专业英语1-5.doc

1. Metals and Their UseVocabulary:engineering 7endVi5niEriN 工程学metal 5metl 金属element 5elimEnt 元素alloy 5AlCi 合金iron 5aiEn 铁carbon 5kB:bEn 碳ferrous 5ferEs 含铁的nonferrous 5nCn5ferEs 不含铁的copper 5kCpE 铜aluminum E5lju:minEm 铝lead li:d 铅zinc ziNk 锌tin tin 锡property 5prCpEti 性质pure pjuE 纯的plasticity plAs5tisiti 塑性ore C: 矿石mineral 5minErEl 矿物impurity im5pjuEriti 杂质metallurgy me5tAlEdVi 冶金construction kEn5strQkFEn 结构combine kEm5bain 结合strength streNW 强度hardness 5hB:dnis 硬度etc = et cetra 等等, 及其他atom 5AtEm 原子ion 5aiEn 离子malleable 5mAliEbl 有延展性的, 可锻的gallium 5AliEm 镓cesium 5si:zjEm 铯mercury 5mE:kjuri 水银, 汞rubidium ru:5bidiEm 铷charge tFB:dV 充电metallic mi5tAlik 金属(性)的account for 说明Appending:1. Melting GalliumGallium metal has a melting point of 30C, which is lower than our body temperature. In this photo, a sample of gallium melts in a persons hand. Gallium, mercury, cesium, and rubidium are the only metal elements that melt near room temperature.2. SilverSilver, a typical metal, consists of a regular array of silver atoms that have each lost an electron to form a silver ion. The negatively charged electrons distribute themselves throughout the entire piece of metal and form nondirectional bonds between the positive silver ions. This arrangement, known as metallic bonding, accounts for the characteristic properties of metals: they are good electrical conductors because the electrons are free to move from one place to another, and they are malleable because the positive ions are held together by nondirectional forces. A force applied to a malleable substance shifts the positions of the atoms without 2. Plastics and Other MaterialsVocabulary:plastic 5plAstik 塑料preferable 5prefErEbl 更好的traditional trE5diFEnl 传统的material mE5tiEriEl 原料comparison kEm5pArisn 比较corrode kE5rEud 腐蚀inorganic 7inC:5Anik 无机的sulphuric sQl5fjuErik 硫磺的 hydrochloric 7haidrEu5klC:rik 盐酸的solvent 5sClvEnt 溶解的tetrachloride 7tetrE5klC:raid 四氯化物rigid 5ridVid 钢硬的deform di:5fC:m 变形specific gravity 比重readily 5redili 容易地conduct 5kCndQkt 传导electricity ilek5trisiti 电shape Feip 成形plasticity plAs5tisiti 塑性temperature 5tempritFE 温度mold mEuld 模子laborious lE5bC:riEs 费力的assembly E5sembli 装配exploit iks5plCit 开发entirely in5taiEli 完全地valve vAlv 阀decoration 7dekE5reiFEn 装饰spare spZE 备用的surgery 5sE:dVEri 外科adapt E5dApt 改制due to 由于technique tek5ni:k 技术fabricate 5fAbrikeit 制作injection molding 注塑法blow molding 吹塑法compression molding 压塑法 extrusion eks5tru:VEn 挤压vacuum forming 真空成形thermoplastic 7WE:mE5plAstik 热塑性塑料calender 5kAlindE 以压光机压光pellet 5pelit 小球drape dreip 遮盖thermosetting 7WE:mEu5setiN 热硬化性的laminate 5lAmineit 碾压，层压matrix 5meitriks 基板tube 5tju:b 管, 管子fuse fju:z 熔合melt melt (使)融化, (使)熔化, 使软化inflate in5fleit 使膨胀, 使充气Appending1. How Thermoplastics are FormedThermoplastics are plastics that can be hardened and melted more than once. In the calendering process, continuous plastic sheets are formed by forcing hot plastic between successive sets of heated rollers. Injection molding uses a screw to push plastic through a heated tube into a mold. Extrusion is a continuous process that heats plastic pellets in a long barrel. A screw pushes the heated plastic through a die opening to form objects such as garden hose and piping. In thermoforming, a hot plastic sheet is draped over a mold and a vacuum draws the plastic down into the mold. Blow molding forms containers from soft, hollow plastic tubes that have a mold fitted around the outside. The tube is heated, and air injected into the heated tube expands the plastic against the walls of the mold.2. How Thermosetting Plastics are FormedThermosetting plastics are plastics that cannot be remelted once they have hardened. Compression molding forms thermosetting plastic objects in a steel mold. When heat and pressure are applied, the softened plastic squeezes into all parts of the mold to form the desired shape.Laminating binds layers of materials together in a plastic matrix. The layers are fused when heated plates melt the plastic and squeeze the material together.3. Blow Film ExtrusionA process known as blow film extrusion uses an industrial blower to expand a hot plastic tube into a light, strong plastic bag. The air inflates the plastic tube like a balloon, until a bag with the desired shape, size, and wall thickness is formed. 