2011.12 四级真题(无听力).pdf

PartPart WritingWriting 30 30 minutes minutes 注意 此部分试题在答题卡 1 上 For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay enti tledNothingNothing SucceedsSucceeds WithoutWithout a a StrongStrong WillWillby commenting on the hum orous saying Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world I ve done it hundreds of times You should write at least 120 words bu t no more than 180 words PartPart ReadingReading ComprehensionComprehension Skimming Skimming andand Scanning Scanning 15 15 minutes minutes Directions In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1 For ques tions 1 7 choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D For questions 8 10 complete the sentence with the inform ation given in the passage WhyWhy IntegrityIntegrity MattersMatters WhatWhat IsIs Integrity Integrity The key to integrity is consistency not only setting high person al standards for oneself honesty responsibility respect for others fairness but also living up to those standards each and every day One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical 道德 上的 standards even when making life s hard choices choices which m ay be clouded by stress pressure to succeed or temptation What happens if we lie cheat steal or violate other ethical st andards We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed But a lapse 缺失 of integrity also affects our relationships with others Trust is essential in any important relationship whether personal or prof essional Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair Thus inte grity must be one of our most important goals RiskyRisky BusinessBusiness We are each responsible for our own decisions even if the decisi on making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure Th e real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake by understanding why we acted as we did and then exploring ways to avoi d similar problems in the future Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future pr oblems We must learn to recognize risks because if we can t see the risks we re taking we can t make responsible choices To identify r isks we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts For exampl e one who doesn t know the rules a about plagiarism 剽窃 may accid entally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fa ils to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required But the fact that such a violation is unintentional does not excuse the misconduct Ignorance is not a def ense But Everybody Does It Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but ma nage to fool themselves about the risks they re taking by using excus es Everyone else does it I m not hurting anyone or I really n eed this grade Excuses can get very elaborate I know I m look at another s exam even though I m supposed to keep my eyes on my own pa per but that s not cheating because I m just checking my answers n ot copying We must be honest about our actions and avoid excuses i f we fool ourselves into believing we re not doing anything wrong we can t see the real choice we re making and that leads to bad decis ions To avoid fooling yourself watch out for excuses and try this test A sk how you would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over yore shoulder If you d rather hide your actions that s an indication that you re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yo urself EvaluatingEvaluating RisksRisks To decide whether a risk is worth taking you must examine the conseq uences in the future as well as right now negative as well as posit ive and to others as well as to yourself Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immolate benefits and simply haven t co nsidered what might go wrong The consequences of getting caught are serious and may include a O on a test or assignment an F in the class suspension 暂令停学 or dismissal from school and a ruined re putation In fact when you break a role or law you lose control ove r your life and give others the power to impose punishment that you h ave no control over This is an extremely vulnerable 脆弱的 positio n There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle which might justify such a risk but there aren t many things that fa ll in this category GettingGetting AwayAway withwith itit OrOr NotNot Those who don t get caught pay an even higher price A cheater doesn t learn from the test which deprives 剥夺 him her of an education Cheating undermines confidence and independence the cheater is a fr aud and knows that without dishonesty he she would have failed Che ating destroys self respect and integrity leaving the cheater ashame d guilty and afraid of getting caught Worst of all a cheater who doesn t get caught the first time usually cheats again not only because he she is farther behind but also be cause it seems easier This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bi gger risks leads only to disaster Eventually the cheater gets caugh t and the later he she gets caught the worse the consequences CheatingCheating HurtsHurts Other Other TooToo Cheaters often feel invisible as if their actions don t count and don t really hurt anyone But individual choices have an intense cumu lative 累积的 effect Cheating can spread like a disease Recent st atistics suggest 30 or more of college students cheat If a class i s graded on a curve cheating hurts others grades Even if there is no curve cheating poisons the classroom and others may feel press ured to join in If I don t cheat I can t compete with those who do Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers The real rewar d of goof teaching is seeing students learn But a cheater says I m not interested in what you re trying to teach