广州英语八年级上 新课讲义.docx

第一讲Unit1 Encyclopaedias导入：Do you know what is encyclopaedia ?There are five exercises, the answers can be found in an encyclopaedia, just try.1、Leonardo da Vinci was a(n)_. Apainter B. engineer C. cook 2、Leonardo da Vinci was_. A. French B. English C. Italian3、Leonardo da Vinci painted_. A. Sunflowers B. The last Supper C. Impression, Sunrise4、Today you can find dinosaurs_. A. in zoos B. in museums C. everywhere5、Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Dinosaurs once lived on Earth. B. All dinosaurs are very big C. Some dinosaurs could fly.一、单词短语呈现(划线部分为必记单词和短语)encyclopedia n. 百科全书 human adj 人的dinosaur n 恐龙 Italian n./adj.意大利语 意大利人inventor n. 发明家 musician n. 音乐家 音乐人scientist n. 科学家 born v. 出生countryside n.乡村 农村 intelligence n.才能 智慧artistic adj. 艺术的 ability n. 能力perhaps adv.可能 也许 invention n. 发明notebook n.记录本 笔记本 include v.包括 包含even adv. 甚至 however adv. 然而suddenly adv. 突然 nobody pron.无人fossil n. 化石 win v.(won, won) 赢dollar n. 元（美国、加拿大等国货币单位）be born 出生 for example 例如more than 多于，超过 die out 灭绝just like 正如，正像 be famous for 以而闻名how long 多久 find out 了解到，弄清would like 想要 next to 紧挨着go for a walk 去散步 human being 人in the countryside 在乡村，在农村二、课文精讲Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learned to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa is perhaps the most famous paintings in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art) DinosaursDinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60million years before human beings. The lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chicken. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could even fly.Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth history) 重点单词、短语讲解1、 painter 画家，画图者painter 可数名词，意为“画家，画图者”，是由动词paint(画)加后缀-er构成的名词。I want to_ _ _. 我想成为一位画家。【拓展】有的动词加后缀-er构成名词，有的动词加后缀-or构成名词。Teach 教teacher 教师 sing 唱singer 歌唱家Read 读reader 读者 visit 参观visitor参观者动词加后缀-er或-or变成的名词多指男性，若指女性则要加后缀-ress。Actor(男)演员actress女演员 Waiter(男)服务生waitress女服务生2、 cook 厨师，cook此处用作名词，意为“厨师”。Cook 意为“炊具”His father is_ _ _. 他爸爸是一位著名的厨师。【拓展】cook还可以作动词，意为“烹调，煮，烧”。My mother _a delicious meal for us.我妈妈为我们做了一顿可口的饭菜。3、 Da Vinci was born in the countryside. 达芬奇出生在农村。 In+地点名词Be born In(出生在某年/某月)/on（具体到某一天）+时间名词Eg: 李明于1995年5月8日出生在伦敦。_4、 ability 名词，表示“能力”时，多为不可数名词；表示“才能”时多用复数形式。 Eg: He is a man of_. 他是个有能力的人。 He is a man of_. 他是个多才多艺的人。5、 His paintings are very famous， 他的画非常出名。Famous 形容词“著名的”，相当于”well-known” 辨析：Be famous for因而闻名杭州因西湖而出名_Be famous as作为而著名他作为一名歌手闻名_6、For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines.例如，他的笔记本里包含一些飞行器的有趣画面。 Include 及物动词，意为“包含，包括” Eg: The children_ _ _这些孩子中有20个女孩。 Including 是介词，意为“包括，包含在内” Eg: The members were present at the meeting,_ _ 包括我在内的十个成员出席了会议。7、 Some dinosaurs were as small as chicken. 有的恐龙和鸡一样小。Asas “和一样” 当比较对象在某方面相同时，用“as+形容词+as”结构，意为（A与B）一样Eg: 这棵树和那棵树一样高。This tree is _ _ _ that one.【拓展】比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用not so /as+形容词/副词原级，表示A不如BEg: 我们的学校没有你们的学校大。 Our school is_ _ _ _yours.8、 Some could even fly. 有些甚至可以飞。Even 副词，意为“甚至”，主要用于加强语气，修饰动词，形容词或副词的比较级。Eg: _he doesnt know the secret. 连他也不知道这个秘密。9、 However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.However 副词，意为“然而，但是”，可位于句首，句中或句末。位于句首时，其后用逗号；位于句中时，其前后均用逗号，位于句末时，其前用逗号。 比较: but 意为“但是”转折的意为强于however , 位于分句句首，其后不使用逗号。 Eg: He likes music, _ his wife doesnt. 他喜欢音乐但他的妻子不喜欢。10、 Then, they all suddenly die out. 然后他们都灭绝了die out 意为“灭绝，消失”eg: 为什么他们灭绝了呢？_11、 find out 意为“发现，弄清”eg: 请找出这个问题的答案。_辨析：Find out查明，找出指通过观察、探索等努力才查明结果Find 发现，找到强调结果Look for寻找强调动作中考链接：-Steven, could you help me_when the plane will take offon the Internet?