（江苏专用）高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained讲义 牛津译林版必修2.doc

unit 1 tales of the unexplained话题词汇1.mystery n.谜2.puzzling/strange/weird adj.奇怪的3.witness v.见证4.give an explanation解释5.result in/lead to导致6.by accident碰巧经典语篇某论坛开设了一个主题为“tales of the unexplained”的专区。请你根据以下信息，写一篇150词左右的短文，发表在论坛上。名称：报时怪石位置：澳大利亚中部的沙漠高度：348米现象：能够有规律地改变颜色，早上为棕色；中午为灰蓝色(dusty blue)；下午为红色。注意：可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。佳作欣赏have you ever heard of a rock which can tell time? there is one with the height of 348 meters. the rock just lies in a desert in the middle of australia.its color can alter regularly in a day，and it makes people puzzled about it. its brown after sunrise in the morning.interestingly，it turns dusty blue at noon. however，in the afternoon，its weird that red will appear on its surface.scientists have been studying this amazing phenomenon for long but nobody has been able to explain how this happens. in the future，perhaps scientists can find out the exact reason.思维发散1.将第句用分词结构连成一句there is one rock with the height of 348 meters，lying in a desert in the middle of australia.2.用主语从句改写第句what makes people puzzled is that its color can alter regularly in a day.3.用强调句型改写第句，强调at nooninterestingly，it is at noon that it turns dusty blue.4.仿照第句用现在完成进行时翻译句子雨已经连着下了三天了。it has been raining for three days on end.重点单词a.写作单词1.occur (vi.)发生2.villager (n.)村民3.laughter (n.)笑声，笑4.exist (vi.)存在existence (n.)存在5.evidence (n.)证据evident (adj.)明显的6.examine (vt.)检查examination (n.)考试；检查7.amazing (adj.)令人惊奇(惊叹的)amazed (adj.)吃惊的amaze (vt.)使惊奇，使惊诧amazement (n.)惊奇；惊愕8.length (n.)长度lengthen (v.)加长；使延长long (adj.)长的9.assume (vt.)假定；认为assumption (n.)假定，假设10.injury (n.)伤害injure (vt.)伤害，损害injured (adj.)受伤的；受损害的11.disagree (vi.)不同意disagreement (n.)分歧，争论，意见不一agree (v.)同意，赞成b.阅读单词12.dismiss (vt.)不予考虑；解雇；解散13.appropriate (adj.)适当的14.unexplained (adj.)无法解释的，神秘的15.creature (n.)动物；(具备某种特征的)人16.humour (n.)幽默humorous (adj.)幽默的17.convince (vt.)使确信，使相信convincing (adj.)令人信服的convinced (adj.)坚信，确信18.survive (vi.& vt.)生存，幸存；挺过(难关)；比活(或存在)的时间长survival (n.)幸存，存活survivor (n.)幸存者19.disappear (vi.)消失；失踪disappearance (n.)消失；失踪appear (vi.)出现，显现；似乎appearance (n.)出现；外观，外貌20.organize(organise) (vt.)组织，筹备；安排，处理organized (adj.)有组织的，系统的organizer (n.)组织者，安排者organization (n.)组织；机构21.statement (n.)陈述；声明state (vt.)陈述；声明；(n.)状态.重点短语1.due to由于，因为 2.show up 出现，现身3.look into调查；检查4.step up加紧，加强，促进5.take charge of负责，掌管6.make up编造，捏造，杜撰；构成7.belong to属于8.make ones way to前往，到去.经典句式1.witnesses also say they saw justin walking towards his house at 10：45 p.m.目击者也说，当晚10点45分他们看见贾斯廷朝自己家的方向走去。2.standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤的怪物，个个都长着又大又黑的眼睛。3.when asked about the possibility that justin was taken by aliens，detective sam peterson.当被问及贾斯廷被外星人带走的可能性时，侦探萨姆彼得森4.the yeti is said to be a large，hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用双脚行走。1应试指导puzzled 与puzzling的辨析(1)be puzzled about对迷惑(2)puzzle n.谜；疑问；v.迷惑；使困惑be in a puzzle不知如何是好puzzle over/about苦思冥想(3)puzzling adj.令人困惑的(1)this morning，when i was walking on the street，i saw that two travelers were reading a map，looking puzzled.今天早晨，当我在街上走的时候，我看到两个旅行者正在看一份地图，看上去很困惑。(2)people are puzzled about the situation in thailand.人们对泰国的局势感到迷茫。(3)people have long puzzled over how the egyptians moved such huge rocks.and theres no obvious answer.