10-21课词语精讲.doc

石油系统职称英语词语精讲 东北石油大学外语学院 安丽娜Lesson 10 Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest Fever1. fall over 1) 意外地从上跌落, 掉下来 The car fell over a cliff and the driver was drowned.汽车从悬崖上翻下来, 司机溺水而亡。2) 被绊倒 He fell over a rock in his path. 他在小路上被一块石头绊倒了。3) 迫不及待做某事 Mother fell over herself to get the party ready.母亲急切地为聚会做准备。4) 落在之外 The ball fell over the line.球落在线外。2. derive vt. & vi.1) 得到; （从中）得到获得 He derives his income from freelance work.他以自由职业获取收入。2）源于 He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father.他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。Many English words are derived from Latin.许多英语词汇源于拉丁文。3）（从中）提取3take the place of代替 1) It would be difficult to find a man to take the place of the secretary.找一个代替秘书的人会很难的。2) By and by electricity will take the place of coal.不久以后, 电将取代煤。take place发生; 举行；进行 The threatening strike did not take place after all.可能来临的罢工终究没有发生。The evening party will take place on New Years Eve.晚会将在除夕那天举行。4. competitive adj.1) 竞争的, 比赛的 Some kinds of business are competitive.有些商业是要竞争的。2) (指人)好竞争的, 求胜心切的 He is a competitive athlete.他是位竞技意识强的运动员。3) (价格等)有竞争力的 Because of the high exchange rate, our products have lost their competitive edge.由于汇率很高, 我们的产品失去了竞争优势。lesson 11 Smoking and Cancer1. EqualEqualityEquatorCompare toCompeteCompetitionCompetitiveIsolateRelateRelative相对的;比较的RelativityRelevantVaporConsumerCauseCasual1. beyond doubt2. competent有能力的, 能胜任的,称职的 He did a competent job.他的工作做得相当出色。He is competent to do it.他能做这件事。3. be sure of确信5. Coincidence巧合，巧事,（意见等的）相同, 符合, 同时存在；并存by coincidence碰巧， 由于巧合 By coincidence, we arrived here at the same time 我们凑巧一同到达这儿。a mere coincidence巧合what a coincidence！ 多么凑巧的事情啊！6.die from死于(某种原因, 不包括疾病、过度悲伤等) In a severe winter, wild animals can die from lack of food.在寒冷的冬天, 野兽可能因为缺乏食物而饿死。die of死于(疾病、过度悲伤等) People are dying of cancer more and more often.死于癌症的人越来越多了。My grandmother died of grief soon after her husbands death.祖父去世不久, 祖母就因悲伤过度而死了。die of 强烈地感受到 I am dying of hunger.我的肚子饿极了。The children are dying of curiosity to see whats in the parcel.孩子们出于好奇, 迫不及待地想看看包裹中是什么东西。Lesson 12 The Positive Meanings of Love1. hold back1) 阻碍, 阻止 He was so impatient that I could hardly hold him back.他是那样急躁, 我简直拉不住他。They built dam to hold back the rising flood waters.他们修筑了堤坝来阻挡上涨的洪水。2) 控制; 抑制 She couldnt hold back her tears any longer and wept aloud.她再也忍不住了, 大声哭泣起来。3) 隐瞒, 保留 They felt that she was holding back something.他们感觉她有些话没说出来。4) 犹豫不决 She held back, not knowing what to do or say.她犹豫起来, 不知该做什么或该说什么。2. capable adj.有能力的, 有技能的He is a manager capable of leadership.他是个富有领导才能的经理。Jim is capable at sports.吉姆擅长运动。3 in this sense 从这个意义上说Tolerance in this sense does not imply respect. 从这种角度来看，宽容并不意味着尊敬。In a sense在某种意义上Make sense有道理；有意义, 是明智的4. reserve vt.1) 保留储备某物Well reserve the ticket for you till tomorrow noon.票为您保留到明天中午。2) 具有或保持(某种权利)The management reserves the right to refuse admission.资方有权拒绝接纳。3) 预订或保留(座位、住处等); 订购These seats are reserved for teachers.这些座位是留给老师的。n. 贮藏; 储备; 保护区We must keep back a reserve of food.我们必须贮存一些食品。This area was once a wildlife reserve.该地区曾是一个野生动物保护区。5. prohibit vt.禁止; 阻止The high cost prohibits the widespread use of the drug.该药昂贵, 影响广泛应用。Rainy weather and fog prohibited flying.多雨的天气和雾妨碍了飞行。He prohibited us from leaving.他不让我们离开。The tourists are prohibited from getting on the island.旅游者被禁止登上那个小岛。Lseeon 13Does Exercise have Unexpected Benefits?1. success n. 成功 succeed v. 成功派生词successive (adj.) 连续的；继承的 successor (n.) 