowledge easily and improve the interest of learning English.2 Effect of role play in junior English teaching2.1 Master English language knowledgeWhen teaching, teachers can change dry knowledge into colorful activities through the role play. This makes the knowledge easier to remember. In the process of role playing, students get information and reply by communicating with their partners. Students should try to find the appropriate vocabulary and sentence patterns to express their meaning. Students not only can consolidate the knowledge points of the lesson, they can also achieve mastery through a comprehensive study of knowledge. This is the most effective way to master the language points. During the activities, on the one hand, students can exercise their thinking, speaking and listening in order to understand the knowledge deeply.2 On the other hand, students can find their shortcoming, so that they can be targeted to strengthen learning to make up the shortfall.2.2 Exert students principal role in learning processRole play emphasized student-centered teaching methods, students can give full play to their imagination and do some creative attempt in English classes. In such communication situation, students learn to explore, analysis and think actively. Not like the traditional teaching methods, students only look at the blackboard stiffly. In a manner of speaking, students give full play to their dominant roles in role play and change the traditional English classroom rigid model thoroughly.2.3 Stimulate students interestsStudents are interested in the role play by its vivid characteristics. They are willing to participate in class actively. In the process of role play, students can also express themselves through body language. So that they can overcome the monotony of language learning, and learn English in a relaxed and harmonious language environment. Role play provides students a stage to show themselves, and makes the English class full of vitality and attraction. Students who participate in role play will have a demonstration effect to other students. Their performance is the envy of other students. Then other students inspire their performance desire and then stimulate the interest of all the students in the class.2.4 Improve students social communication abilityRole play cultivates students independent learning ability. They are no longer entirely dependent on the teacher. The students involve in the role play activities actively, and make the classroom into a place for communication. Students harden their courage through communication. It helps them overcome obstacles and enhance self-confidence. And students dare to speak in public. In order to make the role play completed successfully, students need to both think independently and help each other.3 It can cultivate the students communicative ability, cooperation ability, organization skills and interpersonal skills. It can lay a foundation for a good career for students in the future.3 Application of role play in junior English teachingRole play does not just mean playing some shows. In fact it has many different areas. There are three main forms of role play: talking, interview and free role plays.43.1 Talking“Talking” refers to discussion and conversation. So talking as a form of role play helps to train students cooperation ability. It needs two or more than two students in talking. The talk is usually based on a dialogue or text in the textbooks. So students have chances to use English by the talk in class. For example, it is a dialogue about greeting from the textbook:Good morning/afternoon/evening, Lucy.Good morning/afternoon/evening, Lily.Hi, Jim.Hello, Ann.Nice to meet you.Nice to meet you, too.5About this dialogue, the teacher can greet their students firstly, and then explain what “morning” “afternoon” and “evening” are. Then the students find their partners do pair works in different situations. Through the role play activity, students can know how to greet others in English with unconsciousness by different ways in different situations.3.2 InterviewThe second main form of role play is interview. Interview helps to train the students initiative skills. There are two different meanings of the word interview. The first one is a reporter, which asks others questions in order to find out his views, the other one is a meeting, someone is asked questions to find out whether he/she is suitable, (e.g. Someone applying for a job). According to the two meanings, two main role play activities can be divided.For the first activity, we can hold a press conference which a superstar will meet with journalists. Teachers can choose one student act as the superstar stand on the stage, and the other students act as journalists. Then the journalists can ask questions and the superstar gives the answers. Students will use their imagination to give many unexpected questions and answers.The other role play activity is job interview. A situation about someone applying for a job can be designed. We need six students a group to do the group work, three of whom act as interviewees and the rest of whom act as interviewers to decide which one is best suited for the position. In the three interviewees, one is young, just out of school. One is older with some years job experience. The last one is beautiful but lack of ability. The interviewees should introduce themselves one by one and answer some questions. The teacher does not tell the students what the questions are. So the students should have a discussion in their group. At last, students will give us a result by their discussion.Interview role play is an interesting activity. Because teachers do not give students enough information. Students do it by their imagination. It is a good way to train students imagination and initiative skills.3.3 Free role playThe last and most interesting form of role play is the free role play.6 It means to make students play a show without arranging it. On the one hand, students can act according to their books. On the other hand, they can act with their thinking. The free role play activity helps to stimulate the students learning motivation and attract their interests.The first one is role play with books. Many interesting conversations and stories can be found in their books. For example, as everyone knows, fairy tales like Cinderella or Snow White are enjoyed