探究式教学【教学设计】Unit 4 (人教版）.docx

Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars蚌埠二中 马爱军教学模式介绍探究式教学模式是指在教学过程中，要求学生在教师指导下，通过以“自主、探究、合作”为特征的学习方式对当前教学内容中的主要知识点进行自主学习、深入探究并进行小组合作交流，从而较好地达到课程标准中关于认知目标与情感目标要求的一种教学模式。其中认知目标涉及与学科相关知识、概念、原理与能力的掌握；情感目标则涉及思想感情与道德品质的培养。探究式课堂教学模式的教学环节：创设情境启发思考自主（或小组）探究协作交流总结提高设计思路说明1. 总体思路以英语探究式教学为指导思想，将教学内容和学生实际及热点话题相结合，按照新课标对教学的要求来设计本节课的教学。教学中以智慧教学手段为辅助教学手段，以任务型教学法为主要教学方法进行教学。所设计的任务主要有三个：一是基本课文阅读任务运用有效阅读技巧，充分理解课文，输入信息、整合信息；二是语言交际任务运用所学语言进行现实交际，选择信息，输出信息；三是创造性任务对文学作品中人物性格的理解。另外，通过课堂上的头脑风暴、个人阅读活动、双人活动和小组讨论等活动，激发学生学习兴趣和求知欲，开启学生思维之门，培养学生相互合作精神。让学生在真实的活动中，亲身体验、相互合作。所有活动的展开力求环环相扣，整节课生动流畅，从而实现本节课的各个教学目标。本节课所用到的教学方法有：1自主探究法：从探究中发现问题，分析问题，从而提高学生解决问题的能力。2合作学习法：让学生在讨论交流中取长补短，培养学生的合作竞争意识。3自主学习法：对于一些内容，同学们通过思考老师提出的问题、观看微课视频自主学习。使学生由“学会”变为“会学”，通过这些方法，孩子们提高了自主学习和独立思考的能力，学会了总结。2. 各环节教学思路【创设情境】通过Brainstorm方式，让同学们了解the black hole，the big bang，Solar System，eight planets等天文学知识。引导学生对课文内容进行预刚，调动学生已有的背景知识，使其产生阅读的兴趣，快速进入阅读状态;然后让学生通过快速阅读来验证自己的预测，使学生处于一种主动认知状态。【启发思考】 从中外宗教传说中人类的起源说起，通过一系列问题让学生思考地球上生命的起源，引出对地球生命起源发展的话题。教师可以通过各种方式启发学生不要拘泥现成答案，从多个角度思考问题，充分发挥思维的新颖性、创造性，只要合理、新鲜、有趣，或有其他任何独到见解，都给予鼓励。【自主或小组探究】这个环节是对整篇文章信息的归纳与梳理，进一步巩固学生对文章内容的把握，同时培养学生处理信息的能力，并为下一步讨论打下坚实的语言基础。（1）培养学生运用skimming, scanning阅读技巧的能力；（2）通过Discuss，Conlusion等激发学生深入理解课文的欲望，我们不应低估学生的能力。（3）通过Pre-reading，detailed questions，Careful Reading部分虽然也是对文章细节的把握，但着眼于整个篇章的阅读。(4) 讨论文章的语言特点有助于学生熟悉科普类文章的特点，掌握该类文章的阅读技巧。【协作交流】 学生只有经过了认真的自主探究，积极思考后，才可能进入高质量的协作交流阶段。经过前几个环节，学生已经对文章有了深刻的理解，完成了信息的输入与理解。这个环节设计了好几个任务型活动，如：讨论我们能为地球的保护做点什么？再用所给短语，设计一个地球日活动，讨论生命进化的过程和保护环境的措施，锻炼思维能力和口头表达能力, 培养学生的批判性思维能力和创造性思维能力,培养学生合作意识。 【总结提高】 通过总结和复述，提升对全文信息和大意的理解。【课外作业】课外作业是课堂学习的深化、补充、和延伸。近一步理解课文内容。教材分析本单元以astronomy: the science of the stars, the development of life, space travel and gravity为话题，通过本单元的几篇阅读材料使学生对以上问题有所了解，并通过文章中的一些探讨性的问题，比如，The earth may become too hot for the lives on it. Then what will our future be? 使学生更好地了解我们的地球和我们的生活环境，并引发对“地球的将来如何”的热烈讨论，通过这些讨论激发学生对天文学了解和探究的强烈兴趣。通过讨论登月球需要的物品和可能遇到的困难学会提出问题和解决问题的表达方法，并能就此写出一篇表达合理思路清晰的短文。1. Warming up以讨论的形式通过三组问题引导学生讨论边缘科学，讨论科学的方法以及要成为真正的科学家所必须掌握的技能。2. Pre-reading主要让学生弄清楚什么是科学思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化传统。在探讨生命起源的科学道理之前，让学生以听故事或讲故事的方式，交流有关宇宙的起源的种种传说，既有趣味性，又能调动学生的相关知识，激活学生的思维。3. Reading讲述了地球上生命的起源。水的形成使得地球有别于其他星球，它使得地球上生命的诞生成为可能。科学家认为，地球上的生命首先诞生于水中，上百万年后，陆地上才长出绿色植物，随后出现了陆栖动物和水陆两栖动物。最初的动物靠孵化繁衍后代，后来出现了哺乳动物，人类也随之诞生了。文章最后讲了令人深省的问题：The earth may become too hot for the lives on it.4. Comprehending通过四个选择填空题检测学生对本文核心问题的理解：地球上生命的起源和延续需要哪些条件？随后通过排序的方式帮助学生弄清本文的行文线索，也就是地球上生命的起源和发展历程。最后提出两个问题，考查学生的深层理解和推断能力。5. Learning about language分词汇和语法两部分。其中，Discovering useful words and expressions通过英文释意，短文填空，词语分类和单项选择等练习让学生在语境中掌握和运用词汇。Grammar采用先发现后应用的学习方法。先通过到课文中找句子，让学生认识主语从句，然后，设置一个用手机发短信息的情景，让学生进行简单句与主语从句之间的转换练习。最后设置情景来复习表语从句。6. Using language由Listening、Reading和Speaking and Writing三部分交互组合而成。指导学生在听和读的输入性学习之后，完成说和写的输出性应用练习。Listening的内容介绍三位科学巨匠。不仅通过听力填表的形式训练学生捕捉细节的能力，还通过四选一的方式帮助学生找主题思想。在解释对与错的过程中，教师可以适当的介绍一下概括主题的方法。Reading是一个科幻小故事，通过作者和作者的朋友乘宇宙飞船登月球的经历，介绍了重量、失重和地球引力等科学道理。Speaking 以Visiting the moon为话题，要求学生讨论登月球需要携带的物品和在月球上可能遇到的困难。Writing要求学生找出登月球可能遇到的三个困难并找出克服这些困难的方法。在听说读写综合提高的同时，培养了学生的创新意识和实践能力。教学目标【语言知识目标】Master the words and terms on Astronomy，such as system, theory, atmosphere, fundamental, in time, give birth to, ones turn, preventfrometc.【语言能力目标】a. Enable students to sum up the main idea of the whole text and each paragraph. .b. Help the students understand the structure and content of the passage. c. Enable students to using the reading skills of predicting, skimming, scanning and digesting. Students will be able to get the information they want from the text through skimming and scanning.d. Foster the students ability of thinking and oral expressing by group discussion and presentation. e. Students will be able to organize information logically they get from the text.