（新课标）高考英语阅读理解和短文改错选练（5）.doc

（新课标）2016高考英语阅读理解和短文改错选练（5）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中选出最佳选项。a report consistently brought back by visitors to the us is how friendly，courteous and helpful most americans were to themto be fair，this observation is also frequently made of canada and canadians，and should best be considered north americanthere are，of course，exceptionssmall-minded officials，rude waiters，and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the usyet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves commentfor a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one anotherstrangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion，and brought news of the outside worldthe harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitalitysomeone traveling alone，if hungry，injured，or ill，often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlementit was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlersit reflected the harshness of daily life： if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him，there was no one else who wouldand someday，remember，you might be in the same situationtoday there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveleryet，the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the us，especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails“i was just traveling through，got talking with this american，and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing” such observations reported by visitors to the us are not uncommon，but are not always understood properly1in the eyes of visitors from the outside world，_arude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the usbsmall-minded officials deserve a serious commentccanadians are not so friendly as their neighborsdmost americans are ready to offer help2it could be inferred from the last paragraph that _aculture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipbcourteous convention and individual interest are interrelated cvarious virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsdsocial interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions3families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers _ato improve their hard life bin view of their long-distance travelcto add some flavor to their own daily lifedout of a charitable impulse4the tradition of hospitality to strangers _atends to be superficial and artificial bis generally well kept up in the united statescis always understood properlydhas something to do with the busy tourist trails5whats the authors attitudes toward the americans friendliness？afavorable bunfavorable cindifferent dneutral【参考答案】1-5、dacba阅读理解。why laughter mattersalthough most people believe that laughter is one of the natures great treatments for a whole range of mental and physical diseases, it is still a serious scientific subject that researchers are trying to figure out.“laughter above all else is a social thing，” says baltimore neuroscientist, robert provine, who has studied laughter for decades. “all laughter groups laugh hahaha basically the same way. whether you speak mandarin, french or english, everyone will understand laughter. there is a pattern generator(发生器) in our brain that produces this sound.”laughing is our first way of communicating. babies laugh long before they speak. no one teaches them how to laugh. they just do. people may laugh at a prank(恶作剧) on april fools day. but surprisingly, only 10 to 15 percent of laughter is the result of someone making a joke. laughter is mostly about social responses rather than to a joke. deaf people laugh without hearing and people on cell phones laugh without seeing, showing that laughter isnt dependent on single sense but on social interactions.and laughter is not just a thing of people. chimps tickle(挠痒) each other and even laugh when another chimp pretends to tickle them.jaak panksepp, a bowling green university psychology professor, studies rats that laugh when he tickles them. it turns out rats love to be tickledthey return again and again to the hands of researchers tickling them.by studying rats, scientists can figure out whats going on in the brain during laughter. northwestern university biomedical engineering professor, jeffrey burgdorf has found that laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药). he thinks the same thing probably happens in humans, too. this would give doctors a new chemical target to develop drugs that can fight depression.even so, laughter itself has not been proved to be the best medicine, experts say. margaret stuber, a professor at university of california, studied whether laugher helped patients. she found that distraction(分心) and mood improvement helped, but she could not find a benefit of laughter alone.“no study has shown that laughter produces a direct health benefit，” provine said, largely because its hard to separate laughter from just feeling good. but he thinks it doesnt really matter, “isnt the fact that laughter feels good when you do it enough？”1the most important finding of robert provines research is that _alaughter makes a person feel goodblaughter depends on different sensesclaughter is a quality people are born withdlaughter is a social response shared by all creatures2according to the passage, scientists studied rats in order to find _aif they can laugh bif they like laughingcwhat laughter in rats produces dhow rats react while being tickled3what can we learn from the passage?apatients will recover if they laugh enough.blaughter is a means of communication as well as a language.ca new medicine has been developed based on the laughter research.dscientists can know what is happening in a human brain when he laughs.4which of the following shows the structure of the passage?a. b.c. d.cp: central pointp: pointsp: subpoint(次要点) c: conclusion【要点综述】“笑”既是人类也是动物的一种交际行为，多数人认为“笑”是治疗身体疾病和心理疾病的有效方式之一。