-Im sorry, my computer doesnt work.A. Get on B. find out C. look for D. look after(一) 选择与意思相近的选项完成句子1. When somebody is born, he/she .A. comes out of his/her mothers bodyB. leaves his/her parents C. goes to see a doctor2. His parents live in the countryside. They live the city.A. insideB. outsideC. in the center of3. Birds have a musical ability. They sing.A. canB. cannotC. are happy to4. The book includes some beautiful photos. These photos are the book.A. part ofB. at the end ofC. connected to5. A human being is a(n) .A. animalB. machineC. person（二）选择单词的正确形式填空完成文章Even however invention notebook perhaps scientistWhen I was young, I used to keep a . I wrote many poems and drew many pictures of different in it. They were not very good, but they helped me think and dream. Now I am a famous and I do many important things. , my journey began when I was at school, with my studies, and my poems and pictures. I was a student just like you. you will do something important or become famous one day. Just remember to think and do dream.（三）从文章中找出下列问题的答案 1. Who was Leonardo da Vinci?_ 2. What did dinosaurs eat?_三、语法讲解【Some &any 谈及数量】用some &any 看图填空 1、 There is _ _2、There is _ _near the tree .3、There are_ leaves on the ground ./There are not _leaves on the ground .4、There are_ money on the ground ./There are not _money on the ground .5、Are there _leaves on the ground ?从上面的句子中你可以得出some& any 的基本用法吗？1、 Some，“几个”、“一些”做定语可以修饰_通常用于_2、 Any，“任何一些”、“任何一个”作定语可以修饰_通常用于_【拓展】1、 some作代词用时,可在句中作主语或宾语。例如:_ _ _ _are playing games now. 有几个男孩现在正在做游戏。I have no paper. Please_ _ _. 我没有纸了,请给我一些吧。2、some有时也可以用在疑问句或条件句中,表示请求、建议,并期望得到对方的肯定回答。它也可以用于反问句中。例如: Can you give me_ _? 你能给我一些钱吗? Would you like_ _ _? 再来点米饭好吗? 3、any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend. 随便带什么朋友来吧。4、 any作代词用时,也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思,起强调作用。例如: You may take_ _ _. 这些东西,你随便拿哪个都行。5、 any有时也可用于条件句中。例如:If you have any, give us some. 如果你有的话,就给我们一点儿吧。【复合不定代词】复合不定代词是由some, any, no, every同body，one, thing等词构成的代词。复合不定代词都可看作单数，表示“某人”或“某物”，并在句中作主语、宾语或表语。同some和any在用法上的区别一样，some, someone和something一般用于肯定句，anybody, anyone和anything一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。例如： We want _to help us. 我们想要有人来帮助我们。 Have you found _here? 你们在这儿发现什么了吗？ If _comes to visit us, tell him we have gone to the cinema. 如果有人来访，就告诉他我们去电影院了。 表示人的复合不定代词后面都可以加s构成所有格。例如： Somebodys wallet has just been stolen. 有人的钱包刚刚被偷了。 注：复合不定代词要求后置定语。 例如： We will have something important to do this afternoon. 今天下午我们有些重要事情要做。 复合代词不张扬，修饰成分后面藏。单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。复合不定代词用法口诀大放送语法练习1. There is not _ meat in my bowl. There is _ chicken in it.A. some; any B. any; some C. any; any D. some; some2. Could you do_ for me, please?A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything3. The bottle is empty. There is_ in it.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything4. Did you find _in the room? No, we found _ there.A. anybody; nobody B. somebody; everybody C. anybody; somebody D. everybody; anybody5. I have a lot of work to do. 1 have_ time to play.A. not B. any C. no D. some6. Would you like_ more coffee? A. little B. any C. some D. another7. Listen to me. I have_ to tell you.A. anything new B. something new C. new something D. nothing new8. By the way, is there _ in todays newspaper? A. something new B. anything new C. new something D. new anything四、课后练习 （一）选择题( ) 1. Millie is very _,so we all want to make _ with her.A. friends friendly B. friendly friends C. friendly friendly D. friends friends ( ) 2. -Is there _ left in the fridge? -Only some eggs.A. nothing else B. else anything B. C. something else D. anything