新编大学英语3课后答案2.doc

Unit 5 Language(P212)Post Reading Reading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the Text1) Para.1 Introduction: the most important day in her life2) Para. 2-3 Her feelings before her teacher arrived.3) Para. 4 The first encounter with the teacher.4) Para. 5-9 How she discovered words.A. Para. 5 Her initial success in learning: She leaned the spelling of a few words.B. Para. 6 The difficulties encountered in learning the meaning of words and her reaction.C. Para. 7-8 Her new sight that everything had a name and each gave birth to a new thought.D. Para. 9 Her feelings and her outlook on life before she fell asleep that night after her trip to the well-house.2. Understanding Specific Information(1) I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. (l 23)A. What do the two lives refer to? The two lives she led before and after the teacher came.B. What does it refer to? The day when her teacher came to her.C. What is the immeasurable contrast? Before the teacher came, she lived in a still, dark world in which there was no strong sentiment or tenderness. From that day on, she began to learn not only language but also gained a new sight for life. (2) On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. (l5)Why did Helen consider March 3, 1887 an eventful day? Because the day marked a turning point in her life. On that day, the teacher came to her to reveal all things to her, including love.(3) when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line(l1315)A. White and dark are opposite in meaning. Then what does white darkness mean?It refers to a feeling of being lost, like a ship at sea almost incapable of finding her way in a white fog without sunshine.B. What does her refer to? The ship.(4) I was like that ship before my education began (l16) Read para. 2&3. How did Helen feel before her education began?She felt tense and anxious, waiting for something to happen with a beating heart.(5) and tried to make me understand that “d-o-l-l” applied to both. (l35)What does both refer to? Both the new doll and the big rag doll.(6) Miss Sullivan had tried to impress it upon me that “m-u-g” is mug and that “w-a-t-e-r” is water, but I persisted in confounding the two. (l3638)What does the two refer to? The words and the real objects.(7) and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me. (l52)What is the mystery of language?Words are the names of things./Everything has a name.(8) That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free! (l54)What does that living word mean?It suddenly dawned on Helen that the word “water” referred to the wonderful cool some thing flowing over her hand and the word itself became alive.(9) word that were to make the world blossom for me, “like Aarons rod, with flowers”. (l6465)Why did Helen compare words like “mother”, “father”, etc. to “Aarons rod”? Because the love from the people these words -mother, father, sister and teacher- stood for could work wonders for Helen, just like “Aarons rod”.3. “How I Discovered Words” When Helen Kellers Feelingsshe stood on the porch, waiting for the teacher to comeInterestedpleasant and proudThe teacher tried time and again to teach her the connection between words and thingsShe felt the fragments of the broken doll at her feetPleasant/happyShe finally discovered the mystery of language in the well-houseShe tried vainly to put the broken doll togetherSample: On the afternoon of the 3rd of March, 1887, before the teacher came, Helen Keller felt dumb and expectant, hoping for something that would open up her world. The first thing her teacher gave her was a doll and then she spelled the “d-o-l-l” in Helen” hand. When Helen Keller finally succeeded in making the letters for doll, she felt pleasant and proud. But when her teacher tried to help her make the connection between words and objects, she became impatient. Helen Keller expressed her dislike by dashing the doll on the floor. At that point, she felt keenly delighted. When she realized that her teacher was taking her out into the sunshine, Helen Keller was very happy. In the wellhouse, she discovered that “w-a-t-e-r” meant the wonderful cool something that was running through her fingers. The mystery of language was finally revealed to her. And she became excited and was eager to learn. When she returned to the house and tried vainly to put the broken doll back together, she felt sad and repentant. At the close of the day, when she was lying in her crib, she felt joyful and hopeful.4. Group DiscussionSample: HelenOrdinary PeopleLearn by touching, feelingLearn by imitating the shapeStart