2014年职称英语考试理工类A级模拟试题三备考指南.doc

2014年职称英语考试理工类A级模拟试题三一、词汇选项。下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1 These are their motives for doing itA reasonsB excusesC answersD plans2 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn westA twistsB stretchesC broadensD bends3 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.A abuseB flavor C temptationD consumption4 These programmes are of immense value to old people.A naturalB fatalC tinyD enormous5 A great deal has been done to remedy the situationA maintainB improveC assessD protect6 John is collaborating with Mary in writing an articleA cooperatingB competingC combiningD arguing7 He is determined to consolidate his powerA strengthenB controlC abandonD exercise8 Many scientists have been probing psychological problemsA solvingC settlingB exploringD handling9 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habitsA removedB curedC worsenedD relieved10 And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factoryA functionsC motionsB faultsD parts11 The food is insufficient for three people.A instantB infiniteC inexpensiveD inadequate12 Thousands of people perished in the storm.A diedB sufferedC floatedD scattered13 But in the end he approved of our proposalA undoubtedlyB certainlyC ultimatelyD necessarily14 For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business.A strangeB complexC personalD funny15 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.A evaluationB efficiencyC productionD publicity二、阅读判断。阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了6个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。ComputersBefore the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a companys activities. The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used. Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments. In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company. On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies. Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities. In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States one for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station. In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work. However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers. Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work; how they are developed; their limitations and costs; and the manner in which information systems may be used. Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.16 Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shopA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 One thing that managers do not have to understand is how computers work.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned三、概括大意与完成句子。下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。LED LightingAn accidental discovery announced recently has taken LED lighting to a new level, suggesting it could soon offer a cheaper, longer-lasting alternative to the traditional light bulb. The breakthrough adds to a growing trend that is likely to eventually make Thomas Edisons bright invention1 obsolete. LEDs are already used in traffic lights, flashlights, and architectural lighting. They are flexible and operate less expensively than traditional lighting.Michael Bowers, a graduate student at Vanderbilt University, was just trying to make really small quantum dots, which are crystals generally only a few nanometers big. Quantum dots contain anywhere from 100 to 1,000 electrons. Theyre easily excited bundles of energy, and the smaller they are, the more excited they get. Each dot in Bowers particular batch was exceptionally small, containing only 33 or 34 pairs of atoms.When you shine a light on quantum dots or apply electricity to them, they react by producing their own light, normally a bright, vibrant color. But when Bowers shined a laser on his batch of dots, something unexpected happened. He was surprised when a white glow covered the table. The quantum dots were supposed to emit blue light4, but instead they were giving off a beautiful white glow.Then Bowers and another student got the idea to stir the dots into polyurethane and coat a blue LED light bulb with the mix. The lumpy bulb wasnt pretty, but it produced white light similar to a regular light bulb.LEDs produce twice as much light as a regular 60 watt bulb and burn for over 50.000 hours. The Departmentof Energy estimates LED lighting could reduce U. S. energy consumption for lighting by 29 percent by 2025. LEDs dont emit heat, so theyre also more energy efficient. And theyre much harder to break.Quantum dot mixtures could be painted on just about anything and electrically excited to produce a rainbow of colors t including white. The main light source of the future will almost surely not be a bulb. It might be a table, a wall, or even a fork.23. Paragraph 1_24. Paragraph 3_25. Paragraph 5_26. Paragraph 6_A. LED Lighting Is Not MatureB. LED Lighting Will Replace Traditional LightingC. Almost Everything Could Be the Main Light Source in the FutureD. LED Lighting Has Many AdvantagesE. Bowers Made an Unexpected DiscoveryF. LED Light Bulbs Look Lumpy27. Unlike traditional lighting, LEDs do not give out heat so_.28. Edisons bright invention is likely to be outdated because_.29. Something unexpected happened during Bowers experiment when_.30. Over one quarter of energy consumption for lighting could be saved by 2025 if .A. traditional lighting is less durable and dearerB. a laser excited the quantum dotsC. America adopted LEDsD. graduate students work hardE. quantum dot mixtures are magicF. it is more efficient四、阅读理解。下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, but its not much fun and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can he made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11, 000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted nil their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes.“This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly.” say Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says.If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they live longer, but theyre hungry,” he says, “Even seeing what a diet does , its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: I can only cat half of that.”Spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of caloric restriction.31. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Eating less than usual might make us live longer.B. we go on A diet when old, we may keep healthy.C. Dieting might not be needed.D. We have to begin dieting since childhood.32. