（通用版）高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 题型专题方略 专题一 阅读理解 第二讲 推理判断题针对训练.doc

推理判断题(一)a(2015山东潍坊市高三一模)can you imagine a world without chocolate？its not something id like to do，so i was relieved to read that theres a university with a programme to safeguard the future of chocolate!the university of reading，in england，has just opened a new clearing house for all the worlds new cocoa varieties.they must be quarantined (进行检疫) before they can be grown.why？cocoa production hit a record high of 4.4 million tons last year but about 30% of the precious crop is regularly lost to pests and diseases.now we dont want that，do we?demand for chocolate has been increasing faster than the world supply of cocoa and researchers think that new varieties are key to solving this problem.the university of reading has been protecting the quality of the new crop since 1985，after it took over the task from the royal botanical gardens in kew，london.and it has improved its facilities.the leader of the institutions cocoa project，professor paul hadley，says，“one of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean，healthy，interesting cocoa material.”the cocoa centre has a collection of 400 plant varieties and their greenhouse uses a lot of energy to keep them in tropical conditions.after up to two years in quarantine，clean and safe seeds are sent to some 20 countries，including several in west africa.thats where 75% of the cocoa used for chocolate worldwide comes from.the crop is extremely important for the local economy：it employs about two million people.professor paul hadley says he works with a small team of skilled technicians who look after the collection.and more of us seem to count on them now.the scientist says，“there is some concern within the industry that demand is increasing constantly，particularly in countries like china，where the standard of living is increasing and people are getting a taste for different chocolates.”【解题导语】本文主要介绍了英国一项保护可可种子的项目。1what is the text mainly about?asafeguarding cocoa seeds.bplanting cocoa seeds worldwide.ckeeping cocoa seeds in greenhouse.dfinding the new market for cocoa.解析：选a。主旨大意题。 根据第一段的第二句“its not something id like to do，so i was relieved to read that theres a university with a programme to safeguard the future of chocolate”及第五段中的“clean and safe seeds”可知，本文主要讲的是英国保护可可种子的项目，即a项正确。2the institutions cocoa project is to _ahave cocoa skin removedboffer more jobs to peoplecensure the quality of cocoadsupply cocoa for two million people解析：选c。推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“the leader of the institutions cocoa project，professor paul hadley，says，one of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean，healthy，interesting cocoa material.”可知，这个机构是要确保可可粉的质量，即c项正确。3what does the last paragraph tell us?athe taste of chocolates is changing.bdemand for cocoa is increasing continually.cpeople are concerned about cocoa varieties.dchinese have a long history of eating chocolates.解析：选b。细节理解题。根据最后一段的关键词“demand is increasing constantly”可知，本段主要讲可可需求的不断增长，即b项正确。4whats the purpose of the text?ato educate. bto advertise.cto warn. dto inform.解析：选d。写作意图题。文章第一段点题，结合全文的整体内容可知，本文主要介绍了英国保护可可种子的项目，属于向读者传递信息的类型，即d项正确。b(2015江西南昌市一模)even if trees cannot walk，they are still on the move.in parts of the arctic，entire forests are moving northward.across the arctic，temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world.as that happens，the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻原) starts has been shifting northward.trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.to do this，plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的)branches low to the ground.the energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they dont have enough energy to make seeds.but as earths climate has been warming，trees no longer have to just grow horizontally.many can instead grow up toward the sky.this takes less energy.and with all that leftover energy，these trees have started producing more seeds.this happens especially in places where white spruce (白云杉) grows.white spruce，which is a north american tree，is quite able to produce a lot of seeds，which can move long distances in the wind.when windblown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line，they eventually can sprout (发芽) new trees.this explains how a forest can move.of course，the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough.but in recent years，the whole planet has been warming.new trees will provide shelters for some snow.keeping the suns rays from making the white surface disappear.instead，the trees absorb the suns heat.this warms the surrounding air.the extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds.that further boosts a forests ability to expand.in addition，more trees will trap more snow，preventing much of it from being blown away.snow can trap heat in the soil below，which encourages trees to grow.the recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line.people worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.【解题导语】本文是一篇科研报告，主要研究了气温升高对北极圈植物的影响。5what is the main cause of the trees in the arctic moving northward?athe shrinking of northern tundra.bthe rising temperature.cthe fierce and cold wind.dthe abundant resources in the north.解析：选b。 细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“across the arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world”以及本段的整体内容可知，不断上升的气温是北极圈树木北移的主要原因，即b项正确。6what does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 mean?ato produce more seeds.bto move northward.cto respond to the climate change.dto protect themselves from the cold wind.解析：选d。 代词指代题。根据画线词前的“trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind”可知，画线词 this指代的是本句中的“protect themselves from the cold wind”，即d项正确。