by spellingLearn by seeing , hearingLearn by imitating the soundStart by speaking aloudVocabulary Practice1Section A 1) A 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) B 7) C 8) C 9) A 10) ASection B 1) The soldiers _ the attack after stopping for a little while. renewed2) The rules of safe driving _ to everyone. apply3) Its no use being sorry if you _ in doing it. persist4) The cold winter was _ by a stormy spring. succeeded5) I cant just _ everything to receive casual visitors. drop6) The details of the policy have not been _ yet. revealed7) The sight of the Great Wall filled me with _. wonder8) It was on Sunday that Davis felt his loneliness most _. keenly9) He hunted _ through his pockets for a piece of paper. vainly10) Father _ on me the value of hard work. impressed2. 1) It is known to all that children, unlike adults, apply rules _. (conscious) unconsciously2) The _ crowd in the streets waited for the queen to pass. (expect) expectant3) The birthday party and the movie have made this a(n) _ night. (event) eventful4) China is a market of _ potential. (measure) immeasurable5) Children learn by _. (imitate) imitation/imitating6) Language is something living and _ changing. (continue) continually7) She treated the poor girl with _. (tender) tenderness8) She was getting very _ at having to wait so long. (patient) impatient Translation1. Seeing all the people walking to and fro outside the office, I became more worried.2. He will see who is his true friend in time.3. That scientists experiment gave birth to a new drug.4. He had been shut In by illness for much of the winter.5. They would practice speaking English at the first opportunity.6. Everything she valued/treasured might be swept away overnight7. All the students are busy preparing for the finals towards the close of the term.8. They longed for green trees and open spaces.Part Four Writing and Translation(P 239)2. Translation PracticeFrom English into Chinese1) 他钦佩布朗太太，这使我感到很惊奇。2) 暴风雨持续了一整天；就在这段时间里船破裂了。3) 虽然那个学生在做实验前已仔细阅读过实验说明，但由于他生搬硬套。未能得到满意的结果。4) 我知道萨拉会将那个好消息告诉她姐姐的，而她姐姐又很可能将它告诉她的同学。5) 史密斯先生很有教学经验，他将在春天来和我们一起工作。6) 邮递员早晨6点30分来。这个时候我通常还在睡大觉呢。Unit 6 Man and AnimalsVocabulary (P254)3. 1) survive 2) conflicts 3) available 4) likely 5) injuring 6) absorbed 7) competition 8) instinct 9) hesitated 10) similar4. 1) ensure 2) population 3) characteristic 4) exhibit 5) defense 6) familiar 7) territory 8) case 9) minute 10) aggressive Translation (P256)1) She always behaves badly when her aunt comes to visit.2) If it hadnt been for your help, we wouldnt have been able to finish the task in time.3) I warned him off going to the east coast because it was full of tourists.4) The fact that something is cheap doesnt necessarily mean its of low quality.5) Without anyone to turn to for help, making an appropriate choice can be difficult.7) Only if Peter goes to the evening party will she go.8) I can only compare the experience to a nightmare.Writing and Translation 2. Translation practice (P279)主语从句1） 这种理论的核心是：我们的环境同我们的本能、性格特征和行为，即使有什么联系的话，也是微不足道的。2）遗憾的是，我们的呼吁没有得到响应。3）众所周知，肺癌至少部分是由于吸烟过多引起的。4）现在把话题转到一个月以前发生的惨案上，这是很自然的事。5）那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一副手套。宾语从句1）他想再次提醒大家，决定这件事的不止他一个人，还有其他许多人。2）他们想要说明，为什么我们有某些特征并表现出某些行为。3）在这场争论中，赞成“天性”的那些人认为：我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由生物因素所决定的。4）伽利略最光辉是业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，证实了行星围绕太阳而不是围绕地球旋转。Unit 7III. Post-ReadingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the TextA. Two things that I was dissatisfied with (Para.1-3) 1.My job 2.My engagementB. Purpose of my trip (Para.4-6) 3. To transform myself C. Process for change (Para.7-14) 4. I created a mindset that made me ready for change. 5. I insulated myself from the usual influences in my life and the people whose approval was most important. 6. I structured my time in order to produce change and growth. 7. I pushed myself to experiment with new ways of being. 8. I made public commitments of what I intended to do, so it would be harder to back down. 9. I processed my experiences systematically. 10. I made changes when I returned that continued the transformation that started while I was in Aruba.D. Conclusion (Para.15) 11. I would continue going on transformative trips to keep my growth in the future.2. Retelling the Process for Change“The writer was determined and ready to make changes. First, he made a point of getting away* from familiar situations and people that he wanted to impress. Next, he organized his days so that he could do activities that helped him change and develop. After that, he made an effort to try new ways of doing things. Then, he announced publicly what he planned to do so that it would be difficult for him to break his promises. Later, he analyzed his experiences in a logical way. When he returned, he changed things in his life so that he would continue the process that began while he was away. The process for change was a success.”