by students. Students can be divided into some groups to act them out. They can also prepare some items to make the show perfect.The other one is role play with thinking. For this activity, teachers can give them some suggestions but not tell them how to play. Teachers can divide the students into some groups and give them some topics, such as hospital, school, family and so on. The students can choose one and design a suitable situation by discussion and imagination for free role play. Free role play is a challenge task for students. Good preparation is necessary. They should do everything by themselves. Teachers just give some suggestions. So it improves the students creativity and stimulate students learning motivation. And students must communicate with others and work together if they want to finish the show successfully.4 Influencing factors of role play in junior English teachingAlthough the role play play a positive role in promoting English teaching, how to make good use of it can not be ignored. There are three main influencing factors of role play in junior English teaching: students factors, teachers factors and other factors.7 The first step is to distinguish and deal with these problems.4.1 StudentsIn the role play, students are leading roles. The participation of students is the key to the success of role play. So students of different levels and different personalities have a great influence on the role play. In personality, students can be divided into the extroverted and introverted. Outgoing students like expressing themselves. Role play is the way they like. Introverted students may be afraid of making mistakes, and refuse to talk during the role play. Even outgoing students will control the whole activity in the role play, and the introverted students can not play their roles.4.2 TeachersTeachers are also an influencing factor in role play. There are three main aspects: the teachers individual roles, the teachers feedback in role playing, and the teachers personal charisma. Communicative teaching requires teachers to become class supervisors, advisors and observers. In role playing, teachers should offer students clear instructions, then students will understand what to do and how to do it. A good feedback helps to promote students to be better. Excessive criticism and ignoring errors are not desirable. Too much criticism make students lose confidence and blow their enthusiasm. Mistakes are inevitable in English learning. Ignoring students errors are not conductive to the students English learning progress. The teachers personal charisma is one of the factors. Many students like English because their teacher has a strong attraction to them.4.3 Other influencing factorsTraditional teaching methods have a negative impact on role playing. Traditional classes emphasize on grammar and ignore the use of language in communication. The students are accustomed to the traditional teaching methods. They are afraid of the new classes which focus on language use and communication. The classroom atmosphere is also an influencing factor. A tense atmosphere will affect the students performance. For example, the uncorrect use of English, forgetting words and so on.5 Methods to use the role play to promote junior English teaching5.1 Encourage different students cooperation and learningAppropriate level gaps can promote students to learn from each other. Junior English teachers should encourage outstanding students cooperate with students who have difficulty in learning. And should also encourage poor students join to the outstanding students bravely to help each other. Students are equal in cooperation. Every student has some advantages and disadvantages. They should learn from each others advantages and abandon the disadvantages. Teachers should advocate the cooperative learning without discrimination.5.2 Teachers should design the role play activity carefully“Interest is the best teacher.” When teachers design role play activities, the first problem they should consider is students interests. The content should be novel enough to attract the students. Teachers should give priority to the topics which students willing to share and are interested in. Secondly, content should be closely associated with students English level, not too difficult and not too easy. Different degrees of role playing can be used interchangeably. The content should be about the students and the related social life. Role playing is based on the students life experience rather than the unreal future. This means that students should have a certain understanding to the subject and the situation of role play. Time can be set according to students ability and performance.5.3 A appropriate role assignment is necessary in role playStudents are the main body and one of the most important factors in the activity. In a general way, students who have similar characters should be divided into the same group to cooperate and communicate well. If students of different levels are grouped together. the gap among them should not be too large. In the role assignment, students can choose their partners by themselves, but the teacher should give a suggestion if it is not reasonable.5.4 Teachers should clarify their roles in the classroom teachingCommunicative classroom teaching emphasizes the teacher is no longer a controller of the class, but a supervisor and a mentor. In role play, teachers should not interfere in the studentsdeeds too much. Teachers main tasks are to maintain discipline, observe instructions, and give instructions and feedbacks. As a supervisor, the teacher should organize activities and maintain discipline well. As an observer, the teacher should observe students performance carefully. As a mentor, the teacher should give students reasonable suggestions.5.5 Teachers should give students proper feedbacksFeedback can be either teachers opinions in the process of role play or their summative evaluation after the role play. Teachers should not only pay attention to students advantages, but also their disadvantages. Especially the lack of communication ability. Role playing is to cultivate students communicative competence. In the process of feedback, teachers should focus on students language fluency, but not just the accuracy of the language.8 Students should be encouraged to express emotion with fluent language. T