7what can be inferred from the last paragraph?anew trees can trap the snow，which may make the soil colder.bthe trapped snow prevents new trees from producing more seeds.cnew trees can make the surrounding air warmer.dnew trees can bring more food and shelter for local animals.解析：选c。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“new trees will provide shelters for some snow.keeping the suns rays from making the white surface disappear.instead，the trees absorb the suns heat.this warms the surrounding air”可推知，新树会让周围的空气更加温暖，即c项正确。8the passage is most probably taken from _aa science reportba health reportca fashion magazine da childrens magazine解析：选a。文章出处题。根据文章的整体内容可推知，本文主要研究的是气候变暖对北极圈植物的影响，故该文应选自科研报告，即a项正确。c(2016河北七校高三联合考试)high heels，coffee cups and dogs have been regarded as three of the most dangerous things to have in a car.while men were responsible for the greater number of accidents reported，women played their part by driving in high heels.putting fashion over function meant 44 percent of female motorists had been prevented from using the pedals correctly by their high heels.being keen on a caffeine kick while driving can also create an accident if they leave empty coffee cups lying around their vehicles.twenty percent of those surveyed admitted they had crashed their cars or had a near miss after a deserted coffee cup or an empty drink bottle rolled under their brake pedals.however，it is not just wearing and eating that cause a threat from inside the car; mans best friend could also cause a catastrophe if not safely secured.one in eight motorists claimed to have had a scrape(擦伤) or miss on the road due to their dogs wandering freely，climbing into the front seat or trying to escape through the windows.the accidents meant drivers took their eyes off the road for more than three seconds each time，according to the poll of 2，000 british motorists.the survey has found drivers will pick up an average bill of 261.47 for the damage caused by every crash.londoners were the most at risk of an accident closely followed by motorists in the west midlands and wales.janet connor，a managing director，said many accidents could be avoided if people cleaned their cars regularly，as one in ten drivers involved in crashes admitted to driving inside a mountain of waste materials.she said，“the possible dangers and distractions outside the car are wellknown but as the evidence suggests，those within the car are often forgotten.”【解题导语】本文介绍了开车时最危险的三种东西：高跟鞋、咖啡杯以及狗，并告诉我们在开车时应该多关注这些危险的东西。9what mistake do women drivers most probably make while driving?athey wear expensive clothes.bthey wear shoes with high heels.cthey drink too much coffee in cars.dthey take their dogs without tying them.解析：选b。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“women played their part by driving in high heels”可知，女性驾车所犯的错误是穿高跟鞋，故选b项。10those who like drinking coffee often have accidents because_athe coffee may make them feel faintbthe coffee may make the car smell terriblecempty coffee cups may make the brake failddeserted bottles look the same as brake pedals解析：选c。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“twenty percent of those surveyed admitted they had crashed their cars or had a near miss after a deserted coffee cup or an empty bottle rolled under their brake pedals”可推知，空的咖啡杯可能造成刹车失灵，故选c项。11why shouldnt drivers put their dogs in the car while driving?adogs may bark loudly if seeing traffic lights.bdogs may walk around or even try to escape.cdogs may break the windows to get fresh air.ddogs may make the inside of the car dirty.解析：选b。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“one in eight motorists claimed to have had a scrape(擦伤) or miss on the road due to their dogswandering freely，climbing into the front seat or trying to escape through the windows”可知，狗可能到处走动或从窗户逃跑，故选b项。12we can mainly learn from the passage that _apeople often neglect the dangers outside the carbaccidents will be avoided if cars are cleaned regularlycdangers within the car should be given more attention todonly 10% of the drivers remember to keep their cars clean解析：选c。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“the possible dangers and distractions outside the car are wellknown but as the evidence suggests，those within the car are often forgotten”可推知，车内的这些潜在的危险和使人分心的事情也是事故发生的原因，但是经常被人们忘记，所以需要我们给予更多的关注，故选c项。(二)a(2016河北唐山市高三统一考试)hybrid cars(混合动力车) are cars that run on petrol and electricity.they have a small standard petrol engine and a battery(电池) electric motor to provide electric power.there are some differences between different models of hybrid cars，but the general principle is that the car runs on petrol，and the electric motor kicks in when additional power is required，for example，when going uphill or accelerating.in some hybrid cars the petrol engine turns itself off when not needed，for example when the car has stopped at traffic lights，keeping only the electric engine running.conventional cars have large engines to deal with driving uphill and accelerating.hybrid cars have much smaller petrol engines，improved by electric motors when needed，so they use less petrol.another way that fuel consumption is cut is by a system of “regenerative (再生的) braking”the electric motor is used to slow down the car，rather than conventional brakes.the energy produced by slowing the car is changed into electrical power，which is automatically stored in the battery.in effect，the battery recharges when you brake.in conventional cars the energy produced when braking is wasted.in 1928，ferdinand porsche built an experimental hybrid car.the first massproduced hybrid car，the toyota prius，came out in japan at the end of 1997.however，hybrid cars became availablein the usa only in 1999.as they use less fuel，hybrid cars are cheaper to run.there are also many voices in place to encourage people to buy them.in some countries，hybrid car owners pay a lower rate of tax，and dont have to pay on certain roads.in some cities，hybrid cars are allowed to park for free.【解题导语】文章介绍了以汽油和电为动力的混合动力车，它是一种节约能源的汽车。