Part III Reading Comprehension.docx

试题解析：本文讲述了1957年发现的一种新的流感病毒亚洲流感以及它的传播过程。 In 1957 a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influenza is sometimes called “flu” or a “bad cold”. He took samples from the throats of patients in his hospitalandwas able to find the virus (病毒) of this influenza. There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are type A and B, each of them having several subgroups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus in group A, but he did not know the subgroup. Then he reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization(WHO)in Geneva. WHO published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 1520% of the population had become ill. As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, doctors began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself with very high speed, the virus had grown more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs against all the known subgroups of virus type A. None of them gave any protection. This, then, was something new, a new influenza virus, against which the people of the world had no help whatever. Having found the virus they were working with, the two doctors now dropped it into the noses of some specially selected animals, which get influenza much as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments proved that the new virus was easy to catch, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like the general public, call it simply Asian flu. The first discovery of the virus, however, was made in China before the disease had appeared in other countries. Various reports showed that the influenza outbreak started in China, probably in February of 1957. By the middle of March it had spread all over China. The virus was found by Chinese doctors early in March. But China was then not a member of WHO and therefore didnt report the disease to it. Not until two months later, when the virus spread to Singapore, did the news of the outbreak reach the rest of the world. By this time it was started on its way around the world.56.As the doctor in Singapore found the disease, he _.A) reported the outbreak to WHO B) found the subgroup of the virusC) was keen on naming the diseaseD) set his patients apart from others答案：A解析：第二段倒数第二句指出，医生向位于日内瓦的世界卫生组织报告。所以B正确。57.The truth about the virus in this passage was that it _.A) had been stored in a fridgeB) could reproduce with high speed C) was a derivation from othersD) was a weak type答案：B解析：根据第三段第二句：They found that by reproducing itself with very high speed.可知，C为正确答案。第三段第五句指出，这是一个新的流感病毒，并不是衍生出来的，故B不正确。58.Which statement is TRUE about the influenza according to the passage?A) Animals were alert to this disease.B) There were no effective drugs for it. C) It could only be spread among children.D) It had been identified many years before.答案：B解析：第三段第四句指出，没有一种药物可以防御它，故C正确。倒数第四句指出，动物和人类一样容易感染流感，故D错误。59.According to the experiment on animals, we can find that _.A) there was no significant sign of the fluB) the flu was serious but not deadly C) the flu was easy to cause death to animalsD) the flu has a more serious effect on animals答案：B解析：第三段倒数第二句和第三句指出这种流感是有症状的，但不会致死。所以D正确。60.It can be inferred that the first measure for WHO to track a disease such as influenza is to _.A) train more highly skillful expertsB) set apart adequate time to study the factC) set up an efficient reporting service D) cooperate with every doctor well答案：C解析：题目为WHO通过怎样的措施来追踪例如流感这样的疾病。根据最后一段内容，此次流感是从中国开始的，但因为中国当时不是WHO的成员国，故没有上报疾病的爆发。后传到新加坡，才由新加坡报告到WHO的。所以WHO了解疾病爆发及传播的主要途径就是：建立一个有效的上报机构以便成员国上报具体情况。所以A正确。试题解析：本文主要讲述了金钱与幸福的关系一个人完全没有金钱固然不行，但有了金钱也不能保证得到幸福。本文还进一步挖掘了幸福与社会经济状况之间的关系，指出所谓的“美国矛盾”，即物质财富充裕和精神匮乏之间的矛盾。 