“笑”是否与健康有直接的联系，尚无科学定论，但是，“笑”能使你身心愉悦，这毕竟是一件好事。1a推理判断题。根据最后一段“isnt the fact that laughter feels good when you do it enough？”可知a项正确。2c事实细节题。根据第六段“laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药)”可知。故c项正确。3b事实细节题。根据第二段“all laughter groups laughhahaha basically the same way.”以及第三段“laughing is our first way of communicating.”可知，“笑”既是一种交际方式也是一种所有物种都能理解的语言。故b项正确。4d篇章结构题。文章第一节首先提出话题：尽管“笑”被认为是治疗身体疾病和心理疾病的方式之一，但是它仍旧是研究者们试图想弄明白的一个严肃的科研项目；接着文章从两个方面来论述主观点：(1)“笑”是人类的行为：laughter above all else is a social thinglaughing is our first way of communicating；(2)“笑”也是动物的行为：and laughter is not just a thing of people；最后得出结论：“笑”是否与健康有直接的联系尚无科学定论，但是，“笑”能使人身心愉悦，这毕竟是一件好事。综上可知d项正确。【由山东省2014模拟改编】 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。“confidence” is probably one of the most noticeable traits（品质）in the americansthey show confidence in the way they talk，the way they smile，the way they dress and the way they walkliving and competing with all these confidence american students，i find it extremely important to be confident as an international student and instructoras a student，being confident means you should never hesitate to raise your hand whenever a question or a point comes to your minddont mind if it sounds simple or sillyotherwise you will never get a chance to speak in class at allwhats worse，the professors may think you are not prepared for the discussion or you do not have your own opinion on the issuethis is the last comment any graduate would like to receive being confidence for me as a foreign instructor means calmly asking the student to repeat what he or she has said if i did not get itpretending to understand what you actually did not may just bring yourself embarrassment or even disgracebut the time i most need to be confident is when my students come to my office and bargain about the grades i have given for their speeches（the course im teaching here is public speaking）modesty is a trait highly valued in china，but it wont be of much help here if you want to survive and succeed in a good american graduate program1to compete with american students its very important to abe quite confidentbbe polite and friendlychave more discussions with themdunderstand what they think about 2a professor will have the worst opinion of a student who agives a silly or simple answerbtries to seize any chance to speak in classcshows no interest in the coursedis considered to have no opinion of his own3the author is most likely to feel embarrassed if ahe asks a student to repeat what he has saidbthe students bargain with him che pretends to know what he doesnt dhe has to give a speech4we learn from the second paragraph that awe should also remain modest in americabmodesty doesnt help you much in americacamericans also like modest peopledmodesty can help you through an american graduate program5the passage is mainly developed by aproviding examples bmaking comparisonscgiving different figures dtelling personal experiences【参考答案】1-5、adcbd 1.短文改错 dear jim, i was pleased to hear from you and i am written to tell you something about the changes in my school.you are right. great changes have been taken place in my school. it is not longer what it used to be three years ago, when there were only one teaching building and a playground. i am happy to tell you two new buildings had been built and are on use. one of them is a new classroom building, in it there are rooms for music, arts and computer teaching. the other is a library, where there are all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines. however, my school is good equipped with sports facilities and musical instruments. the number of students has also grown from 1,500 to 2,500. whats more, we had planted a lot of trees and flowers in and around the school. i believe my school become better and better, and i hope you will visit my school again. yours, li hua【参考答案】1.dear jim, i was pleased to hear from you and i am written to tell you something about the changes in my writingschool.you are right. great changes have been taken place in my school. it is not longer what it used noto be three years ago, when there were only one teaching building and a playground. i am happy to wastell you two new buildings had been built and are on use. one of them is a new classroom building, inin it there are rooms for music, arts and computer teaching. the other is a library, where there are whichall kinds of books, newspapers and magazines. however, my school is good equipped with sports besides wellfacilities and musical instruments. the number of students has also grown from 1,500 to 2,500. whats more, we had planted a lot of trees and flowers in and around the school. havei believe my school become better and better, and i hope you will visit my school again. will yours, li hua2.短文 改错此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾()；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线()划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线()划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要进行修改，请打（）表示。today was like some other day in my life. in the morning, 76. the weather was awful, which made me to feel unhappy. 77. and i had to go to the bookstore to buy some books. when i come into the bookstore, the shop assistant told me that 78. they didnt have the books. so i had to go to others 79. bookstores, so they didnt have the books, either. i spent 80. the whole morning look for the books in different bookstores, 81. and on the way, i wasted much time, which made me very angry. finally, to my joy, i found out the books and bough