1hybrid cars consume less energy than conventional cars because hybrid cars _ahave large engines to deal with acceleratingbhave conventional brakes to slow down the carchave no energy consumption when stoppingdhave electric power to assist when needed解析：选d。细节理解题。根据第三段中的第二句“hybrid cars have much smaller petrol engines，improved by electric motors when needed，so they use less petrol”可知，混合动力车必要时有电力支持，所以消耗较少的能源。2in regenerative braking，_athe conventional brakes are used to slow down the carbenergy wasted in conventional cars is stored in the batterycthe battery charges itself when the car is accelerating dthe petrol engine is usually turned off automatically 解析：选b。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，混合动力车用电动马达减速而不是用传统的刹车，电动马达降低车速时产生的电能会被自动储存在电池里，而传统汽车浪费了刹车时产生的能量，由此可知b项表述正确。3from the last paragraph we can learn that hybrid cars _awill gain more popularitybwere first available in the usacfree their owners from taxdare free to park anywhere in the city解析：选a。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“as they use less fuel，hybrid cars.for free”可推知，使用混合动力车有很多好处，所以混合动力车会很受欢迎。4the main purpose of this text is to _ashow how hybrid cars slow downbencourage people to buy hybrid carscinform people of a kind of energysaving cardexplain why hybrid cars use less energy解析：选c。写作意图题。该文主要介绍了一种节约能源的车混合动力车，应选择c。b(2015河南郑州市第二次质检)beauty is only skin deep.this expression means that beauty is only a temporary surface quality.some beauty products can cause lasting damage that goes far below the surface of the skin.in america，many people use sunlight and nonnatural light to darken their skin.health experts advise people against what is called “tanning” because of its links to skin cancer.in the african country of senegal (塞内加尔)，some women take health risks trying to do just the_oppositean average beauty supply shop in dakar has many kinds of skinlightening creams and soaps.the world health organization says that 25% of senegalese women use skinlightening products on a usual basis.these products can contain chemicals，like mercury (汞)，hydroquinone (对苯二酚)，etc.these are dangerous ingredients that can cause cancer and possibly other physical damage to the skin.they can actually burn the eyes and skin.shop worker adama diagne advises her visitors to avoid the stronger products that promise fast results.she uses a cream that is made from carrots，not the strong chemical，hydroquinone.she says that it is a personal choice and that no one pressures her.some women want to be black every day，but for her，she likes to be a shade of brown.women in senegal say they lighten their skin for the same reason that women all over the world make changes to their appearance.they say they want to look beautiful，to find a husband，to stand out in a crowd or simply to look great for a special event.this thinking troubles senegalese filmmaker khardiata pouye sall.so，she made “this color that bothers me”，a film about the subject of skin lightening.she said，“i used the most shocking images so that women would see the dangers.it is hard to understand why a woman says that dark skin is not beautiful.it is in their heads.they want to please a man，to be loved or they want to please society，to succeed.”ms.sall says that the government needs to better control the marketing and the sale of skinlightening products.but she adds that education is the best way to persuade people against using them.【解题导语】塞内加尔的女性为了美使用一些化学产品带来了极大的危害。5the underlined part “the opposite” in paragraph 2 means some senegalese women _ause sunlight to darken skinbtry creams to prevent skin cancercuse products to lighten their skindtake health risks to become beautiful解析：选c。词义猜测题。根据第二段的第一句“in america，many people use sunlight and nonnatural light to darken their skin”可推知，塞内加尔的一些女性正好和美国人相反，与“darken their skin”相反，故c项正确。6according to adama diagne，women shouldnt believe _abeauty is just a personal choiceba cream from carrots is healthiercit is beautiful to be black every dayda product can make you beautiful quickly解析：选d。细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“shop worker adama diagne advises her visitors to avoid the stronger products that promise fast results”可知，adama diagne不赞同人们用快速见效的美容产品，即d项正确。7we can infer that women in senegal _aattract attention with shocking imagesbdont consider dark skin to be beautifulcfind it hard to understand the true beautydput beauty in the first place in their heads解析：选b。推理判断题。根据第六段的“it is hard to understand why a woman says that dark skin is not beautiful”可推知，塞内加尔的女性并不认为黑皮肤是漂亮的，即b项正确。8what is ms.salls attitude towards skinlightening products?aunsupportive.bcasual.cresponsible. dpositive.解析：选a。推理判断题。根据第六段的“i used the most shocking images so that women would see the dangers” 以及最后一段的内容可推知，ms.sall对亮肤的产品持不赞成的态度，即a项正确。c(2016辽宁沈阳市第一次教学质量检测)being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%，according to new ucl research carried out as part of the public health research centre.the study，published in jama psychiatry，found a twoway relationship between depression and physical activity.people who increased their weekly activity were reported to have fewer depressive symptoms but those with more depressive symptoms were less active，particularly at younger ages.researchers followed 11，135 people born in 1958 up until the age of 50，recording depressive symptoms and levels of physical activity at regular intervals in adulthood.they found that each additional activity period per week reduced odds of depression by 6%.in england 19% of men and 26% of women are currently classed as “inactive”，and this study suggests that activity could significantly improve their mental as well as physical health.“assuming the association is causal，physical activity has a protective effect against depression.if an adult between his twenties and forties who isnt physically active became active 3 times per week，he would reduce his ris