湖州师范学院2011届学位英语考试试卷四.pdf

湖州师范学院2011届学位英语考试试卷四 Part I Reading Comprehension 40 Section A Fast Reading Thomas Jefferson the third President of the United States may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln but most people remember at last one fact about him he wrote the Declaration of Independence Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago there is much that we learn from him today Here are some of the things he said and wrote Go and see Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important When still a young man he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject Jefferson got into a canoe and made on the spot observations You can learn from everyone By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class Yet in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners servants and waiters Judge for yourself Jefferson refused to accept other people s opinions without careful thought Neither believe nor reject anything he wrote to his nephew because any other person has rejected or believed it Heaved has given you a mind for judging truth and error Use it Jefferson felt that the people may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false and to form a correct judgment Do what you believe is right In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas and this is a source of strength It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism he never answered his critics He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend There are two sides to every question If you take one side with decision and on it with effect those who take the other side will of course resent your actions Trust the future trust the young Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness No society he said can make a perpetual constitution or even a perpetual law The earth belongs to the living generation He did not fear new ideas nor did he fear the future How much pain he remarked has been caused by evils which have never happened I expect the best not the worst I steer my ship with hope leaving fear behind Jefferson s courage and idealism were based on knowledge He probably knew more than any other man of his age Of all Jefferson s many talents one is central He was above all a good and tireless writer His complete works now being published for the first time will fill more than fifty volumes His talent as an author was soon discovered and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776 the task of writing it was his Millions have thrilled to his words We hold these truths to be self evident that all men are created equal 1 Thomas Jefferson is no more famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln but he was mostly remembered as the writer of the Declaration of Independence N 2 It was Jefferson who helped Lafayette to get a better understanding of the French people and the oncoming revolution 3 Only after careful consideration was Jefferson willing to accept other people s opinions 4 Jefferson was for many years the target of strong criticism and he battled against it with his own unique philosophy 5 Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs because they had all lost their usefulness Section B Reading in Depth Passage one Life really should be one long journey of joy for children who are born with a world of wealth at their tiny feet But experts on psychological research now believe that silver spoons can leave a bitter taste If suicide statistics are a sign of happiness then the rich are a miserable lot Figures show that it is the rich who most often do away with themselves Dr Robert Coles an internationally famous doctor is the world s top expert on the influence of money on children He has written a well received book on the subject The Privileged 享有特权的 Ones and his research shows that too much money in the family can cause as many problems as too little Obviously there are certain advantages to being rich says the 53 year old doctor such as better health education and future work expectation But most important is the quality of family life Money can t buy love It can buy a lot of other things though and that s where the trouble starts Rich kids have so much to choose from that they often become confused Their parents over favoring can make them spoiled They tend to travel more than other children from home to home and country to country which often makes them feel restless But privileged children do have a better sense of their positions in the world adds Mr Coles and they are more self assured Today s rich parents perhaps have realized that their riches can be more of a burden than a favor to their children So their priority 优先考虑的事 is to ensure that their families are as rich in love as they are in money 6 According to the passage children of rich families A enjoy traveling B can buy love C usually commit suicide D are not always happy 7 Dr Robert Coles believes that A being rich has as many advantages as being poor B rich children often get too little entertainment C rich children sometimes can t enjoy the thing they are most in need of D rich children aren t given enough things 8 Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage A It is love that is always lacking in rich and poor families alike B Silver spoons can sometimes leave a bitter taste C Money can t buy everything D Rich children are often confused because they have so much to choose from 9 The expression silver spoons in Paragraph 1 means A very expensive spoons B rich people C wealth D spoons made of silver 10 This article is written mainly to tell readers that A the rich are most likely to do away with themselves B money can bring a lot of things including love C life is always happy for children of rich parents D rich parents should realize what is important in the family is love rather than money Passage Two As the pace of life continues to increase we are fast losing the art of relaxation Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift being on the go from morning till night it is hard to slow down But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body Stress is a natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it In fact it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual Some people are not afraid of stress and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties When exposed to stress in whatever form we react both chemically and physically In fact we make choice between fight or flight and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme but however little the stress it involves the same response It is when such a reaction lasts long through continued exposure to stress that health becomes endangered Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress Since we cannot remove stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could we need to find ways to deal with it 11 People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because A they do not know how to enjoy themselves B they do not believe that relaxation is important for health C they are travelling fast all the time D they are becoming busier with their work 12 According to the writer the most important character for a good manager is his A not fearing stress B knowing the art of relaxation C high sense of responsibility D having control over performance 13 Which of the following statements is true A We can find some ways to avoid stress B Stress is always harmful to people C It is easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work D Different people can withstand different amounts of stress 14 In Paragraph 3 such a reaction refers back to A making a choice between flight or fight B reaction to stress both chemically and physically C responding to crises quickly D losing heart at the signs difficulties 15 In the last sentence of the passage do so refers to A expose ourselves to stress B find ways to deal with stress C remove stress from our lives D established links between diseases and stress Passage Three Anne Whitney a sophomore at Colorado State University first had a problem taking tests when she began college I was always well prepared for my tests Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test Yet I would go in to take the test only to find I could not answer the questions correctly I would blank out because of nervousness and fear I couldn t think of the answer My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher Another student in microbiology had similar experiences He said My first chemistry test was very difficult Then on the second test I sat down to take it and I was so nervous that I was shaking My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil I knew the material and I knew the answers Yet I couldn t have even written them down These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety Because a student worries and it uneasy about a test his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does The student can t write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits sometimes test anxiety causes the low grades Recently test anxiety had been recognized as a real problem not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students Special university counseling courses try to help students In these courses counselors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety At some universities students take tests to measure their anxiety If the tests show their anxiety is high the students can take short courses to help them deal with their tension These courses teach students how to relax their bodies Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations By controlling their nervousness they can let their minds work at ease Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test An expert at the University of California explains With almost all students relaxation and less stress are felt after taking out program Most of then experience better control during their tests Almost all have some improvement With some the improvement is very great 16 To blank out is probably A to be like a blanket B to be sure of an answer C to be unable to think clearly D to show knowledge to the teacher 17 Poor grades are usually the result of A poor hygienic habits B laziness C lack of sleep D inability to form good study habits 18 Test anxiety has been recognized as A an excuse for laziness B the result of poor habits C a real problem D something that can t be changed 19 To deal with this problem students say they want to A take a short course on anxiety B read about anxiety C be able to manage or understand their anxiety D take test to prove they are not anxiety 20 A University of California counselor said A all students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety program B almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California counseling course C students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety course D students found it easy to relax as soon as they entered a University of California counseling course Part II Vocabulary and Structure 10 21 John s news report covering the conference was so that nothing had been omitted A clear B understandable C comprehensive D protective 22 Every part of a new car should be carefully checked before A assembly B application C combination D input 23 The children will not be allowed to go with us if they don t themselves better A direct B declare C behave D conduct 24 He was given pay for working overtime A over B double C less D equal 25 They us to a swimming contest A invaded B appealed C challenged D charged 26 When she was dead many of her friends came to attend her A meeting B funeral C ceremony D bury 27 The officer the suspect to wait at the scene of the crime A allowed B forced C persuaded D enabled 28 He had waited so long that he became A impatient B patient C quiet D reserved 29 It is to eat hot foods in Chongqing city A casual B typical