Does money buy happiness? Not! Ah, but would a little more money make us a little happier? Many of us smirk (傻笑，假笑) and nod. There is, we believe, some connection between fiscal fitness and emotional fulfillment. Three in four American collegians (大学生) now consider it very important or essential that they become very well off financially. Money matters. But a surprising fact of life is that in countries where nearly everyone can afford lifes necessities, increasing affluence matters surprisingly little. The correlation between income and happiness is surprisingly weak, observed University of Michigan researcher Ronald Inglehart in one 16-nation study of 170,000 people. Once comfortable, more money provides diminishing returns. The second piece of pie, or the second $100,000, never tastes as good as the first. Even lottery winners and the Forbes 100 wealthiest Americans have expressed only slightly greater happiness than the average American. Making it big brings temporary joy. But in the long run wealth is like health: its utter absence can breed misery, but having it doesnt guarantee happiness. Happiness seems less a matter of getting what we want than of wanting what we have. Has our happiness floated upward with the rising economic tide? Are we happier today than in 1940s, when two out of five homes lacked a shower or tub? Actually, we are not. Since 1957, the number of Americans who say they are very happy has declined from 35 to 32 percent. Meanwhile, the divorce rate has doubled, the teen suicide rate has nearly tripled (使成三倍), the violent crime rate has nearly quadrupled (使成四倍) (even after the recent decline), and more people than ever (especially teens and young adults) are depressed. This soaring wealth and shrinking spirit is called the American paradox. More than ever, we have big houses and broken homes, high incomes and low morale, secured rights and diminished civility. We excel at making a living but often fail at making a life. We celebrate our prosperity but yearn for a purpose. We cherish our freedoms but long for connection. In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger.61.Which of the following statements best expresses the authors view?A) In the long run, happiness grows with economy.B) The more money we earn, the happier we would be.C) The more money we earn, the diminished returns we have.D) In the long run, money cannot guarantee happiness. 答案：D解析：A项与C项明显错误。B项只是第二段在举例证明时提出的观点，这句话的意思是“幸福感还是随着金钱的增加而增长，只是增加量在减少。”这并不是文章的主旨，是为了论证“长期来看，金钱不能保证幸福”。因此D正确。62.The second $100,000 never tastes as good as the first, because _.A) it is not so important as the first $100,000B) its not so fresh as the first $100,000C) profit brought by it is less than that from the first $100,000D) happiness brought by it is less than that from the first $100,000 答案：D解析：该句是用非常形象的说法解释了前一句话Once comfortable, more money provides diminishing returns ，即，“第二张饼不如第一张香，第二次获得10 万美元不如第一次那样开心。”经济学术语diminishing returns 的含义是“收益递减”，但在文中是指“幸福感递减”。因此，A项、B项和C项不对，只有D项为正确答案。63.In this passage, the American paradox probably means _ (Para. 4).A) the American characteristicB) the American contradiction C) the American wonderD) the American phenomenon答案：B解析：paradox意为“矛盾”。该词汇出现的前后均有提示，用的都是并列的两个概念形成对比。第四段的第一句实际上就是对paradox的解释soaring wealth and shrinking spirit，其后的几句话也是对这一说法的具体阐述。故选B项。64.The example of what happened after 1957 is given to illustrate that _.A) young people are not happy about their lifeB) peoples spiritual needs cannot be fulfilled by wealth C) social crimes have increased by a large marginD) family problems become more and more serious答案：B解析：第三段可以分为两个层次，前三句构成设问句为第一层，后面两句为第二层。第二层主要起到承上启下的作用：通过列数字、举事例来说明第一层的观点，同时进一步转入到第四段。因此，文中列举出的1957 年以后的事例都是想要说明随着经济的发展，人们并没有为此而增加幸福感，相反，幸福感还会减少。接下来的第四段第一句话，实际上是对第三段第二层的总结。B项对应the divorce rate，C项对应violent crime rate，D项对应teen suicide rate ，这些都只是对现象的单方面归纳，而非结论。A项则是综合性的结论。65.According to the passage, people excel at making a living but _.A) dont know how to spend moneyB) dont have any aim or idealC) dont have any contact with other peopleD) dont know how to enjoy life 答案：D解析：文中最后一段说，我们善于谋生，但却往往不会营造生活。根据上下文，并列的两个相对概念中，前者为积极的方面，后者则是消极的方面。A项aim or ideal 对应的是purpose，C项contact with other people 对应的是connection，D项无对应内容，只有B项对应的是making a living，故选B项。文章主要讲述的是作者在国外教学的经历和对国外教学的看法。作者主要把自己在英国教学和在泰国教学的经历做了对比。通过对比，作者总结出几点经验：第一，学校管理层应该更加重视教师职业的发展；第二，激发学生们的学习动力对他们而言更有裨益；第三，如果一个人想恢复对教育热情可以尝试去国外作教师。 