all I care about is s tealing a grade regardless of the effect on others The end result is a destructive attack on the quality of your education Finally ch eating can hurt the reputation of the university and harm those who w orked hard for their degree WhyWhy IntegrityIntegrity MaMatterstters If cheating becomes the norm then we are in big trouble We must rel y on the honesty and good faith of others if not we couldn t put mo ney in the bank buy food clothing or medicine from others drive a cross a bridge get on a plane go to the dentist the list is endles s There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when indiv iduals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have The sav ings and loan scandal the stock market and junk bond swindles and of course Watergate have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whol e Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation s economy and our individual well being For example but for the savings and loan debacle there might be funds available to reduce the national debt a nd pay for education In sum we all have a common stake in our school our community and our society Our actions do matter It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live 1 A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standar ds but also A sticks to them in their daily life B makes them known to others C understands their true values D sees that others also follow them 2 What role does integrity play in personal and professional relatio nships A It helps to create team spirit B It facilitates communication C It is the basis of mutual trust D It inspires mutual respect 3 why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take A To ensure we make responsible choices B To avoid being overwhelmed by stress C so that we don t break any rules D so that we don t run into trouble 4 Violation of a rule is misconduct even if A it has caused no harm B it is claimed to be unintentional C it has gone unnoticed D it is committed with good intentions 5 What should one do if he doesn t wish to fool himself A Avoid making excuses B Listen to other people s advice C Make his intensions public D Have others watch over his shoulder 6 Those who take risks they regret later on A will often become more cautious B are usually very aggressive C value immediate benefits most D may lose everything in the end 7 According to the author a cheater who doesn t get caught right a way will A pay more dearly B become more confident C be widely admired D feel somewhat lucky 8 Cheaters at exam don t care about their education all they care about is how to stealing a grade 9 Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people s honesty and good faith 10 Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political lea ders as a result of the Watergate scandal PartPart IIIIII ListeningListening ComprehensionComprehension 35 35 minutes minutes SectionSection A A DirectionsDirectionsDirectionsDirections In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long con versations At the end of each conversation one or more questions will be aske d about what was said Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken o nly once After each question there will be a pause During the pause you must read the four choices marked A B C and D and decide which is the best a nswer Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡注意 此部分试题请在答题卡 2 2 上作答上作答 11 A He is careless about his appearance B He is ashamed of his present condition C He changes jobs frequently D He shaves every other day 12 A Jane may be caught in a traffic jam B Jane should have started a little earlier C He knows what sort of person Jane is D He is irritated atJane 13 A Training for the Mid Atlantic Championships B Making preparations for a trans Atlantic trip C Collecting information about baseball games D Analyzing their rivals on field performance 14 A He had a narrow escape in a car accident B He is hospitalized for a serious injury C He lost his mother two weeks ago D He has been having a hard time 15 A The woman has known the speaker for a long time B The man had difficulty understanding the lecture C The man is making a fuss about nothing D The woman thinks highly of the speaker 16 A He has difficulty making sense of logic B Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects C The woman should seek help from the tutoring service D Tutoring services are very popular with students 17 A Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill s B Jill missed her class last week C Jill wore the overcoat last week D She is in the same class as the man 18 A A computer game B An imaginary situation C An exciting experience D A vacation by the sea QuestionsQuestions 1919 toto 2121 areare basedbased onon thethe conversationconversation youyou havehave justjust heardheard 19 A Beautiful scenery in the countryside B Dangers of cross country skiing C Pain and pleasure in sports D A sport he participates in 20 A He can t find good examples to illustrate his point B He can t find a peaceful place to do the assignment C He doesn t know how to describe the beautiful country scenery D He can t decide whether to include the effort part of skiing 21 A New ideas come up as you write B Much time is spent on collecting data C A lot of effort is made in vain D The writer s point of view often changes QuestionsQuestions 2222 toto 2525 areare basedbased onon thethe conversationconversation youyou havehave justjust heardheard 22 A Journalist of a local newspaper B Director of evening radio programs C Producer of television commercials D Hostess of the weekly Business World 23 A He ran three restaurants with his wife s help B He and his wife did everything