继任者heira succession of一系列，一连串a succession of failure一系列/连续的失败the succession of the seasons四季的接续The team has had five successive victories这支队已经连续5次取得胜利了。His successor is a young fellow.他的继任是个年轻小伙子。2. primary a. chief; main What is your primary objective this term?Primary training 初步训练primary commodity天然产品 primary education初等/小学教育secondary education中等/中学教育Tertiary educationt:ri 高等教育3. vigorous adj.强度大的，剧烈的；有力的, 精力充沛的She made a vigorous speech in defence of her boyfriend.她为她的男朋友做了有力的辩护。The old man is still vigorous and lively.那老人依然精力充沛。4. provide v. 1）provide sb. with sth. Sheep provide us with wool.羊供给我们羊毛。2）provide sth. for sb.He works hard to provide food and clothes for his family. 他努力工作养家糊口。5. in response to We should protect the environment in response to the call.我们应该响应号召，保护环境。He went to open the door in response to a knock.听到有人敲门，他走过去开门。 6. attribute v. attribute to = believe that sth. was caused or done by sb./sth.Terry attributes his success to hard work.Terrys success is attributed to hard work.特里认为他成功的原因是努力工作。 7. burn off steam 发泄精力/情绪Regular exercise helps to fight against unwanted stress and is a good way of relaxing or burning off steam.经常锻炼有助于减轻不必要的压力, 是一种放松或消除压抑的好办法。 8. equip v. well-equipped travelers装备齐全的游客The room is well equipped这房子装配得很好。We shall equip all schools with new computers in the next year.明年我们要让所有学校配上新计算机。 9. alike a. = similarHe treats all customers alike.他对顾客一视同仁。10. multiply vt. & vi.1) 乘, (使)相乘His son is learning to multiply and divide.他儿子正在学习乘法和除法。One can make 18 by multiplying 3 and 6 (together).以3和6相乘可得18。2) (使)增加Spending on military equipment has multiplied in the last five years.过去的五年中军事装备的开支大大增加。His experience was multiplied as the years passed.随着岁月的流逝, 他的经验丰富了。3）(使)繁殖When animals have more food, they generally multiply faster.动物在有较多的食物时, 一般繁殖得较快。Hot weather multiplied the bacteria in milk rapidly.炎热的天气使牛奶中的细菌迅速繁殖。11. apply to 1).涂抹, 贴 Apply some medicine to his wound.给他的伤口上点药吧。This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上抹脸用。2).适用于 The law applied to all persons.这项法律适用于所有人。These principles apply to learning maths.这些原则适用于学习数学。3).运用 In this way they can better apply theory to practice.这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。4).向申请要求 We applied to the authorities for assistance.我们向当局请求帮助。5).致力于, 专心于 He applied himself to his new job.他努力干好新的工作。12. engage vt. & vi.1)吸引, 占用The line is engaged.占线2）雇, 聘He is engaged at a bank.他受雇于一家银行。The typist is engaged for a week on trial.那位打字员被试用一周。3）答应, 保证He engaged to read the book.他答应看这本书。4）(使)从事于, (使)忙于Please wait a minute, he is engaged just now.请稍等一会儿, 他正有事呢。Be engaged in doing sth.忙于.Lesson14Taking Chances, Making Chances 1. protest v.(against, at, about) 反对，提出异议；抗辩，抗议2gaze at 凝视词汇辨析gaze , stare , glare 这组动词的一般含义是“凝视”。 gaze表示“目不转睛地看”，并含有“惊叹”、“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思： She gazed at it for some time, then added. You dont need bookcases at all.她对地毯凝视了一会儿，然后补充说：“你根本不需要书柜”。 stare特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”，并含有“惊奇”、“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思 The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。 glare表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性的瞪眼睛” The Man in shirt stood outside the house and glared at us.只穿着衬衣的男人站在房子外面瞪着我们。The trapped eagle glared at his captors.被诱捕到的雄鹰凶狠地瞪着捕获它的人。3. pull up1）(使)停下(住)，停车，2) 责备 3) (使)名次提前, 追上 4) 从土里拔出来 5) 把拉过起来The car pulled up outside the inn.轿车在旅馆外面停了下来。