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?A. To describe the influence or old age on mice.B. To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.C. To tell us how mices liver genes behave.D. To inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.33. What can he inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?A. They will not experience free radical production.B. They will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime.C. They have more old liver genes to behave like young genes.D. They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.34. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?A. The mice that started dieting in old age.B. 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.C. Calorie restriction that works in people.D. Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.35. According 10 the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes thatA. calorie restriction is very important to young people.B. seeing the effect of a diet, people will like to eat less than normal.C. dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.D. drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction.第二篇SnowflakesYouve probably heard that no two snowflakes are alike. Of course, nobody has ever confirmed that statement by examining every one of the estimated one septillion snowflakes that drift to Earth each year. Still, Kenneth Libbrecht, a professor at the California Institute of Technology, is confident that the statement is true.Snowflakes arent flaky, says Libbrecht. At their basic level, theyre crystalline. The lattice of every snowflake is six-sided in shape. The simplest snow crystals are six-sided flat plates and six-sided columns. Such crystals are common in places where the air is extremely cold and dry. Snow crystals acquire their special beauty when their simple six-sided symmetry blossoms. Under the right conditions, each of the six corners of a crystal sprouts1 what is called an arm. In a matter of minutes, the arms can become highly ornate and give the crystal a star like appearance.Several factors in the environment affect the shape and growth rate of a snow crystal. One factor is humidity. Crystals grow faster and in more intricate shape as humidity increases. A second factor is air temperature. A snowflake is born when several molecules of water vapor in a cloud land on a speck of dust and freeze to form a simple crystal. As the young crystal bops around in the cloud, it passes through air pockets of varying temperatures. If the crystal passes through a pocket of air that is, say, -15 degrees Celsius, it will grow quickly and sprout six arms says Libbrecht. If the crystal is then tossed into a warmer pocket, one about -100C, the arms tips will stop growing quickly and form six-sided plates. If the crystal then drifts into an even warmer pocket of about -50C, its top and bottom will grow more quickly than its sides and become more column like in shape.In the course of its life span, a snow-crystal might flutter through many warmer and colder pockets, acquiring a complicated and unique growth history. Such a history will give rise to a snowflake that is unlike any other. Each arm on the snowflake will look exactly like every other one, but the crystal itself will be one of a kind.Using his cooling tanks, Libbrecht has learned how to create snow crystals of different shapes - plates, columns, needles, etc. Libbrecht has even refined his techniques so that he can make crystals that look highly similar to one another. Still, he lacks the control to manufacture identical twin snowflakes. A slight difference in humidity and temperature can upset the growth profile of a crystal.36. What does Professor Libbrecht believe to be true?A. No two snowflakes are exactly the same in shape.B. Somebody has examined all the snowflakes that fall on Earth.C. The statement that no two snowflakes are alike is confirmed.D. None of the above.37. What do the simplest snow crystals look like?A. They have six columns.B. They are flaky.C. They are cubic in shape.D. They are six-sided.38. What are the factors that affect the shape and growth rate of a snow crystal?A. Humidity and temperature.B. Water and falling speed.C. Air and altitude.D. Both B and C.39. It can be felt from the description in the 2nd paragraph that the authorA. admires the beauty of the snowflakes.B. dislikes the changing growth history of the snowflakes.C. has a particular feeling for those flower-like crystals.D. likes to compare snowflakes to the stars in the sky.40. Libbrecht is not able toA. create snow crystals of different shapes.B. make crystals that look similar to one another.C. create snowflakes that era exactly alike.D. refine his techniques.第三篇Ford Abandons Electric VehiclesThe Ford motor companys abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology, analysts say.General Motors and Honda ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now announced it will do the same.Three years ago, the company introduced the Think City two-seater car and a golf cart called the THINK or Think Neighhor. It hoped to sell 5,000 cars each year and 10,000 carts. But a lack of demand means only about 1,000 of the cars have been produced, and less than 1,700 carts have been sold so far in 2002.“The bottom line is we dont believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market,” Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday. “We feel we have given electric our best shot.”The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time. General Motors EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range, of about 100 miles.The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives. An electric Toyota RAV4 EV vehicle costs over $42,000 in the US, compared with just $17,000 for the petrol version. Toyota and Nissan are now the only major auto manufacturers to produce electric vehicles.“There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance. Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program, and that is what we will be judging them on,” Roger Higman, a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth, told the Environment News Service.Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well. Hybrid engines offer greater mileage than petrol-only engines, and the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines on vehicle emissions in the US.However, it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit. In June, General Motors and Daimler Chrysler won a court injunction, delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car-makers to offer 100,000 zero-emission and other low-emission vehicles in the state by 2003. Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles.41. What have the Ford motor company, General Motors and Honda done concerning electric cars? A. They have started to produce electric cars.B. They have done extensive research on electric cars.C. They have given up producing electric cars.D. They hav