Imagine working at a school where you rarely have to use your disciplinary skills, and the students are motivated to succeed and lead well-rounded lives by participating in sporting and creative activities. Even better, imagine a parent-teacher conference where the parents respect you and your professional development is of concern to the schools administration. These are the benefits I have attained from my move into an international teaching career. Prior to securing my position as an international teacher in Thailand, I worked for over three years in England. While I enjoyed my time there and learned a lot from my colleagues, there were parts of the job I didnt like. Thats one of the reasons I now teach at an international school. When I was teaching in England, I often found that I had spent much of my time on discipline. However, as an international educator, I dont have even a quarter of the discipline issues I had when I was teaching in England. Its not because I teach less students; I still teach classes of 23 to 25 students. The reason I spend less time on discipline is because teaching is a respected profession in Thailand and therefore teachers are treated very well by the whole community. Here in Thailand, the majority of students are motivated to succeed academically. The whole school has a culture of rewarding success. This is in part because we are in Thailand, but it is also an integral (不可缺少的) component of the educational philosophy in the International Baccalaureate Organizations (IBO) curriculum. In the UK I was constantly giving of myself to keep my students motivated and believing that they could achieve well if they put in the effort. After a while this became draining. Now I can concentrate onteaching and opening my students eyes to the wider world because they are so motivated to learn. If you are not feeling the passion for education that originally inspired you to become a teacher, perhaps you should be looking at moving overseas. An additional benefit is that the salary is better than I was getting in the United Kingdom as well!56.In Thailand, the author seldom has to use disciplinary skills because _.A) the students would not like the author to use disciplinary skillsB) the author is not good at using disciplinary skillsC) the students are self-conscious and teachers are respected D) the author has less students to deal with答案：C解析：文章分别在两个段落中明确提到作者在学校很少惩罚学生的原因。第一段开头部分提到，可以想象：在一个很少用惩罚性方法的学校工作，学生们都以成功为目的，而且通过参加运动和有创造性的活动来丰富生活（.students are motivated to succeed and lead well-rounded lives by participating in sporting and creative activities）；文章第三段中提到我在校规方面花很少时间是因为在泰国，教育是一种受尊重的职业，因此全社会都对教师非常好（The reason I spend less time on discipline is because teaching is a respected profession in Thailand and therefore teachers are treated very well by the whole community），由此可以分析出，正是学生的自觉性和教师受到尊重这两个原因，所以选C。57.Which of the following is NOT parts of the job I didnt like (Para. 2)?A) Consuming much time on discipline.B) Learning from the authors colleagues. C) Trying in vain to motivate the students.D) Losing the passion for teaching.答案：B解析：文章第二段中提到在那儿的时光我很高兴，而且从同事们那里也学到了很多东西，不过也有我不喜欢的方面（While I enjoyed my time there and learned a lot from my colleagues, there were.），由此可以看出，作者“不喜欢的方面”并不包括从同事们那里学到很多东西。所以选C。58.The following are the authors benefits of working in Thailand EXCEPT _.A) concentrating on what to doB) developing professionallyC) earning more moneyD) feeling secured working in Thailand 答案：D解析：文章分别在三个段落中提到在泰国工作的好处。其中第一段提到学校的管理事务中涉及到了职业的发展（.and your professional development is of concern to the schools administration）；第四段中提到“现在我可以集中精力来教学”（Now I can concentrate on teaching and.）；第五段中提到另外一个好处就是薪水也比作者在英国时的多（An additional benefit is that the salary is better than I was getting in the United Kingdom as well），由此可以分析出，在泰国作教师的好处就在于以上三个方面，不包括选项D，所以选D。59.According to the passage, whats the authors attitude towards teaching overseas?A) Its much better to teach in Thailand than any other overseas countries.B) If one needs to regain passion for teaching, then its recommended. C) There is no clue about the authors attitude towards this matter.D) Its a recommended way to open ones eyes and deliver knowledge.答案：B解析：文章第五段开头部分提到，如果你感觉不到那种最初促使你成为一名教师的对教育的热忱的话，或许你应该去国外（If you are not feeling the passion for education that originally inspired you to become a teacher, perhaps you should be looking at moving overseas），由此可以看出，作者认为如果一个人想要重获对教育的热忱，可以去国外作教师，所以选C。60.What can be inferred from this passage?A) The author usually had more classes in the United Kingdom.B) The author thinks keeping students motivated to learn brings more benefits to them. C) The author also regards British students as motivated ones.D) The author doesnt like the United Kingdom at all.