If you drive too fast, the police will pull you up.如果你开得太快, 警察就要把你拦住。The pupils are pulling up the weeds.学生们在拔草。 Pull your chair up to the table.把你的椅子挪近桌子。4. take up 1) 拿起; 抱起2) 占去3) 接受(提议)4) 继续She takes up a child under each arm.她一手抱起一个孩子。I wont take up much of your time.我不会占用你很多时间。This thing takes up all my attention.这件事占用我所有的注意力。Id like to take up your offer of a ride into town.我愿接受你的邀请, 搭你的车进城。I put the telephone down and took up my work again.我放下电话继续干我的活。take after 像;仿效;追赶take apart 使分开, 拆开take away 拿走; 夺走; take back 收回(前言，商品); 接回, 带回take down 拿下, 取下， 记录下来take in 吸入; 接受; 欺骗; 理解 接待; 收留 5seek out 找出; 搜出; 挑出He sought out his friend in the crowd.他在人群中找到他的朋友。How can we seek out a really good person for the job?我们怎能找到一个真正适当的人来做这项工作?OriginExceptBilingualSettle vRaiseRise roseAriseArouse vFurBearOweRefineCanned Lesson15 The Province of Alberta1. run through1) 跑着穿过 2) (使)在流过 3) 匆匆查阅 4) 贯穿2分数的表达分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母序数词要用复数1/3 one third2/3 two thirds3/23three twenty-thirds 3/26three twenty-sixths 3. name after以的名字起名The machine is named after its inventor.这台机器是以其发明者的名字命名的。4. owing to由于, 因为Owing to the rain, the match was canceled.因为下雨, 比赛取消了。End in doingLesson 16 The American Way: Family1. gobble vt. & vi.狼吞虎咽地吃to gobble food gobble sth down/up 赶快吃I gobbled down my breakfast and ran out of the house.我狼吞虎咽地吃早餐就跑出屋子。gobble sth up 很快耗掉(尤指金钱)The rent gobbles up half his earnings.租金用去了他一半的收入。Small family businesses are being gobbled up by larger firms.小型家庭企业正被较大的公司吞并。2. stuff vt.以填进, 塞满She stuffed her clothes in the wardrobe.她把衣服塞进衣櫥。Why should you stuff yourself?你为什么要吃得那么多呢?3. refer to1).提及；涉及，谈到，提到；关系到 Dont refer to the matter again.不要再提这件事了。2).暗指 Does your remark refer to all of us?你的评论是针对我们所有的人的吗?3).提交作处理决定 For further particulars, I refer you to my secretary.详情请问我的秘书。He referred the case to the High Court.他把案子提交给高级法庭处理。4).查阅; 参考 Refer to the dictionary when you dont know how to spell a word.当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时, 查阅一下词典。5).(把)归因功于 Some people refer all the troubles to bad luck instead of lack of ability.有些人把自己所有的苦恼都归咎于运气不佳, 而不认为是缺乏能力。The invention of the compass was referred to China.指南针是中国发明的。6).向求助 He never refers himself to us when he has difficulties.他有困难时从不求助于我们。He referred to me for information.他向我打听消息。7). 指而言(as) 称为All his classmates referred to him as “Blackbeard.”他的同学都称他为“黑胡子”。4bring about 造成, 引起导致(某事) Gambling had brought about his ruin.赌博终于毁了他。Major changes will have to be brought about in British industry.英国工业必须实行重大改革。5priority n.优先权, 重点优先考虑的事I have priority.我有优先权。The development of the national economy is a top priority.发展国民经济是应予以最优先考虑的事。6 make an effort to努力，尽力make efforts to do =make every effort to do尽一切努力做某事in an effort to为了完成达成Greg has gone on a diet in an effort to lose some weight.IncludeExcludeExclusiveConclusionutilizeLesson17 Computers Give Big Boosts to Productivity1. deliver vt. & vi.1）递送, 交付The telegram was delivered early this morning.这份电报是今天清晨送到的。The postman delivers letters.邮递员投递信件。2）发言Mr. Smith delivered the opening speech.史密斯先生致开幕词。3）助产The midwife delivered her sister.那位助产护士给她妹妹接生。4）发动, 提出The enemy is going to deliver an attack during the dry season.敌人准备在旱季发动攻势。I delivered a verbal protest against their brutal acts.我对他们的暴行提出口头抗议。5）履行诺言；不负所望；兑现to deliver on ones pledge (or promise)履行诺言2. prod vt. & vi.刺, 戳，刺激;促使She prodded him in the ribs.她捅了捅他的肋骨。prod at (用手指或尖物)戳，捅，杵He prodded at the plate of fish with his fork.