【情感价值观目标】a. Enable students to be aware of the development of life. b. Inspire the students to think of what we should do to protect the earth. c. Cultivate the studentss ability of coorperation and team work by group work and pair work. d. To encourage Ss to practice, participate, and co-operate in the classroom activities教学重难点【教学重点】Help the students to understand the origin and evolution of the life on the earth. 【教学难点】Enable students to be aware of the development of life.课前准备a projector, a tape recorder, the multimedia, the blackboard教学过程一、创设情境Warming up 11. What do you know about astronomy?Show pictures of the black hole, super moon, the big bang2. Do you know anything about the solar system?Show pictures of Solar System.3. What are the names of the eight planets that circle the sun?水星Mercury 金星Venus 地球Earth 火星Mars 木星Jupiter 土星Saturn天王星Uranus 海王星 NeptuneWarming up 21. Ask some questions about astronomy:(1) So far, life hasnt been discovered on other planets. Why is the earth different from them?(2) Do you know why Pluto is no longer considered a planet?(3) How does the Sun produce energy?(4) What is the eventual fate of the Sun?(5) What determines the surface temperature of a planet?(6) What interests you in astronomy? Do you know any questions that astronomers are interested in?(7) What do we know about planets around other stars?(8) Where might we find life in the Solar System?2. Some facts about astronomy: (1) We can only detect about 5% of the matter in the universe. (2) The Suns core releases the equivalent of 100 billion nuclear bombs every second.(3) Light from distant stars and galaxies takes so long to reach us that we are actually seeing these objects as they appeared in the past.(4) Shooting stars (流星) really arent stars. They are usually just tiny dust particles falling through our atmosphere. (5) Even though Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, temperatures there can reach-280 degrees F on its surface.(6) Earth is the only planet not named after a god. 3. A Quiz Game 1. How old is the earth?A. About 3.5 billion years B. About 4.5 billion yearsC. About 5.5 billion years D. About 6.5 billion years 2. _ of the earth surface is covered by water.A. 20% B. 30% C. 50% D. 70%3. How many planets are there in the Solar System?A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9 4. What is the total population of humans on the earth?A. About 3.5 billion B. About 4.5 billionC. About 5.5 billion D. About 6.5 billion5. How long does the rotation (自转) of the earth take? A. 12 hours B. 24 hours C. a month D. 365 days6. Which continent is the smallest?A. Africa B. North America C. South America D. Oceania 7. On what day is the Earth day celebrated?A. April 22 B. May 4 C. August 21 D. November 118. Which ocean is the largest?A. The Pacific Ocean B. The Arctic Ocean C. The Indian Ocean D. The Atlantic Ocean9. Which country has the largest area?A. Canada B. China C. Russia D. U.S.A二、启发思考1. Brainstorm头脑风暴 (Pre-reading) Ask students:The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers. What do you know about it?Each religion and culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth. What do you know?Chinese Version 1Pangu separates the sky from the earth.Chinese Version 2Nvwa made humans.Western Version 1The Biblical AccountDay 1: God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night. Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean. Day 3: God spoke and created dry land. Day 4: God spoke and created the sun, moon and stars. Day 5: God spoke and created living creatures in the air and sea. Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals and man. Day 7: God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy. Indian Version Brahma the Hindu god of creationHe is the creator of the universe and all living beings are said to have evolved from him.2. Prediction Look at the pictures. Do you know the topic of this unit?The development of human beingsThey developed new methods of growing food, hunting and moving around. As time went by they covered the earth and have become the most important animals on the planet.