人们一直不知道埃及人怎样移动那些巨大的石头的，而且也没有明显的答案。(2015四川)多维训练用puzzle的适当形式填空(1)why she should have said that puzzled him.(2)his letter poses a number of puzzling questions.(3)henry was puzzled about the figures for hours without knowing anything about it.2应试指导assuming，suppose，supposing，provided，providing，given等用作连词引导条件状语从句(1)assume sb./sth.to be.认为某人(事)assuming (that).假设(引导条件状语从句)it is assumed that.人们认为(2)assumption n.假定；设想；承担；掌握on the assumption that.假定(1)scientists assume there is no life on mars.科学家们认为火星上没有生命。(2)lets assume him to be late for the meeting.what will happen then? 让我们假设他开会迟到，那会发生什么呢？(3)it is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，压力系工作过重所致。(4)the assumption that the war would end quickly proved wrong.认为战争会迅速结束的看法被证明是错误的。多维训练(1)同义句改写if there wasnt the hard work of the dustman，can you imagine what our environment will be like？(用assuming和can you imagine作插入语改写)assuming (that) there wasnt the hard work of the dustman，what can you imagine our environment will be like?people assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.(用it作形式主语改写)it is assumed that what one does has little effect on the environment.(2)what will you do on the that you cant beat him in the first round of the match?a.assumption b.situationc.condition d.expectation答案a解析考查名词辨析。句意为：假定你在第一轮比赛中打不赢他，你将怎么办呢？on the assumption that假定，符合句意。3应试指导写作高级句型：its evident that.(1)evident adj.明显的；明白的be evident to sb.对某人来说很明显its evident that.很明显(2)evidently adv.明显地，显而易见地(1)there is a lot of evidence that stress is partly responsible for disease.有很多证据证明压力是造成疾病的原因之一。(2)anything you say may be taken down and used as evidence against you.你说的每句话都可以被记录下来用作指控你的证据。(3)jim said there was no clear evidence that they meant to cheat investors.吉米说没有明显的证据表明他们故意欺骗投资者。多维训练(1)完成句子没有任何证据表明他有罪。there is no evidence that he is guilty.大家很清楚他错了。it is evident that he is wrong.(2)the scientists have not found that there is any of life on other planets.a.distinction b.evidencec.exam d.example答案b解析考查名词辨析。句意为：科学家还没有发现任何有关其他星球上存在生命的证据。所以选择b。4base n.基地；大本营；底部；基础；vt.以为基础 应试指导过去分词(短语)作状语的用法(1)base.on/upon把建立在的基础上be based on/upon以为基础/依据(2)on the basis of在基础上；以为根据on a daily/regular.basis每天/定期地(3)basic adj.基本的，基础的(1)he formed his theory on the basis of practice.他以实践为基础形成了他的理论。(2)he based his conclusion on the evidence given by the prisoner.他根据囚犯提供的证据得出了自己的结论。(3)you have to measure the blood pressure on a daily basis.你必须每天量血压。多维训练(1)同义句改写the restaurant is based on trust，and it is working all right.based on trust，the restaurant is working all right.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)the restaurant，which is based on trust，is working all right./the restaurant，which is working all night，is based on trust.(用定语从句改写)(2) an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.a.based b.basingc.base d.to base答案b解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：如果把一个重要决定更多的建立在情感上而不是理智上，你迟早会后悔的。所以选择b。5(1)exist on靠生存；靠生活there exists/existed有，某地有(2)existence n.存在；生活，生活方式come into existence/being产生；成立；开始存在be in existence存在(1)we cannot exist without air，food and water.没有空气、食物和水我们就不能生存。(2)there exist great possibilities of success for a young man in life.对一个年轻人来说成功的可能性是很大的。(3)do you know when this kind of robot came into existence? 你知道这种机器人什么时候问世的吗？(4)according to some philosophers，everything in existence is reasonable.