else( ) 3.Mr Li often makes us_in his class, so we all like him.A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed( ) 4.Max is kind. He is always_ to help others. A. like B. ready C. try D. want( ) 5. There arent enough chairs. Would you please _ones here?A. to bring another three B. bring more three C. to take three other D. bring three more( ) 6. Im going to _ them something about our new school.A. say B. tell C. talk D. speak( ) 7. Im so hungry, can I have _?A. anything eat B. something eating C. anything to eat D. something to eat( ) 8.On _home, Susan found a robber getting out of a van yesterday.A. her way to B. her way for C. her way at D. her way( ) 9.Listen! I heard Tom_ in the next room.A. sing B. sings C. sang D. singing( ) 10. The boy said to _ “ Can I see an elephant?”A. herself B. himself C. him D. his(二) 完形填空One day Mark Twain was invited to _1_ a talk in a small town, He met a young man, one of his friends. The young man said that he had an uncle, his uncle _2_ laughed or smiled. “you bring your uncle to my talk tonight,” said Mark Twain. “Im sure I can make him laugh.”That evening the young man and his uncle sat _3_ the front. Mark Twain told several funny stories. _4_ made everyone in the room laugh. But the old man never _5_ smiled. Mark Twain told _6_ funny stories, but the old man still kept _7_. Finally, he stopped. He felt very tired and gave up._8_ later, Mark Twain told a friend of his about _9_ had happened, “Oh”, said his friend, “I know that old man. He has _10_ for years.” ( ) 1. A. give B. send C. make D. work ( ) 2. A. often B. sometimes C. never D. always ( ) 3. A. in B. with C. on D. at ( ) 4. A. those B. this C. these D. that ( ) 5. A. even B. ever C. still D. yet ( ) 6. A. most B. more C. much D. the most ( ) 7. A. quietly B. quite C. quiet D. laughing ( ) 8. A. these days B. some days C. other days D. those days( ) 9. A. which B. how C. what D. that ( ) 10. A. foolish B. deaf(聋) C. blind D. dead （三）阅读理解 Long ago, there was an interesting man called Effendi (阿凡提), He had a good sense of humour. One day he had a joke with the Prime Minister (宰相). He said that the Minister would die the next day. Really the next day, the Minister fell off the horse and died. When the king learned this, he got angry and sent his men to catch Effendi at once. When Effendi was in front of the King, the king shouted angrily, “Effendi, since (既然) you know when my Minister would die, you must know the date of your own death. Say it out, or you will die today.”Effendi looked at the king for a while, he answered, “But how can I know? Ill die two days earlier than you.”Because the king was afraid if he killed Effendi, he himself would die after that. He thought he must keep Effendi alive as long as he could, so he let Effendi go.( ) 1. The story tells us _ A. how Effendi fooled the king B. when the king would die C. why the Minister died D. Effendi knew the dates of everyones death( ) 2. The Prime Minister died because _ A. Effendi killed him B. Effendi said he would die C. he was badly ill D. he fell to the ground from the horse( ) 3. Why did the king ask Effendi to tell him the date of his own death? A. in this way the king would know when he would die B. he wanted to find an excuse to kill Effendi C. he himself had known the date of Effendis death D. he wanted to know when Effendi would die( ) 4.The king let Effendi go because _ A. he hoped to live a long life B. he was afraid of Effendi C. he didnt believe Effendis words D. he knew he would die two days later( ) 5. Which of the following is not true? A. The Minister died after the day when Effendi played a joke on him. B. The king was afraid of death C. Effendi didnt know when the king would die D. If the king killed Effendi, he himself would die two days later.