福建省南安六中高考英语语法 动词的时态和语态（一）导学案.doc

动词的时态和语态(一)注：带*号的内容高职的同学不要求掌握。考纲内容课标要求学习重点一般现在时掌握一般现在时的用法，并能在真实语境中正确使用，掌握主动语态表达被动意义的情况。表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。表示客观事实、普遍真理、格言等。代替一般将来时。一般过去时掌握一般过去时的用法，并能在真实语境中正确使用，掌握主动语态表达被动意义的情况。表示过去的习惯、过去经常或一次性发生的动作或存在的状态。描述过去时间内连续发生的动作。一般将来时掌握一般将来时的用法。will/shall+动词原形表示不含主观因素，单纯的将来。be going to do表示按计划、安排将要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。be to do表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事情或即将发生的动作。be about to表示不久之后或即将发生的动作。命题分析高考对动词的时态和语态的考查主要涉及10种时态，即：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时，考查在具体的语境中对各种时态的使用。自主复习检测1.he often (take) a walk after supper in the park.答案：takes2.i (be not) at home last night.答案：wasnt3.we (go) shopping tomorrow.would you like to go with us?答案：will go课堂学习优化 一般现在时1.定义：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。2.基本结构s+do/does+.表示经常性、习惯性动作和现在的状态、特征，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。典例(2013陕西高考)on monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.以练促记1.i often_(play) football after school.2.it seldom_(rain)here.3.he _(go)to school at 6 every morning. 归纳常见的表示频度的时间状语有：_表示客观真理、客观存在、科学事实、名言警句等。不受时态限制典例 i learned that the earth goes around the sun when i was in primary school. 以练促记1. time and tide_(wait)for no man.2.summer_(follow)spring. 3.light_(travel)faster than sound .表示主语的特征、性格和能力。典例 although a famous scientists, yuan longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.以练促记1.he can_(speak) five foreign languages.2.changjiang river_(be) one of the longest rivers in the world. 在时间、条件和让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来动作。典例(2014重庆高考)anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. 以练促记1. if we_(sit)near the front of the bus, well have a better view. 2.if you_(take) the job, they will talk with you in greater details.3.ill tell him the news when he_(come)back. 表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。典例the flight takes off at 2:30 every wednesday and friday.归纳限于少数动词有：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。 以练促记when does the bus start?it_(start) in 10 minutes.一般过去时1.定义：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。2.基本结构s+did+.表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。典例 we had a test yesterday and i failed it.以练促记1.they (be)here only a few minutes ago.2.i (come)home just now.3.he (be)late for school again today.4.mr. smith (buy)a new car yesterday.特殊句型1：its time that did/was/were典例(北师大英语选修八课文)as a society,its high time that we took these issues more seriously.以练促记1.its time that you (start) thinking about your future.2.its about time the council (do)something about all the stray dogs in town.特殊句型2：was/were about to do . when .典例i was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.以练促记they were about to eat out when it_(rain).表示过去时间内经常或习惯性的动作或状态。典例they never drank wine.以练促记every morning i_(take)a walk when i was in the countryside.有时过去时态只表示委婉的语气。典例i wondered if you could help me.以练促记i wish i (know)his name. 注意能这样有的动词主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少数动词。表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。典例(2013新课标全国卷)i didnt realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.以练促记i_(do not)expect to meet you here. 注意表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时, know, think, expect等动词常用一般过去时。一般将来时1.定义：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。2.基本结构will/shall+动词原形shall / will + 动词原形这种表示动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是“纯粹的将来动作”。表示将来的打算或计划，有时表示临时的安排。will有时候表示“意愿”。典例i shall / will not be free tomorrow.以练促记1.he (arrive)here this evening.2.ive forgotten to post the letter for you.well, in that case, i (post) it myself.be going to do典例a) he is going to spend his holidays in london . who is going to speak first? b) it is going to rain soon . is he going to collect any data for us? 归纳这种表示方法主要是说明 a）“说话人的意图、打算”；b）“某种可能性”。以练促记1. it is going to_(rain), as the clouds are gathering in the sky.2.my sisters going to_(have)a baby this summer. be to do典例she is to play juliet.you are to make the necessary changes. 归纳“be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、倾向或必须、义务等以练促记翻译句子，并感受其含义。1.the police surrounded the building and said: “no one is to go out.2.a meeting is to be held at 3：00 oclock this afternoon.be about to 典例the package is about to come unwrapped. 归纳“be about to + 不定式”：表示即将发生的动作，有“即将”的意思，但不能和具体的时间状语连用。可以和并列连词when连用。以练