四级图表作文.doc

四、六级作文讲座 怎样描述图表？ 1.首先要看懂图表，弄清它所反映的问题。注意两点： a) 熟悉图表的各种类型，了解它们的特点和作用。 如：Table / Chart（事物之间的关系） Line Graph (事物上升趋势或下降趋势)Pie Chart Bars （各种事物在总百分比 (比较几种事物上升和下降的情况) 中所占的各自比例）b) 善于从众多的数字中抓住主要问题 两个方法：1) 借助题目抓主要问题 Changes in Peoples Diet Grain Meat Vegetables 1986 80% 5% 1987 75% 10% 1988 70% 20% 1989 60% 25% 1990 50% 30%主要问题：Changes2)看一下图表中哪些数字前后变化最大，它们往往内含文章要讨论的主要问题。如Job Problems for College Graduates1994年 (60%) 1. graduates who hold jobs in their majors (30%) 2. graduates who take jobs irrelevant to their majors (15%) 3. graduates who continue to study 1998 年 (20%) 1. graduates who hold jobs in their majors (40%) 2. graduates who take jobs irrelevant to their majors (40%) 3. graduates who continue to study图表中三项六组数字。要找出其中一组变化最大的数字，其余忽略，才能抓住重点，有针对性地展开。没有必要把所有的数字都列出来说明，反而冲淡了主题。 上面六组数字哪两组变化最大？有一个方法十分有效：在描述和引用数据前，先把某些数字所反应的主要问题或趋势用一句话概括出来，再用图表中的数字作为具体材料来说明。如上图，Each year, thousands of university graduates flood the job market, waving their university diplomas and certificates, expecting better jobs in their majors, only to be frustrated and disappointed. As is shown in this pie chart, only 20 percent of college graduates in 1998 could find jobs in their specialties, compared with 60 percent in 1994.Why do university graduates find it increasingly difficult to get a rewarding job? (某些已学过的句型可选用 ) 如：Several factors could account for the tendency ( change )可见把所反映的问题开门见山写出来，确保了所引用数据的针对性和关联性。没有必要把图表中的数字全部描写出来。描述图表的常用句型：1. According to the survey (poll) in 1996, _increased (decreased) by _ percent（ 净增减数：增加了）(to_ percent: 增加到，减少到百分比)(from _to _: 从_增加/减少 到_) e.g. According to the police report in 1994, arrests for different crimes of urban males under eighteen increased by 23 percent, while female juveniles increased by 12 percent.2. As is shown in the chart (graph, table), _ rose (fell, dropped) by _ in the last 5 years.e.g. As is shown in the graph, the real earnings of university faculties fell by more than 20 percent in the last three years.3. An investigation conducted by _ indicates that _ has reached (approached) _ in the past _ years compared with _ in _.e.g. Family Expenses on Daily NecessitiesYear FoodHousing HealthUtilities Total 1989 30% 3% 2% 5% 40% 1997 40% 10% 10% 15% 75% Pushing hard by inflation, people are now tightening the strings on the family budget. An investigation conducted by the Consumers Association indicates that food, housing, utilities and health costs now claim a larger share of the family income in 1997 compared with that in 1989.4. According to the official (reliable) statistics (data, figures) released (provided) by _, the rate (number, percentage) of _ has almost (more than) doubled (tripled), as against (compared with) that of _.e.g. Women Remaining Single 1966 年 1994年 12% 23%According to the statistics released by Census Bureau, the number of women remained single has almost doubled as against that of three decades ago. In 1966, 12% of women prefer single like, while in 1994 the percentage rose to 23 percent.5. (tendency) That is second highest (second lowest) rate in 10 years, continuing a(n) upward (downward) trend began in 1990s.e.g. 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 1969 1979 1989 1995 1998The Divorce Rate in ChengduIn recent years, the divorce rate in Chengdu has increased rapidly. According to a 1998 survey on marriage and divorce conducted by Womens Association, the divorce rate has more than doubled as compared with that of 1989. The figure goes to its highest in 1995, continuing an upward trend. (13分，By 陈红宇) An investigation conducted by the authorities concerned indicates that the divorce rate in Chengdu rose by more than 30 percent in the last thirty years. In 1969, the percentage was only 5%, while in 1996 it rose to 36%.Why does the divorce rate in Chengdu increase so rapidly in recent years? The reasons for it are complex. First, people now have emancipated themselves from old conventions. They no longer regard divorce as an inglorious thing. On the contrary, once they find that their partners do not fit them any more, they would not save face by making concessions, instead, they put forward divorces directly. Second, people have a larger circle of acquaintances than ever before. So they have more chances to get to know one another and easily to fall in love with somebody in the circle. Moreover, many young people get married in such a hurry that they do not have enough time to know each other. Without adequate, mutual understanding and the basis of emotion, the marriage would be likely to end up with divorce. In addition, some people can not