答案：B解析：考生回答此问题需要从整体上理解文章。文章第一段中提到一所很少使用惩罚性校规的学校，学生们都以成功为目的，而且通过参加运动和有创造性的活动来丰富生活；文章第四段中提到我现在可以集中精力教学，为学生们面向更广阔的世界打开视野，因为学生们也被激发出学习的动力，由此可以看出，作者认为激发出学生们的学习动力对他们更有好处，所以选D。试题解析：文章讲述了亚洲人口老龄化的现象。在未来的50年里，亚洲人口老龄化的现象会继续加剧，仅南亚和东亚就占有世界老龄人口数量的一半，这些皆可归因于医疗和公共卫生事业的大力发展。但是，亚洲人民的生活质量还有待提高。而相比较而言，西方国家各方面的发展则比较均衡，因此，亚洲国家需要制定新的策略来发展和完善与人口相适应的各项服务。 Asias population is growing old. All across Asia, the number of people aged 65 and above is expected to grow dramatically over the next 50 years. For the region as a whole, the population in this age group will increase by 314%from 207 million in 2000 to 857 million in 2050. Surveys commissioned by the United Nations also indicate that by the early half of the 21st century, South and East Asia will have almost half the worlds elderly people. The aging of Asia is essentially a story of success. But advances in medicine and public health over the past two decades have far outstripped (超过) theprogress on other fronts. If Asia continues moving down the path of Western-style industrial development with its urban expansion, radical policy adjustments will be essential to maintain a sense of balance. What has long been one of the societys primary goalslong life for its peopleis rapidly becoming one of its major problems. Having learned to postpone death, the region must now address itself to the quality of life of the survivors. A series of recent studies reflect the view that Asiais about to age too early. Some Western societies had smaller populations, which grew during the industrial revolution, concurrent (一致的) with advances in health, education and welfare, which to a great extent eased the problems posed by the growing numbers and increasing age of the population. But some Asian nations have had to search for strategies to improve these same services. The result has been a separated, sectoral (部门的) approach which has focused on medicine and public health while leaving education, housing, consumer goods production, income distribution and institutional modernization aside. However, balanced improvements in all these areas are essential if some guarantee of a decent existence is to be provided to the growing people now considered fortunate to be able to reflect on their youth.61.There are more old people in Asia today because _.A) its medicine and public health have been improved B) its industrialization has been sped upC) Asia is an old continentD) there has been Western-style industrial development答案：A解析：文章第三段开头部分提到亚洲的老龄化本质上是一种成功，但是在过去的二十多年中，医药和公共卫生的进步远远超过了其他方面的进步（The aging of Asia is essentially a story of success. But advances in medicine and public health over the past two decades have far outstripped the progress on other fronts），由此可以推断出，亚洲老龄化主要应该归因于医药和公共卫生条件的改善，所以选C。62.In the authors view, Asia now needs to _.A) improve the general standards of living B) increase its rate of urbanizationC) stop people from getting so oldD) change attitudes towards old age答案：A解析：文章第四段中提到，已经学会延缓人们死亡的亚洲国家，现在应该致力于人民的生活质量的改善（Having learned to postpone death, the region must now address itself to the quality of life of the survivors），由此可以看出，作者认为亚洲国家现在需要提高人民生活的整体水平，所以选D。63.It can be learned that some Western countries _.A) learned solutions from elsewhereB) rejected the problem of old ageC) experienced the same problem in the pastD) developed in a more balanced way 答案：D解析：文章第五段提到，一些西方国家拥有很少的人口，在工业革命时期，人口的增长与医疗卫生、教育和社会福利的进步是相一致的（Some Western societies had smaller populations, which grew during the industrial revolution, concurrent with advances in health, education and welfare.），由此可以推断出，一些西方国家各方面的发展更加均衡，所以选B。64.According to the passage, some Asian countries _.A) have been able to afford to buy most solutions they wanted from elsewhereB) have made unwise decisions on the approach to improving services C) have imported solutions from other countriesD) have guaranteed a comfortable old age life to their citizens答案：B解析：文章第六段开头部分提到，但是一些亚洲国家已经不得不寻找策略来完善相应的服务（But some Asian nations have had to search for strategies to improve these same services），由此可以看出，有些亚洲国家在完善相应的服务中曾经做出过不明智的抉择，现在不得不寻找策略来完善相应的服务，所以选A。65.The author claims that to be old in Asia is now considered _.A) expensiveB) healthyC) a curseD) lucky 答案：D解析：文章第六段的结尾处提到现在上岁数的人被认为是幸运的（. to be provided to the growing people now considered fortun