by themselves C He worked both as a cook and a waiter D He hired a cook and two local waitresses 24 A He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays B He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers C He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year D He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers 25 A The restaurant location B The restaurant atmosphere C The food variety D The food price SectionSection B B DirectionsDirections In this section you will hear 3 short passages At the end of each passage you will hear some questions Both the passage a nd the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡注意 此部分试题请在答题卡 2 2 上作答 上作答 PassagePassage OneOne QuestionsQuestions 2626 toto 2828 areare basedbased onon thethe conversationconversation youyou havehave justjust hearhear d d 26 A Its protection is often neglected by children B It cannot be fully restored once damaged C There are many false notions about it D There are various ways to protect it 27 A It may make the wearer feel tired B It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults C It can lead to the loss of vision in children D It can permanently change the eye structure 28 A It can never be done with high technology B It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight C It is a major achievementin eye surgery D It can only be partly accomplished now PassagePassage TwoTwo QuestionsQuestions 2929 toto 3131 areare basedbased onon thethe passagepassage youyou havehave justjust heardheard 29 A They think they should follow the current trend B Nursing homes are well equipped and convenient C Adult day care centers D They have jobs and other commitments 30 A They don t want to use up all their life savings B They fear they will regret it afterwards C They would like to spend more time with them D They don t want to see their husbands poorly treated 31 A Provide professional standard care B Be frank and seek help from others C Be affectionate and cooperative D Make use of community facilities PassagePassagePassagePassage ThreeThreeThreeThree QuestionsQuestionsQuestionsQuestions 32323232 totototo 35353535 areareareare basedbasedbasedbased onononon thethethethe passagepassagepassagepassage youyouyouyou havehavehavehave justjustjustjust heardheardheardheard 32 A Health and safety conditions in the workplace B Rights and responsibilities of company employees C Common complaints made by office workers D Conflicts between labor and management 33 A Replace its out dated equipment B Improve the welfare of affected workers C Follow the government regulations strictly D Provide extra health compensation 34 A They requested to transfer toasafer department B They quit work to protect their unborn babies C They sought help from union representatives D They wanted to work shorter hours 35 A To show how they love winter sports B To attract the attention from the media C To protect against the poor working conditions D To protect themselves against the cold weather SectionSectionSectionSection C C C C DirectionsDirectionsDirectionsDirections In this section you will hear a passage three times When the passag e is read for the first time you should listen carefully for its general idea When th e passage is read for the second time you are required to fill in the blanks numbe red from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main p oints in your own words Finally when the passage is read for the third time you should check what you have written 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡注意 此部分试题请在答题卡 2 2 2 2 上作答 上作答 Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one time slows do wn when you are on the move It also slows down more as you move fast er which means astronauts 宇航员 someday may 36 so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the 37 future If you could move at the speed of light your time wo uld stand still If you could move faster than light your time would move 38 Although no form of matter yet 39 moves as fast as or fas ter than light 40 experiments have already confirmed tha t accelerated 41 causes a traveler s time to be stretched Albert Einstein 42 this in 1905 when he 43 the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativ ity A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter 44 An obsession 沉迷 with time saving gaining wasting losi ng and mastering it 45 Humanity al so has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time Eins tein 46 Thus time and time s relat ivity are measurable by any hourglass alarm clock or an atomic cloc k that can measure a billionth of a second PartPart ReadingReading ComprehensionComprehension Reading Reading inin Depth Depth 25 25 minutes minutes SectionSection A A Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is ide ntified by letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre YouYou maymay notnot useuse anyany of the words in the bank more than once Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage With the world s population estimated to grow from six to nine bi llion by 2050 researchers businesses and governments are already de aling with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure 基础设施 and jobs Underling all this 47 will be the demand for energy which is expected to double over th e next 40 years Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48 sustainable w ay is the cornerstone 基石 of our nation s energy security and wil l be one of the major 49 of the 21st century Alternative forms of en ergy bio fuels wind and solar to name a few are 50 being funded an d developed and will play a growing 51 in the world s energy supply But experts say that even when 52 alternative energy sources will likely meet on