重庆市渝中区高考英语阅读理解一轮选练（11）.doc

重庆市渝中区2016高考英语阅读理解一轮选练（11）【2015高考复习】阅读理解what happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball？that question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players，and some anxiety among those of us with soccerplaying children.for the study，researchers at the albert einstein college of medicine in new york selected 34 adults，men and women.all of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed yearround in adult soccer leagues.each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year，as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (脑震荡) in the past.then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned，using a complicated new mri technique which can find structural changes in the brain that cant be seen during most scans. according to the data they presented at a radiological society of north america meeting last month，the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory，attention and the processing of visual information，compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.this pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic (外伤的) brain injury”，like that after a serious concussion，the researchers reported，even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.the players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them，forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.语篇解读：研究表明，经常用头顶球会对大脑的内部构造造成严重影响，进而影响人的记忆力、注意力以及对视觉信息的处理能力。 1the passage is most probably a_.anews report bresearch reportcstory for soccer playersdtext for doctors解析推理判断题。根据第二段开头部分中的内容可推知，本文是一篇研究报告。答案b2from the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have_.asignificant effect on ones brainblittle effect on ones braincnothing to do with the brain injurydones memory improved解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains”可推知，频繁地用头顶球对大脑有显著的影响。答案a3what is likely to be the cause of memory loss?aplaying soccer frequently.btests of their memory.cwhite matter loss.dinformation processing.解析细节理解题。结合第四段中的“loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory”以及下一段的开头部分可知，记忆力的丧失可能与大脑中的白色物质缺失有关。答案c4the underlined word “fumbling” is closest in meaning to_.aremembering bmisunderstandingcrecalling dmissing解析词义猜测题。结合画线词前面的“worse at recalling lists of words”和“forgetting”可推知，fumbling与missing的意思最相近。答案d阅读理解。last nights meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.according to gabe rothschild, emerald valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.what they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“my family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident duane cosby.“we wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades.they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.they call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.there is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs，snakes，etc.for example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的)birds.according to the international darksky association，“100 million birds a year throughout north america die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”countless more animal casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.they worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.emerald valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.for years, flagstaff, arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the lowell observatory.similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.41it happened last night that _a. the citys lights affected the meteor watchingbthe meteors flew past before being noticedcthe city light show attracted many peopledthe meteor watching ended up a social outing 42what do the astronomers complain about?ameteor showers occur less often than before.btheir observation equipment is in poor repair.clight pollution has remained unsolved for years.dtheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.43what is the author concerned about according to paragraph 4?a. birds may take other migration paths.banimals living habits may change suddenly.cvarieties of animals will become sharply reduced.danimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.44lighting regulations in flagstaff, arizona are put into effect to_alessen the chance of getting cancerbcreate an ideal observation conditioncensure citizens a good sleep at nightdenable all creatures to live in harmony45what message does the author most want to give us?asaving wildlife is saving ourselves.bgreat efforts should be made to save energy.chuman activities should be environmentally friendly.dnew equipment should be introduced for space study.【要点综述】 本文是一篇科普文。主要介绍了城市的光污染对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。在flagstaff，arizona已经采取了灯光管理措施。 41a 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的灯光太亮，影响了人们观看流星。故选a。42c细节理解题。根据第三段“have been complaining about this problem for decades. they say that light pollution prevents them from”可知，天文学家多年来一直在抱怨光污染问题未解决。故选c。43d推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句“ that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc.”以及本段最后一句“ 100 million birds a year throughout die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”可知，第四段作者主要叙述的是动物也受到了光污染的影响，甚至它们的生存也受到了影响。故选d。44b推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at”可知，这条规定是为了给天文学家的工作创造理想的观察条件。故选b。45c主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染对生活、工作以及动物造成的影响，因此作者在文中呼吁我们人类的活动应该对环境有利。故选c。阅读理解-ewe live in a very competitive world. everybody seems to be competing with someone at some level. each week we spend hours playing or watching others compete in sporting activities all over the world. we cannot help being impressed by the level of excellence that these people achieve.in sport and business, competition encourages excellence in performance. where there is no competition, improvement in performance is less likely. some level of competition is a have-to in all aspects of life.the following story makes this point.as two friends are hiking in the forest they come across a huge, ferocious and obviously hungry bear. its next meal has just come into sight, and they are it! the first friend calculates that the bear will catch them in 27.3 seconds. at that point, she panics, realizing there is no escape. she faces her friend, with the fear of death in her eyes. to her amazement, she observes that her friend is not scared at all. on the contrary, her friend is quickly but calmly taking off her hiking boots and putting on running shoes. “what do you think youre doing?”the first hiker says to her companion. “youll never be able to run faster than that bear”. “thats true,” says the companion,“but all i have to do is escape, faster than you.”we all compete when the motivation is strong enough. however, competition is not the real purpose of life. fulfilling the measure of our creation can only be achieved individually.most of time, we are not in competition with any other person, so we do not have to compare ourselves with others. there is only one person that can fulfill our role and that is us. this means that others cannot beat us to the finish line because there is no race. this is not to say that others do not have a similar role to us, but it is never the same. this is important to understand if we are going to enjoy life. every human being is unique and cannot be cloned. in this, i am not referring to the body, only to the spirit, soul, or the essence of a person.72. the first 4 paragraphs tell us that competition . a. is necessary though harmful b. only exists in sports and business c. is unavoidable and beneficial d. is a fight against oneself73. why is the story of two friends told in the passage? a. to advise friends to be loyal even in competition. b. to expose the weak side of friendship when tested. c. to support the authors own argument on competition. d. to persuade people to beat others, even friends. 【答案】c【解析】由第2段作者提出他对竞争的观点，第三段the following story makes this point.可知讲故事是为了证明自己的观点，故c为正确答案。【考点定位】考查作者写作意图题。74. from the last two paragraphs we learn that . a. competition plays an important role in social development b. we dont have to compete since we are all different c. we have to beat others in order to survive d. there is more to life than just competition75. as a whole the passage advises the readers to . a. realize we are living in a world of competition b. face competition in a balanced state of mind c. have a strong sense of being a possible winner d. value friendship however fierce competition may be阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。are you tired of looking for love in all the usual places? nowadays, millions of lonely singles are going online instead. the world wide web is quickly becoming the worlds most popular matchmaker. with so many singles online, dozens of dating sites like yahoo personals and match. com are helping singles find that special someone. around the world, from america to china, love is now very much online. singles are flocking to the internet mainly because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant partner. using dating sites is quick and convenient. they can “meet” a lot more people online than they could by hanging out at a club. besides , many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them from one bad experience to another and are ready to try something else. they also appreciate the first distance of online dating, which allows them to hide themselves until they are ready to meet someone face to face. dating sites also make it easy to avoid someone you are not interested in. in the real world, however, ignoring someone you dont like can be awkward. despite all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. people arent always who they claim to be in their online profiles. for instance, someone who tells you he is “handsome, successful and single”might turn out to be homely, unemployed and married. safety is another concern. you are just as likely to find a criminal online as you are mr or miss right. even so, supporters of online dating see things in a positive way. in their opinion, singles can safely play the online dating game with a little common sense. online dating experts recommend following a few safety tips: guard your personal information. never give out your personal information online. this includes your