*make a point of doing something: be certain that one does something, usually in an obvious way. e.g. From then on he made a point of avoiding her.3. Understanding Specific Information1) C 2) C 3) D 4) A 5) C 6) A 7) C 8) D 9) B 10) A4. Questions for Group DiscussionSamples1) I think its interesting and effective. Any change in scenery or surroundings can be beneficial. Yet it is too expensive, too self-centered and too time-consuming. Isolating oneself from ones friends and family doesnt seem to be the best way for transformation to take place. Anyway, one has to get back to their friends and family who are important for their life and happiness.2) Other possible ways to make changes:- to do new and different things (sports, reading, painting);- to do things to help other people;- to look for a new job;- to find a new hobby.I think the most effective way is to help other people.Vocabulary 1. 1) engagement 2) separating 3) influences 4) arranged 5) chosen 6) In case 7) processed 8) changes 9) benefited 10) go on 2.1) end2) booked3) trapped4) book5) ended6) appeal7) trap8) appeal9) samples10) structure11) value12) structured13) sampled14) process15) valued16) process 3. 1) a. emptied b. emptiness 2) a. terrifiedb. terrifying 3) a. entertainingb. entertainment 4) a. introductoryb. introduction 5) a. employedb. employment 6) a. transformb. transformation 7) a. convincedb. convincing 8) a. approvalb. approve 9) a. isolatesb. isolation 10) a. reinforcementb. reinforced Translation1.I didnt realize putting on/staging a play involved so much work.2.The most important thing is not what you say but what you do.3.This is the best result that can be expected in such circumstances.4.It isnt the first time that you have found yourself in such a situation.5.This difficulty challenges my mind to find an answer.6.The new threat on the horizon is unemployment.7.We have alternative ways of expressing the same idea.8.He slipped into the old habit of drinking.Unit 9Post- ReadingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the organization 1) Introduction: (Para.1) Music may calm you down but it can also lead to traffic accidents. 2) Effect of music on drivers: (Para.2-9) A. Argument: Both extremes of music can result in risk. (Para.2) Music with a strong beat leads to aggressive driving. Soothing and melodious music makes drivers relaxed and sleepy. B. Supporting Evidence (Para.3-9):a. Introduction to the research (Para.3): Sponsor: British Automobile Association Subjects: Volunteer drivers, including newly qualified ones. Findings: i. Men in the 17-25 age bracket were the most dangerous and accident-prone group. ii. Men in this group listen to music for seventy percent of the time they are on the move. b. The pace of the driving is governed by the pace and beat of the music (Para.4-5): i. Drivers subjected to loud music find themselves making faster gear changes, accelerating more quickly and braking more abruptly. ii. Drivers subjected to slow ballads often find their attention wandering. iii. Comments by the volunteer drivers (Para.6-8):i) Simon told the AA that the fast rock music was potentially lethal.ii) Another volunteer said that he was speeding along singing loudly without noticing the fire engine behind his car while listening to ZZ Tops music.iii) Other comments: “I get lost in my own thoughts” “Its possible to suffer a dulling of the senses” “Not hearing other vehicles is a problem”c. Slower music stimulates a change in a persons brain pattern. (Para.9) i. It encourages Alpha waves. ii. It induces a feeling of well-being. iii. Prof. Shirley Fishers warning: Some music can lull you into concentration loss, or even mini-sleep, which can cause horrific accidents. 3) An analysis of the effect of music on driving: (Para.10-12) A. Selecting your music to suit the conditions (Para.10-11): a. Stimulating music can be useful on long boring roads, but it can distract you when traffic conditions are difficult, or traffic is heavy. b. According to Dr. Robert West, Carefully selected music may improve our driving, particularly in the high risk group. B. High-tech music systems built into our cars also cause accidents (Para.12). A recent traffic and road safety report showed that 40% of minor road accidents were caused by people taki