某些哲学家认为，存在的事物都是合理的。多维训练(1)完成句子地震中受困的人们靠水生存了好几天。the people trapped in the earthquake existed on the water for several days.有一个解决现存的地理问题的好办法。there exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.(2)the custom of arranged marriages still in many countries.a.appears b.livesc.exists d.lies答案c解析考查动词辨析。句意为：在许多国家仍然存在着包办婚姻的风俗。所以选择c。6(1)win/get/receive an award for因而获奖(2)award sb.sth.award sth.to sb.授予某人某物(1)he was nominated for the best actor award.他获得最佳男演员奖提名。(2)the prize is awarded annually.该奖每年颁发一次。(3)she won an award for her outstanding performance.她凭借杰出的表现获得了奖励。词义辨析award，prize，reward(1)award指奖状或其他表彰物，以示授予者的称誉、感谢或鼓励。(2)prize指赢得比赛所获得的奖金或有价值的东西。(3)reward指悬赏或谢意。多维训练(1)用award，prize，reward填空he gave the boy a reward of one pound for bringing back the lost dog.if you won that prize，how would you spend the money?as an award for your excellent service，i present you on behalf of the company with a gold watch.(2)一句多译他们授予约翰一等奖。they awarded john the first prize.(award sb.sth.)they awarded the first prize to john.(award sth.to sb.)(3)martin luther king jr.was the nobel peace prize of 1964 for advocating nonviolence policy in the movement for civil rights.a.awarded b.offeredc.rewarded d.received答案a解析句意为：马丁路德金因为在民权运动中主张采取非暴力政策而被授予1964年诺贝尔和平奖。reward指“给予报酬”或“奖赏”；award指因成绩或贡献由政府或社团给予奖励。7应试指导“动词sb.of”类语境词义辨析(1)convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事be convinced of/that.相信(2)convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的(1)an engineer named ellis chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.一个名叫ellis chesbrough的工程师使这座城市相信除了在地面上修建管道然后用土将管道盖住之外别无它法。(2015湖南)(2)i soon convinced him of my innocence.我很快便让他相信了我是清白的。(3)how did you convince him to believe what you said？你是怎样说服他相信你说的话的。(4)what he said sounds very convincing.他的话听起来很有说服力。多维训练(1)用convince的适当形式填空i am convinced of his guilt.this last argument is the most convincing to me.mr.holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead.(2015陕西)(2)i dont believe what you said，but if you can prove it，you may be able to me.(2014江西，29)a.convince b.informc.guarantee d.refuse答案a解析考查动词词义辨析。句意为：我不相信你说的话，但是如果你能证明你所说的，也许你就能使我信服。convince使相信，使信服，符合句意。inform通知；guarantee保证，担保；refuse拒绝。8survive on靠存活下来a survive(s) ba比b活得长survive sth.幸免于；从中活过来(1)there are concerns that the refugees may not survive the winter.有人担心这些难民活不过冬天。(2)just eight passengers survived the plane crash.在这次飞机失事中仅有8名乘客幸免于难。特别提醒(1)survive本身已表示“幸存；幸免于”，因而不要加多余的in或from。(2)survive意为“比多活多长时间”时，用“a survive(s) b by时间”结构表示。多维训练(1)用适当的介词填空mr.white survived his wife by 9 years.many of the peasants survive on tiny plots of corn and beans.(2)单句改错this drug can help people survive from heart attacks.去掉fromplants，like other creatures，survive in water and air.inon9应试指导step相关短语的用法(1)step forward走上前来，跨前一步step back(由于吃惊)后退一步step into 踏进(2)step by step 一步步地out of step步伐不一致take steps to do sth.采取措施做某事(1)i hope you try to get them to step up production.我希望你尽力让他们加紧生产。(2)i stepped forward when my name was called out.听到叫我的名字时，我向前迈了一步。(3)we should enrich our knowledge step by step.我们应当逐步地丰富我们的知识。(4)this type of training is out of step with changes in the industry.这种培训和该行业的变化不同步。多维训练(1)我们应该采取措施阻止战争。we should take steps to prevent war.(2)他们的工资已大大提高。their salaries have been stepped up a lot.(3)这些问题应该逐步解决。