他拿叉子戳弄着那盘鱼。 3account for 1）说明解释原因，证明 His illness accounts for his absence.他因为生病, 所以才缺席。Two things account for its occurrence.发生这件事的原因有两个。The disappearance of the papers has never been accounted for.那些文件丢得莫名其妙。How do you account for losing five games in a row?你如何解释一连输了五场比赛呢?2).对.负有责任 3).占有，占.百分比 APEC members account for more than half of the worlds economic output.亚太经合组织成员的经济总量在世界占一半以上。4. out of line 1).不成一条直线 You are out of line with the others.你和其他人不成一条直线。2).不相符, 举止不当 His ideas are out of line with reality.他的想法不切实际。Please excuse me if Im being out of line.如果我有失礼之处请多多见谅。5. level off 1).将弄平, 使平整 When the house was built, the garden had to be leveled off with a big earthmoving machine.建房时得用大型推土机把园子推平。2).使平稳; 使稳定 On reaching 1000 meters, the pilot leveled off.到达1000米高度时, 驾驶员便做水平飞行。After going up for six months, the cost of living leveled off in September.生活费用上涨了六个月以后于九月份稳定下来。Lesson18 The Principles of International Trade1. excess 1) adj. 过量的; 额外的Youll have to pay excess postal charges on this letter.这封信你必须付超重邮资。2) n. 超过, 过多之量An excess of fat in ones diet can lead to heart disease.饮食中脂肪过量能导致心脏病。She was charged an excess of 400 dollars over the amount stated on the bill.向她索取的比账单上显示的数额多400美元。3) 过度, 过分She has an excess of anger.她爱过度地生气。Exceed vt.1) 超过; 超越The driver exceeds the speed limit.那位司机超速驾车。Their total grain output still exceeded that of the previous year.他们的粮食总产量仍超过头一年。2) vi.(在数量、质量上)突出, 领先In the Olympic Games Americans exceeded in basketball.在奥运会上, 美国在篮球方面领先。2. specialize1).专攻, 精通, 以为专业 Many students specialize in engineering.许多学生专攻工程学。The cinema specializes in Italian films.这家电影院专门放映意大利电影。3. comparative adj.比较的, 相比的, 相对的Lets make a comparative study of the two languages.让我们将这两种语言作一下比较研究。After many hardships, he now lives in comparative ease.经过许多困难之后, 他现在的生活相对舒适。Comparable类似的,可比较的, 比得上的A fire is comparable with the sun; both give light and heat.火可以和太阳相比, 两者都可以发光发热。4. vulnerable adj.易受伤的, 脆弱的, 敏感的He volunteered to protect her as she looked so vulnerable.她看上去很脆弱, 他就主动去保护她。Lesson19 A World Without Oil Stop toStop doingRemember to doRemember doingInfect1Run out (of) 用完, 耗尽 Our food soon ran out.我们的粮食很快就吃完了。He ran himself out in the first few circles.他才跑了几圈就没力气了。I run out of breath. 我跑得喘不过气来。 I run out of gas. 我车子汽油用光了。2. be used for sth. Be used to do sth.用来做Be used as sth. Be used to doing sth.习惯于Used to do曾经;过去时常 （而现在不做或没有）We used to be happier. 我们以前很快乐。My family used to be poor. 我家过去很穷。There used to be a tree in front of the gate.3. Head for.朝进发 We saw him heading for us, so we stepped aside.我们看见他向我们走来, 就让到一边。He put on his coat and headed for the door.他穿上大衣向门口走去。4. In order 按次序的; 合乎程序的 The names are arranged in order.姓名按顺序排列。His desk is always in order.他的书桌上总是整整齐齐的。His business affairs are in order.他的业务情况良好5. take /have a head start 领先一步；占优势Joe has a head start. He began to study earlier than we did 乔抢先了一步，他在我们开始之前就已准备功课了。 Hear from Heard巴别塔的故事：根据圣经的创世记第11章，巴别塔是当时人类联合起来兴建，希望能通往天堂的高塔。为了阻止计划，上帝要人类说不同的语言，使人类相互之间不能沟通，计划因此告吹，人类自此各散东西。此故事试图为世上出现不同语言和种族提供解释。 Lesson 20 The Germanic Language1. hear of得悉, 听说hear from收到的来信(或电报等) ; 从听到2. long ago 很久以前,从前3. one another 互相They helped one another. 他们互相帮助。4. in terms of1) 就而言, 从方面说来 He thought of everything in terms of money.他是从钱的角度来看每一件事。2) 用的话，用字眼， 以的措辞He referred to your work in terms of high praise.他对你的工作大加赞扬。3) 根据，依据5. sb. be familiar with sth.熟悉be familiar to sb.被某人熟悉 6. divideinto分成; 分为 The river divides into two streams at this point