中考英语听力部分题型特点透析及答题策略.doc

中考英语听力部分题型特点透析及答题策略 来源： 九江教研网 点击： 11 发布时间： 2011-04-28 10:45:56 中考英语听力部分题型特点透析及答题策略九江市二中 刘玉薇众所周知，语言是人类最重要的交际工具，听是学习语言的先决条件。亚历山大说:“掌握一种语言,首先是听懂,”美国著名的语言教育家W. M. Rivers 曾经做过这样的统计：人们在语言的交际活动中听所占的时间比率为45%，而说、读、写分别占36%、10%和9%, 可见听在交际中的重要性。一、江西中考近三年听力语言材料及知识考点中考语言材料主要涉及与同学们日常学习与生活相关的内容，常见的话题有：天气、购物、职业、家务、交通、运动、旅游、通讯、上学、度假、医疗、招生、招聘、新闻等；常见的问题有：某地是什么天气？做某件事花了多长时间？几点钟在干什么？物品的主人是谁？去某地采用怎样的交通方式？某人在何处？某人的运动爱好是什么？某人打算去做什么或正在做什么？具体内容见下表：1.20082010年江西省中考英语第一大题听力测试A部分选择图片及简短对话知识考点一览表序号知识考点题号题数1时间08T8 09T7 10T6、T742地点08T7 09T2 09T5 10T4 10T1053天气08T1 10T224职业09T1、T1025运动10T316购物08T9 10T927交通方式08T2 09T4 10T138谈论人物09T319谈论物品08T6110询问物主08T5111人际交往098T、T9212人物行为08T3 08T4 08T10096T 10T5 10T86注：这部分简短对话材料一般为12个来回，不会超过3个来回。2.20082010年江西省中考英语第一大题听力测试B部分1116题篇章对话知识考点一览表序号知识考点题号题数1学生英语学习学习困难、见面时间、筛选信息08111332朋友街头聊天人物行为、工作地点、筛选信息08141633假日活动人物行为、见面地点、见面时间09T111334家庭照片确定人物、人物爱好、筛选信息09T141635问路问话地点、人物遭遇、关门时间10T111336家庭周末活动人物关系、耗时长度、目的地10T14163注：篇章对话材料一般为45个来回，最多可达8个来回。3.20082010年江西省中考英语第一大题听力测试B部分1720题独白考查一览表序号知识考点题号题数1旅游信件地点、交通方式、人物行为、人物意愿08T172042招聘演说对象、时间、人物意愿、时间09T172043天气预报天气、人物行为、地点、筛选信息10T172044.20082010年江西省中考英语第一大题听力测试C部分语篇考查一览表序号知识考点题号题数1康复中心通告联系电话、致电时间、买药地点、几路公交、就诊地点 08212552招生广告学校名称、招生对象、开课时间、联系电话、网站名称09212553商场寻人广播人物姓名、人物年龄、人物特征、服饰颜色、房间号码 1021255小结江西中考听力的测试内容及能力特点纵观三年来江西中考试题，听力部分主要测试以下四个方面的内容：1、直接获取信息，听对话或短文从中直接获取信息，筛选出最佳答案，以检查考生快速准确的获取信息的能力；2、准确理解，要求能够理解听到的对话或短文，并完成文后的选择题，以检查考生的快速理解能力；3、分析推断，要求分析所听语言材料中的一个或多个细节，然后进行推断或综合推断，选出最佳选项，以检查考生的分析推断能力；4、听写，要求根据短文内容，补全表格中所缺的单词，以检查考生的听写拼写能力。 中考英语听力的能力特点是：注重考查考生在实际语境中运用英语语言的能力，即要求具有借助语境解决问题的能力，考生应该全面理解语意、排除错误干扰、避免断章取义。在我们对江西中考英语听力部分的命题特点有了一个清楚的认识之后，下面谈谈备考中考的复习策略。二、江西中考英语听力部分的复习策略归纳为以下几点：1.夯实基础、回归课本如果没有扎实的语法功底与习语积累，考生在听时往往会因为概念模糊或者错误理解句子的语法结构而误解句子的本意。而我们初中五本英语教材上的语言材料及课本后的听力材料要多听多读。因为这些材料与考卷上的语言材料有着密切的关系。切实熟悉这些材料，掌握其中的词法、句法，就可轻松应答试题。 初中英语课本共有61个单元，每单元一个话题，谈的都是贴近学生日常生活、学习的话题。比如：七年级下册Uni t6 Its raining. 八年级下册 Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt it? 九年级 Unit 13 Raining days make me sad. 这些话题都与天气有关。而08年中考卷第1题，10年中考卷第2题、第17题也都是谈论天气。再如：七年级上册 Unit 7 How much are the pants?谈购物，而08年中考卷第9题，10年中考卷第9题，谈的也是购物。八年级上册Unit 4 How do you get to school? 谈论交通。而08、09、10年都有试题与交通有关，如08年的第2题第18题，09年的第4题、10年的第1题。由此可见，课本是很重要的复习内容，我们可以把初中课本61个单元划分为以下10个板块进行系统复习，或许效果更佳： Topic One：Talk about people Grade 7 A Unit 1 My name is Gina.Unit 3 This is my sister.Grade 7 B Unit 1 Where is your pen pal from? Unit 4 I want to be an actor. Unit 7 What does he look like? Grade 8 A Unit 6 I am more outgoing than my sister.Topic Two:Talk about preferences Grade 7 A Unit 6 Do you like bananas? Unit 9 Do you want to go to a movie? Unit 12 My favorite subject is science.Grade 7 B Unit 3 Why do you like Koalas? Unit 11 What do you think of game shows?Grade 9 Unit 6 I like music that I can dance to.Topic Three：Talk about daily activies.Grade 8 A Unit 1 How often do you exercise?Unit 4 How do you get to school?Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?Grade 8 B Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?Grade 9 Unit 1 How do you study for a test? Unit 14 Have you packed yet?Topic Four：Talk about the pastGrade 7 B Unit 9 How was your weekend?Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?Grade 8 A Unit 8 How was your school trip?Grade 8 B Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.Grade 9 Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark. Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.Topic Five：Talk about places and timeGrade 7A Unit 4 Wheres my backpack? Unit 8 When is your birthday? Unit 11 What time do you go to school?Grade 7 B Unit 2 Wheres the post office?Grade 8 A Unit 9 When was he born?Grade 9 Unit 7 Where would you like to visit?Topic Six： Talk about things Grade 7 A Unit 2 Is this your pencil? Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball? Unit 7 How much are these pants?Grade 8 A Unit 12 Whats the best radio station?Grade 9 Unit 5 It must belong to Carla. Unit 9 When was it invented?Topic Seven: Talk about what people are/were/have been doing or feelingGrade 7 B Unit 5 Im watching TV.Unit 6 Its raining.Grade 8 B Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt it ?Grade 9 Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad.Topic Eight: Give adviceGrade 7 B Unit 12 Dont eat in class.Grade 8 A Unit 2 Whats the matter?Grade 8 B Unit 2 What should I do? Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?Grade 9 Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. Unit 4 What would you do? Unit 12 Youre supposed to shake hands.Topic Nine: Talk about abilities and requests.Grade 7 A Unit 10 Can you play the guitar?Grade 7 B Unit 8 Id like some noodles.Grade 8 A Unit 5 Can you come to my party? Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?Grade 8 B Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?Grade 9 Unit 11 Could you tell me where the restrooms are?Topic Ten Talk about the futureGrade 8 A Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation? Unit 10 Im going to be a basketball player.Grade 8 B Unit 1 Will people have robots? Unit 5 If you go to the party, you will have a great time.Grade 9 Unit 8 Ill help clean up the city parks. Unit 15 Were trying to save the manatees.2.循序渐进、听说并重 听力理解能力的提高过程是一个循序渐进的过程,贵在坚持。