3. Casting and Die-Casting AlloysVocabulary:cast 5kB:st 铸造(过程)casting 5kB:stiN 铸件die-casting 模铸principle 5prinsEpl 原则foundry 5faundri 铸造(技术)pour pC: 灌注fraction 5frAkFEn 小部分composition kCmpE5ziFEn 成分suitability 9sjU:tEbilEti 适宜性intricate 5intrikit 复杂的pig iron 生铁furnace 5fE:nis 熔炉cupola 5kju:pElE 化铁炉ladle 5leidl 杓子graphite 5rAfait 石磨stick stik 粘住solidify sE5lidifai 凝固ingot 5iNEt 锭铁classify 5klAsifai 分类resist ri5zist 抵制relatively 5relEtivli 相关地magnesium mA5ni:zjEm 镁maintenance 5meintinEns 维护erosion i5rEuVEn 腐蚀checking 5tFekiN 裂纹destructive dis5trQktiv 破坏性的die dai 模mold mEuld 模retard ri5tB:d 阻碍govern 5QvEn 控制hollow 5hClEu 中空的erosive i5rEusiv 腐蚀性的disjoin dis5dVCin 拆散solvent 5sClvEnt 溶解的respective ris5pektiv 分别的pronounced p5naunst 显著的seldom 5seldEm 很少whereas wZEr5Az 然而copper-base alloy 铜基合金coke kEuk 焦炭limestone 5laimstEun 石灰石strong steel高强度钢flask flB:sk 砂箱secure si5kjuE 紧闭bloom blu:m 块钢slab slAb 厚平板white-hot白热的continue kEn5tinju: 延伸mill 5mil 轧压soaking pit 均热炉wind waind 缠绕coil kCil 卷Appending1. Steel ProductionMolten pig iron is poured into a basic oxygen furnace for conversion to steel. Steel is a form of iron produced from iron ore, coke, and limestone in furnace. Excess carbon and other impurities are removed to make a strong steel.2. Pipe CastingFounding is a process of producing metal castings. Figure 1 shows the pipe to be produced. The pattern for this casting is shown in figure 2. Figure 3 shows the top and bottom of the wooden flask in which the mold is made. Molding sand is packed around the pattern, as shown in figure 4. In figure 5, a core has been placed within the mold. When the other half of the mold is secured, the mold is ready for pouring.3. Hot Rolling and Continuous CastingContinuous casting is a method of working steel that conveys steel from its molten state to blooms, ingots, or slabs. The white-hot metal is poured into open-ended molds and continued on through rollers cooled by water. A series of guide rollers further shapes the steel into the desired form. However, hot rolling is still the primary means of milling steel. This process begins with pre-shaped steel slabs, which are reheated in a soaking pit. The steel passes through a series of mills: the blooming mill, the roughing mill, and the finishing mill, which make it progressively thinner. Finally, the steel is wound into coils and transported elsewhere for further processinVocabulary:forging 5fC:dViN 锻造blow blEu 突然的打击press pres 压力机squeeze skwi:z 压榨deform di:5fC:m 变形impact 5impAkt 撞击section 5sekFEn 截面vertical 5vE:tikEl 垂直的closed impression die 封闭式型腔模具strike straik 打击cavity 5kAviti 腔block blCk 坯料drop forging 落锤锻mechanically mi5kAnikEli 机械地hydraulically hai5drC:likli 液压地capacity kE5pAsiti 能力ram rAm 锤头perform pE5fC:m 完成maximum 5mAksimEm 最大的mount maunt 安装individual 7indi5vidjuEl 个别的draft drB:ft 拔模斜度complicated 5kCmplikeitid 复杂的extrude eks5tru:d 挤压成transmit trAnz5mit 传输foundation faun5deiFEn 基座symmetrical si5metrikEl 对称的tolerance 5tClErEns 公差irregular i5rejulE 不规则的sizing operation 精加工roughly 5rQfli 粗糙的desire di5zaiE 希望dimension di5menFEn 尺寸roll 5rEul 轧制furnace 5fE:nis 炉子indicate 5indikeit 指示pyrometer 7paiE5rCmitE 高温计exact i5zAkt 精确的brass brB:s 黄铜hammer 5hAmE 落锤close klEuz 接近的overheat 7EuvE5hi:t 过热judge dVQdV 判断anvil 5Anvil 铁砧crucial 5kru:FEl 至关紧要的Appending1. Blacksmith at WorkSometimes called smithing, or blacksmithing, hand forging is the simplest form of forging and it is one of the methods by which metal was first worked. The metal to be forged is first heated to red heat in the fire of a forge, and then is beaten into shape on a metal anvil with hammers.2. Red-hot Steel Steel structural components glow in a temperature of thousands of degrees in a furnace. Intense heat is crucial in the metallurgy of iron and steel, since these metals can be more easily worked by processes such as hammering, rolling, and so on, when they are hot.An ingot, red-hot and malleable from the high temperature of the soaking pit, is lifted out of the furnace for further processing. As the steel is worked and reheated, it becomes stronger.5. Soldering and WeldingVocabulary:article 5B:tikl 物品particle 5pB:tikl 微粒soldering 5sCldEriN 软焊, 锡焊, 低温焊接solder 5sCldE 焊料melting point 熔点light articles of steel 薄钢件bismuth 5bizmEW 铋cadmium 5kAdmiEm 镉brass brB:s 黄铜braze breiz 铜焊rivete 5rivit 铆定weld weld 焊接；焊缝adopt E5dCpt 采用permanent 5pE:mEnEnt 永久的flame fleim 火焰thoroughly 5WQrEli 彻底的oxidation Cksi5deiFEn 氧化film film 薄膜oxide 5Cksaid 氧化物flux flQks 焊剂employ im5plCi 使用fusion 5fju:VEn 熔化oxy-acetylene CksiE5setili:n 氧乙炔的torch tC:tF 火炬electrode i5lektrEJd 电极metallic mi5tAlik 金属的insulate 5insjuleit 绝缘filler 5fi