三、自主或小组探究之活动探究1. Skimming(1) Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.The text mainly tells us the formation of the _ and the development of _ on it.(2) Answer the questions according to the text.What is the main idea of the text?How life began on the earth3. Which paragraph are the questions mentioned in?1) How old is the earth?2) How does the universe begin?3) Is there any water in the Mars?4) When did dinosaurs disappear?5) Which animal is the most important one on the earth?4. Explanation(1) Before life appearedPara.1: a widely accepted theory about the formation of the universePara.2: the formation of the earthPara.3: the importance of water for life(2) The development of lifePara.4: the development of plants and animals on the earthPara.5: the arrival of humans and their impact on the earth2. Scanning 1. Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.(1) When did the “Big Bang” happen? It happened several billion years ago.(2) What form was the earth after the “Big Bang”? The earth was still just a cloud of dust.(3) What made up the earths atmosphere after the earth exploded? Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases. (4) How did water come into being on the earth? As the earth cooled down after it exploded, water came into being.(5) Whats the significance of the presence of water on the earth? It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.(6) What was important to the development of fish? Oxygen. (7) What made possible the rise of mammals on the earth? The disappearance of dinosaurs made possible the rise of mammals on the earth.(8) Why are mammals different from all life forms in the past? They gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.3. Detailed ReadingRead the passage carefully and fill in the blanks. TimeWhat happenedBig Bang_ began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.Between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago Dust settled into a solid and _ globe. The earth exploded to produce its _. The continued _ of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and _ into the oceans and seas.Many millions of years later The first small plants on the surface of the water produced _. Early _ and all sorts of fish appeared. Green plants began to grow on land. Insects and _ appeared.About 2.6 million years agoSome small _ animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all over the earth.NowHumans produce too much carbon _, making the earth too hot.4. Post-ReadingAsk students: How life began on the earth? Fill on the forms. 5. DiscussionThink about what you have read and discuss these questions in pairs.(1) Why was the earth different from other planets? Because the water remained on the earth.(2) Why did the plants grow before the animals came? Because plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe. (3) Why is it wrong to show films with dinosaurs and people together?Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.四、协作交流Discussion 1Choose your opinion and tell us why.A. We are making the world better.B. We are making the world worse.(1) What humans developed?developed new methods of growing fooddeveloped new methods of huntingdeveloped new methods of moving around(2) But they are not taking care of the earth very well. What problem are humans causing?putting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere the earth may become too hot Discussion 2Group Work: As a student, what little things can we do for the earth?Design an activity on Earth Dayl What the activity is about l Why the activity is designedl When and where to do the activity l Who takes part in the activityl What to be done in the activityl Lets take part in the activities to save the earth