第二讲Unit2 NumbersLead-in：Numbers: everyones languageThe system of numbers today consists of the numbers from 1 to 9 and 0(zero). The Indians first invented and developed the 1 to 9 system of numbers. They then invented the zero. The invention of the zero helped people write big numbers and calculate more easily. Now use each of these ten numbers once to write the biggest number. What is it? Can you read it or write it in English?9876543210_一、单词短语呈现(划线部分为必记单词和短语)number n. 数字 instructions n.pl. 指示 check v. 检查，核实 gram n. 克 son n. 儿子 chess n. 国际象棋India n. 印度 wise adj. 充满智慧的 challenge v. 向（某人）挑战 promise v. 许诺，承诺 prize n. 奖赏，奖品 grain n. 粒chessboard n. 国际象棋 double v.（使）加倍 amount n. 数量，数额 rest n. 剩余部分 gold n. 金子，黄金 instead adv. 代替，顶替 realize v. 认识到，意识到 copy v. 抄写 correctly adv. 准确无误地，正确地 traffic n. 交通 accident n. （交通）事故 a long time ago 很早以前 challenge . to. 向（某人）挑战 and so on .等等 copy down 抄写二、 课文精讲The king and the riceA long time ago, there was a king in India. The kings favourite game was chess. One day, a wise old man came to the place and the king challenged him to a game. The king promised the old man, “You can have any prize if you win the game.”The old man said, “If I win the game, Id like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four for the third, and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.”“Is that all?” asked the king. “Wouldnt you like gold or silver instead?”“No, just rice,” replied the old man.The king and the old man played the game for a long time, Finally, the old man won, Son the king ordered his men to collect a bag of rice. He put one grain on the first square, two on the second, and so on. The king quickly realized the problem-even with all the rice in the country, he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares!重点单词、短语讲解1、The kings favourite game was chess.国王最喜欢的游戏是国际象棋。Favourite 形容词，意为“最喜欢的”常放于名词前作定语。如：白色是我最喜欢的颜色。_【拓展】Favourite 可作名词，意为“最喜欢的人或物2、One day, a wise old man came to the place and the king challenged him to a game.有一天，一位充满智慧的老者来到宫殿，国王向他挑战一次比赛。(1) One day 意为“有一天，某一天”如： _ _, I met Mr Li and he looked sad.有一天我遇到了李先生，他看起来很悲伤。 辨析：One day过去的某一天/或将来的某一天I think my day will come true one day/someday.Some day只表示将来的某一天(2) challenge 及物动词，意为“向（某人）挑战”短语为：challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战父亲向我挑战一场乒乓球赛。_3、The king promised the old man, “You can have any prize if you win the game.”国王向老者承诺：“如果你赢得比赛，你可以得到任何奖励。 promise 及物动词，表示“承诺”，其后可以接双宾语或动词不定式作宾语。 如：She _ _the book. 她承诺给我这本书。 He_ _ _ to the party.他答应来参加聚会。【拓展】 promise 也可以作名词，make a promise“许下诺言，答应”4、and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.其余的方格都是（前方一格）两倍的数量Rest 意为“剩余部分”the rest of 的剩余部分，其后接可数名词单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数如：但是其他人怎么办呢？But what about _ _ _ _?【拓展】rest 作名词，意为“休息”作动词“使休息”5、Wouldnt you like gold or silver instead? 难道你不想要金子或银子代替吗？instead 副词，意为“代替；顶替”。She is very busy. Lets _ _. 她太忙了，还是让我们去吧。辨析：instead 与instead ofinstead代替，顶替位于句首或句末instead of代替，而不是后接名词、代词或动名词Instead Ill stay at home and do my homework. 相反，我会待在家里做作业。Ill read newsprapers instead of seeing a film.我将看报纸而不是看电影6. The king quickly the problem-even with all the rice in the country。国王很快意识到一个问题realized 是动词realize的过去式。Realize 及物动词，意为“认识到；意识到”，常见用法有：（1）realized +n. At last she_ _ _. 最后她意识到了她的错误。（2）realized + that 从句I _it was time to go to school. 我意识到该上学了。（3）realized +疑问词+其他 I dont think you important this is to her. 我认为你没有意识到这对她很重要。7.A young man once talked to a wise old man.