these problems should be solved step by step.10(1)show.around带参观show sb.in/out领某人进来/出去show off炫耀，卖弄(2)be on show在展出(1)we were waiting for him all the afternoon but he failed to show up.我们整个下午都在等他，可是他没有来。(2)boys tends to show off their sports skills to girls.那些男孩总想在女孩面前显摆他们的运动技巧。(3)you will be shown around our newlybuilt dormitory building.有人将带你们参观新建的宿舍大楼。多维训练(1)用适当的介、副词填空we were hoping for a full team today but only five players showed up.he likes to show off his wealth，even to total strangers.these photographs are on show at the museum until october.first of all，you are supposed to show the visitors in and then out.(2)poor as she was，she was eager for attention.thus，she had to think of borrowing some jewels to at the party.a.show up b.show outc.show in d.show off答案d解析第二句句意为：因此，她想借一些珠宝在晚会上炫耀。show off炫耀，符合句意。11make up 编造，杜撰；组成；化妆；补上；凑数；和好；占 make up for弥补；补偿be made up of由组成(构成)be made of/from由制成be made into把制成be made out of由制成make it获得成功；约定时间make out看清；分清；辨认清楚(1)women officers make up 13 percent of the police force.女警占警力的13%。(2)insects are made up of tens of thousands of proteins.昆虫由数万种蛋白质构成。(3)id like to ride a bike to travel all over the country，but i still doubt whether i can make it.我想骑自行车游遍全国，但是我还是怀疑我能否做到。多维训练(1)写出下列句中make up的汉语意思north africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.组成；构成i think its very unkind of you to make up stories about him.编造she spent too much time making herself up.化妆can i leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？补上why dont you make up with her and forget all about your quarrel？和好(2)用适当的介、副词填空the wine is made from grapes.waste products from factories can be made into roadbuilding material.the fence is made of iron.she was a strange sort of person；i couldnt make her out.we must work hard now to make up for the lost time.the committee is made up of representatives of every state.12应试指导look短语语境词义辨析look down on/upon蔑视；轻视；瞧不起look on.as.把看作look out (for)注意；留神look through浏览；仔细查看look up to尊敬；仰视look up查阅(1)a working party has been set up to look into the problem.已成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。(2) no wonder aliens look down on us!外星人瞧不起我们并不奇怪！(3)they all looked on him as a member of their family.他们都把他看作自家人。(4)if there are words you do not understand，look them up in a dictionary.有生词就查词典。多维训练短语填空(1)youre a popular girl，grace，and a lot of the younger ones look up to you.(2)he happened to be looking through the medical book grays anatomy at the time.(3)look out for thieves when you stay there.(4)it should also look into the possibilities of windgenerated electricity.13应试指导作为高级词汇替换go to sp.feel ones way摸索着前进lose ones way迷路fight/push ones way推/挤着前进wind ones way蜿蜒前进force ones way挤出去make way for给让路；让位于give way妥协，让步；让路(1)we made our way directly to the recreation room.我们直接向娱乐室走去。(2)the policeman billy forced his way through the crowd，shouting “stand aside！” 警察比利强行挤过人群，喊着“让开！”多维训练用上述短语的的适当形式填空(1)there was no light，so we had to feel our way in the dark.(2)she gradually fought/pushed her way to the top of the company.(3)try and force your way through the crowd.(4)the bus is winding its way up the mountain.(5)its very easy to lose your way in a strange city.(6)since neither of them gave way，they came to no agreement.(7)we stepped aside to make way for the car so that it could pass easily.14多维训练(1)完成句子他是一起可怕凶杀案的目击者。he is a witness to a terrible murder.这些画证明了画家的创造力。