当然，兴趣是学习的动力。对听力感兴趣的同学，在课堂上明显积极主动，心情愉快，听力效果必然好。听与说是相辅相成的，二者是有机的统一体。听与说相结合，会使这两种能力相得益彰，相互促进。鉴于此，我们同学应在各种场合习惯于多听多说英语。英语中也是这样说的：Practice makes perfect. 听力能力的提高必须建立在良好的辨音能力的基础上,考生必须有很好的语音知识,平时可以边听磁带边朗读,有空闲时间看看英文大片，不时地进行模仿等,听说并重,持之以恒,必定能打好听力能力基础.3.形成语感、多样练习听力理解能力包含着阅读理解过程,我们应该抓紧点滴时间、习惯于开口大声朗读、低声细读、默读等，都能增强语感, 增强领悟词法句法功能、分析逻辑关系的能力;练习writing同样能巩固并提高大家已学的语言知识和能力,帮助大家深入地理解记忆语言,从而进一步增强语感 to improve your listening。下列常用的句型，如果平时善于积累，对你的听力应试会起到很大的帮助，能够提高得分率。例如：时间的表达1. What time is it? = Whats the time?2. It is ten past two. = It is two ten.3. Its half past ten. = Its ten thirty.4. Its a quarter past five. = Its five fifteen.5. Its a quarter to nine. = Its eight forty-five.6. Its two to two. = Its one fifty-eight. 交通方式的表达1. We go to school on foot every day. = We walk to school every day.2. He used to go to work by bike. = He used to go to work on his bike. = He used to ride to work.3. Mr. Green went back to English by plane. = Mr. Green went back to English by air. =Mr. Green flew back to English.4. Mum is used to going to her office by bus. = Mum is used to taking a bus to her office.5. My uncle usually goes to his company by car. = My uncle usually drives his car to his company. = My uncle usually goes to his company in his car. 短暂性动词与持续性动词的用法1. I began to study English three years ago. = I have studied English for three years.2. The old man died last year. = The old man has been dead for a year.3. He borrowed the book from the library last week. = He has kept the book from the library for a week.4. The film began ten minutes ago. = The film has been on for ten minutes.5. She bought the new bike last month. = She has had the new bike for a month.6. My father left for Shanghai ten days ago. = My father has been in Shanghai for ten days. 类似这样的句型还有很多，这里只是举了少量的例子，同学们在复习中要着重积累。4.强化记忆、速记要点要学会倾听,尤其是长对话和短文独白.在听较长语篇时要注意整体把握.倾听的焦点应当是语篇大意和与问题相关的关键信息，并随时快速记下要点.个别单词没有听清,要沉住气继续听,后面的信息往往能对你有所启发,也可以利用答题。阅读题干要有目的地进行听力记忆，记忆能力对提高听力有着重要作用。仔细阅读题干，在此做个强调，否则容易出错。例如：How much is a cup if the boy wants to buy two?A. 3 yuan. B. 5.yuan. C. 2.5 yuan.Listen:W: Good morning, boy. What can I do for you?M: Id like to buy some cups. How much are these?W: Three yuan for one. And five yuan for two.进行了系统的有效的复习，就能为迎战中考打下坚实的基础，然而，要想在中考中获得高分、满分，还需要掌握合适的答题方法，采取适当的答题策略。三、江西中考英语听力部分的答题策略1.稳定情绪，集中思想（听前） 听力测试是对考生心理素质水平的检测.过于紧张焦急的情绪容易产生恐惧心理,有碍考生的正常发挥,听力反应速度,把握信息的准确度会大打折扣。记得提前进入考场，然后坐下做几下深呼吸或闭目片刻，稳定情绪,集中思想，以便轻松主动地进入考试状态。2.浏览题干，预测考点（听前）充分利用试卷分发到手播放试音乐曲试音材料间的分分秒秒，还有在介绍每大题做法和播放每段对话或独白前的时间,快速浏览题干及选项，根据题干中的语言信息,预测对话或短文的大意、语境等可能涉及到的内容;好好比较三个选项的异同,目的是做到心中有数,接下来就可以有目的地去听录音，获取关键信息，这样能有的放矢,有所侧重,提高答题的准确率.3.捕捉信息，速记要点（听中）在听录音过程中,注