balance loss and gain. They sacrifice their life-time love just for money and easy profits. This is also the reason for the quick going-up of divorce rate.It seems to me that no quick solution can be at hand to resolve the problem of divorce, but I think that people should handle marriage and divorce with great care and must hot regard marriage as a thrilling thing.Sample 3 (13分，By 李理)As is shown in this chart, modern marriage is becoming more unstable. According to the reliable figures released, the rate increased from 5% in 1969 to 35% in 1997.Why do so many couples divorce? Part of the reason is the independence of women. With the impact of economic revolution, women are provided with more and more opportunities to release their ability. So more and more women leave their endless housework to take jobs outside their homes. The pressure of work may make them ignore their duty as housewives. As a result, divorce happens in the end. Another reason is that some husbands can not bear their wives success in their profession, nor they cant receive the fact that their wives are more successful than they are. “I dont want an iron-minded woman to be my wife,” they say. So they decide to divorce with their wives.I think the couples should be responsible for each other, support each other. In doing so, they can establish their real love with each other and make their marriage stable.6. The figures (percentage rates) shown in the chart (table) supports (confirms, points to) a sound tendency (trend, conclusion) that _.Practice 6:Health Gains in Developing Countries Years old Deaths per 1000 births 90 80 70 60 200 40 150 20 10010 50 0 1960 1990 1960 1990 (Life Expectancy) (Infant Morality) 期望寿命 婴儿死亡率Outline: 1)描述变化情况及趋势 2)说明变化的原因 3)你的结论Sample 1:According to an investigation, the life expectancy in 1960 was 40 years old while it was about 70 in 1990. And as is also shown in the chart, the infant morality was about 200 deaths per 1000 births in 1960, and it was approximately below 50 in 1990. The figures support a sound tendency that the life expectancy increased and the infant mortality decreased in developing countries since 1960.The reasons that cause the changes are diverse. On the one hand medical science and service are advanced rapidly. As a result, many serious diseases now are curable. A new statistical data shows that a qualified doctor can save 1000 peoples lives in his life time. On the other hand, as peoples diet is greatly changed, more nutritious as well as balanced food comes to average peoples dinner tables. A social survey reveals that both urban and rural residents spend more and more money on food. At the same time, increasing number of people take an active part in various kinds of physical exercises. These help them to keep fit and live longer.From the fact given above, we may arrive at the conclusion that developing countries are becoming better and better. People in these countries can enjoy good health.Sample 2 (13分，By 刘红燕)Health Gains in Developing CountriesIn recent years, the developing countries have made great progress in many aspects, especially in health. According to the official statistics provided by the World Health Organization, we can see that the life expectancy increased from about 40 years old in 1960 to about 60 years old in 1990 and the infant morality decreased from approximately 150 percent per 1000 births in 1960 to about 50 percent in 1990. It goes without saying that the health gains in these countries.Why has the health in these countries been improved? A number of factors could account for the development. For one thing, the Death Control has achieved its effect. That is to say, the work of doctors, nurses and health services has raised to a new standard, which made the infant morality become lower and lower. For another, the development of industry and agriculture is another important factor. It may be said without fear of exaggeration that people can provide enough food to feed up all the babies. In a word, this made the health gains well.Taking into account all these factors, we may arrive at the conclusion that with the development of the society the developing countries will make more and more progress.Sample 3 (12分，By余斌)Peoples health has greatly improved in developing countries in the past three decades. Life expectancy and infant morality have changed a lot. According to the official statistics, life expectancy in developing countries reached 65 years old in 1990 compared with 40 years old in 1960. While infant morality decreased by 83.3 percent in the past thirty years,