these paintings gave witness to the painters creativity.近几年中国已经见证了一系列重大变化。china has witnessed a series of great changes in the past few years.(2)people like taking photos because photos are the of youth and history and can remind us of many happy scenes.a.witness b.guidancec.evidence d.approval答案a解析句意为：人们喜欢照相因为照片是青春和历史的见证，它可以让我们回忆起很多美好的情景。witness见证，符合句意。15特别提醒表示“某人突然想起”的短语：sth.occurs to/strikes/hits sb.sb.hits/strikes (on) es into ones mindit occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that.多维训练(1)一句多译我突然想起了一个主意。an idea occurred to/struck/hit me.an idea came into my mind.i hit/struck on an idea.(2)it suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.a.whether b.wherec.which d.that答案d解析考查it occurs to sb.that.句型。it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。所以选择d。16多维训练(1)完成句子李华获得了出国的机会，现在正坐在飞机上和其他乘客愉快地交谈着。li hua，who has the chance to go abroad is on board and talking happily with other people aboard.该上船了。its time to get aboard.(2)they went the ship just before it started to leave.a.aboard b.boardc.aboard on d.board on答案a解析go aboard the ship或go on board the ship是固定用法，意为“上船”。17多维训练(1)用适当的介词填空frankly speaking，i have little money in reserve.she told me all about it without reserve.i reserve my favorable comments for my former monitor.(2)完成句子你需要提前订票吗？do you have to reserve tickets in advance? 我保留做出决定的权利。i reserve the right to make my own decisions.我想预定两个位子。id like to make a reservation for a table for two.(3)these seats are for special guests.a.preserved b.reservedc.reversed d.occupied答案b解析此处考查reserve sth.for.的被动形式。reserve储备或预定为将来特殊情况使用，如reserve a seat (room)“预订一个席位(房间)”，此时与order相同；preserve强调“收藏，保存”，其目的是使之完好无损、质量不变。18多维训练(1)翻译句子努力学习，增强你的实力。study hard and build up your strength.这是一个融入社会提高能力的机会。(2015福建)its an opportunity to be social and improve your strength.(2)to make members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their and weaknesses.a.strengths b.benefitsc.techniques d.values答案a解析strength此处意为“长处，优势”，根据句意“为了使体育队的成员在比赛中取得更好的成绩，教练首先要了解队员的强项和薄弱的地方”可判断出选a。19多维训练(1)完成句子上个月她因病没来上课。she missed her class due to illness last month.史密斯教授定于明天上午8点给我们演讲。professor smith is due to give us a lecture at 8 tomorrow morning.他考上大学是因为他的勤奋努力。he entered the university due to his great effort.(2)the bus was due to at 5 p.m.，but it arrived one hour late due to by the heavy fog.a.arrive；be held upb.arrive；being held upc.arriving；be held upd.having arrived；having been held up答案b解析考查due的用法。句意为：汽车应该下午5点到达，但是由于被大雾耽搁，晚点一小时。所以选择b。20特别提醒belong to无被动语态，无进行时，后接名词的普通格或代词宾格。多维训练(1)用belong的适当形式填空the book belonging to him is on the desk.he was identified only by his uniform and personal belongings.(2)you may not understand what they have done，because they a younger generation.a.belong to b.are belonged to c.are belonging to d.will be belonged to答案a解析考查belong to的用法。句意为：你们可能不理解他们的做法，因为他们属于年轻一代。所以选择a。21when asked about the possibility that justin was taken by aliens，detective sam peterson.当被问及贾斯廷被外星人带走的可能性时，侦探萨姆彼得森(1)when asked.相当于when he was asked.。当状语从句的主语同主句的主语一致或主语是it，且从句中含有动词be时，可以省略状语从句的主语和动词be。(2)掌握下列短语：if any如果有的话；if so如果是这样的话；if ever如果曾经有的话；if not如果不这样的话(1)i have proved that friendship can help while in a different country.我已经证明当你处在一个不同的国家时，友谊会对你有所帮助。(2)when necessary，well help him solve the problem.如果必要的话，我们会帮助他解决这个问题。(3)online shopping，when properly done，can