大学英语专八考试听力冲刺训练材料.doc

大学英语专八考试听力冲刺训练材料 Amissisasgoodasamile.以下是为大家搜索的大学英语专八考试听力冲刺训练材料，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们! SECTIONA MINI-LECTURE Inthissection,youwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtopleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youllbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanother10minutestopletethegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothemini-lecture. Inthislecture,welldiscussEnglishvocabulary.First,letsdefinetheterm“vocabulary”.Whatisvocabulary?Itusuallyreferstoapleteinventoryofthewordsinalanguage.Butitmayalsorefertothewordsandphrasesusedinthevariantsofalanguage,suchasdialect,register,terminology,etc.Thevocabularycanbedividedintoactivevocabularyandpassivevocabulary.Theactivevocabularyreferstolexicalitemswhichapersonuses.Thepassivevocabularyreferstothewordswhichheunderstands.TheEnglishvocabularyischaracterizedbyamixtureofnativewordsandborrowedwords.First,aboutthenativewords.MostofthenativewordsareofAnglo-Saxonorigin.TheyformthebasicwordstockoftheEnglishlanguage.Inthenativestock,wefindwordsdenotingthemonestthingsnecessaryforlife,suchasthosewordsdenotingnaturalphenomena,divisionsoftheyear,partsofthebody,animals,foodstuffs,trees,fruits,humanactivity.Andalsootherwordsdenotingthemostindispensablethings.Thenativestockalsoincludesauxiliaryandmodalverbs,pronouns,mostnumerals,prepositionsandconjunctions.Thoughtheyaresmallinnumber,thesewordsplaynosmallpartinlinguisticperformanceandmunication.Next,weetoborrowedwords.Borrowedwordsarealsoknownasloan-words.Theyrefertolinguisticformstakenoverbyonelanguageordialectfromanother.TheEnglishvocabularyhasreplenisheditselfbycontinuallytakingoverwordsfromotherlanguagesoverthecenturies.TheadoptionofforeignwordsintotheEnglishlanguagebeganevenbeforetheEnglishcametoEngland.WeknowthattheAnglesandSaxonsformedapartoftheGermanicpeople.LongbeforetheAnglo-SaxonscametoEngland,theGermanicpeoplehadbeenincontactwiththecivilizationofRome.Thus,WordsofLatinorigindenotingobjectsbelongingtotheRomancivilizationgraduallyfoundtheirwayintotheEnglishlanguage.Forexample,wine,butter,cheese,inch,mile,mint,etc.WhentheEnglish,ortheAnglo-Saxons,weresettledinEngland,theycontinuedtoborrowwordsfromLatin,especiallyafterRomanChristianitywasintroducedintotheislandinthesixthandseventhcenturies.AconsiderablenumberofLatinwordswereadoptedintotheEnglishlanguage.Thesewordschieflysignifythingsconnectedwithreligionortheservicesofthechurch,suchasbishop,candle,creed,monk,priest,andagreatmanyothers.TheEnglishvocabularyalsoowesagreatdealtotheDanesandNorthmen.Fromthesesettlers,EnglishadoptedasurprisingnumberofwordsofScandinavianoriginthatbelongtothecore-vocabularytoday.Suchasthey,them,their,both,ill,die,egg,knife,low,skill,take,till,though,want,etc.TheNormanConquestin1066introducedalargenumberofFrenchwordsintotheEnglishvocabulary.Frenchadoptionswerefoundinalmosteverysectionofthevocabulary.Forexample,inthesectionoflaw,therearesuchwordsasjustice,evidence,pardon;inthesectionofwarfare,thereareconquer,victory;inreligion,therearegrace,repent,sacrifice;inarchitecture,therearecastle,pillar,tower;infinance,therearepay,rent,ransom;inrank,thereareprince,princess;inclothing,therearecollar,mantlet;infood,therearedinner,feast,sauce,etc.Inthefirst43linesoftheProloguetoChaucersCanterburyTales,thereare39wordsofFrenchorigin.WecanseetheEnglishvocabularytakesinsomanywordsfromFrench.Andinthefourteenth,fifteenthandsixteenthcenturies,theRenaissancesweptEurope.ItwasarevivalofartandliteraturebasedonancientGreeklearning.TheRenaissanceopenedupanewsourcefortheEnglishvocabularytoenrichitself.AndEnglishborrowedmanywordsfromGreekthroughthemediumofLatin,suchascrisis,topic,a,etc.awiderangeoflearnedaffixesarealsofromGreek,suchasbio-,geo-,hydro-,auto-,homo-,para-,-ism,-logy,-graph,-meter,-gramandmanyothers.Fromthesixteenthcenturyforward,therewasagreatincreaseinthenumberoflanguages,andEnglishborrowedmanywordsfromtheselanguages.Frenchcontinuedtoprovideaconsiderablenumberofnewwords,forexample,trophy,vase,moustache,unique,soup.EnglishborrowedalotofwordsfromItalianinthefieldofart,musicandliterature,forexample,model,son,opera,quartet,etc.therewasalsoaSpanishelementinEnglish,forexample,potato,cargo,parade,cigar.Besides,German,PortugueseandDutchwerealsofertilesourcesofloanwords,forexample,dock,zincandplunderarefromGerman;cobra,buffaloandpagodaarefromPortuguese;tackle,buoyandskipperarefromDutch.Attheturnofthenieenthandtwentiethcenturies,withagrowthofinternationaltradeandtheurgetocolonizetheknownworld,EnglishmadeanumberofdirectadoptionsfromlanguagesspokenoutsideEurope.Someexamplesare:sultanandghoulfromArabic,lichiandtyphoonfromChinese,shahandshawlfromPersian,yoghurtfromTurkish,czarfromRussian.SincetheendoftheSecondWorldWar,stillmoreloanwordshavebeenincorporatedintotheEnglishvocabularyForexample,cuisinefromFrench,sushifromJapanese,maotaifromChinese,andmanyothers.Inthetwentiethcentury,itshouldbeobservedthatEnglishhascreatedmanywordsoutofLatinandGreekelements,especiallyinthefieldofscienceandtechnology,suchasantibiotic,astronaut,auto-visual,autolysis,etc.AlthoughalltheseLatinandGreekderivedwordsaredistinctlylearnedortechnical,theydonotseemand,inthisrespect,theyareverydifferentfromtherecentloanwordsfromlivinglanguages,suchascappuino,angst,andsputnik.Thus,fortheModernEnglishperiodadistinctionmustbemadebetweentheadoptionsfromlivinglanguagesandtheformationsderivedfromthetwoclassicallanguages.Thatstheendoftodayslecture.NexttimewellconcentrateonEnglishwordformation.Thankyouforyourattention! - SectionB INTERVIEW InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterview,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowing5questions.Nowlistentotheinterview. Interviewer(M):Mrs.Hobson,wouldyoupleasedescribesomeofthethingsyoudowithaggressivechildreninthisspecialschool? Mrs.Hobson(W):Well,youmustrealizethatwhenheeshereheismeetingotheraggressivechildren,andaggressivechildrenalltogetherusuallygumeachotherup. M:Umm. W:Andtheyfindthataggressiveheredoesntpayoffbecauseyoucanbejollysuretheresonetougherandworsethanheis. M:Umm. W:SoIusuallyhaveohm.Sometimeshaveorganizedfights. M:Organizedfights?Youactually. W:Yes. M:Youactuallyencouragethechildrento. W:Wehavearingandwehaveabell. M:Aboxingring? W:Yes!Theymustconform,theymustkeeptotherules,andwhentheyhaveeitherlostorwon,wediscusswhatitistobethewinnerandwhatitisliketolose.Andwecarryonwithourdiscussionandgoontowhatitislikeinlife. M:Umm. W:Wemustwinorloseandwemustdoeachverygracefully. M:Wouldyoupleasedescribesomechildrenyouhavehadproblemswith? W:Ihadoneboywhocutoffhisdogsears. M:Cutoffhisdogsears?Goodlord! W:Yes.Andputastonearoundhisneckanddrownedhim. M:Thedog? W:Yes.Thentherewasanotherboythatusedtoattackme. M:Attackyou? W:Yes.Umm.withanythingathand.Ihidscissors.Umm.hetriedtocutmyhaironce.And. M:Whenyouwerentlooking? W:Yes.Youhavetobestrong.Andofcourse.er. M:Bystrongyoumean. W:Physicallystrongandmentally. M:Sothatyoucanshovethemaway? W:Well,sothatyoucandefendyourself.IalwayssaytothemImgoingtowin.AndonceIveestablishedthat,wereallright. M:Mrs.Hobson,whydoyouthinksomechildrenareaggressive? W:Ifachildisoneofsixorsevenchildreninafamily,itsprettysurethatheisnaughtyandaggressivebecauseheiscryingoutforattentionandinthislargefamilyhesfoundthatajollygoodwayofgettingattentionistoshout,benaughty.Atleastmummyturnsroundandsays,Bequiet,beagoodboy,oryoullgetthisorthat. M:Sosomechildrenareaggressivesimplyinorder. W:Togainattention!Aggressivenessusuallyisthat.Itsreallythechildrencryingoutandsaying,Lookatme,please. M:Umm. W:Imnotsayingitstheanswerinallcircumstancesbutitusuallyis. M:Whataretheadvantagesofyourschool,asparedwithordinaryschool? W:Theclassesaresmallerforonething. M:Howsmall? W:Er.weonlyhavegroupsuptofiveorsix. M:Andinanormalschool? W:Oh.thatvariesofcoursebutitcouldbethirtytoforty. M:Umm. W:Herehedoeshaveindividualattentioneveryday. M:Doyouthinktheworkisimportant? W:Ido.Withoutourunitorsomethingsimilar. M:Theunitistheschool? W:Yes,thewholeunit.Ithinkalotofchildrenwouldbeleftandthenperhapsattheageofsixteenwewouldhaveourjuveniledelinquent.Imnotsayingwerecuringthemall,butIthinkatleastwiththeunitavailabletothesechildren,theyhavehadachancetomakegood. M:Umm. W:Imnotsayingitalwayspaysoff,buttheyhavehadachance. - SectionCNEWSBROADCAST Inthissection,youwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions6to7arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthetwoquestions.Nowlistentothenews. NowthattheU.S.spaceshuttleDiscoveryisbackonEarth,futureshuttlemissionsarepostponeduntilthespaceagencyNASAsolvestheproblemoflaunchdebrisendangeringtheorbiters.Whenevermissionsresume,theywillcontinuebuildingtheInternationalSpaceStation,whichtheUnitedStatesoperateswithRussiaandthesupportofEurope,Canada,andJapan.ButthereisalegalobstaclethatmaykeeptheU.S.astronautsofftheSpaceStation.Theissuedatesbackto1996,whenthetwocountriesagreedthatRussiawouldprovidetheUnitedStatesfreecrewandcargotransportationtothestationuntilnextApril.ThisprovisionprovedcrucialduringthelongbanonshuttleflightsaftertheColumbiadisasterinxx,fortheUnitedStateshadnootherwaytogetitsastronautsandsuppliestothestation.Question8isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.MalaysianPresidentAbdullahBadawisaystheMuslimworldshoulddomoretoimprovetheeconomicstandingofallMuslims.HetoldbusinessleadersgatheredinHongKongMondaythattheIslamicworldmustdoallitcantoendpovertyamongallMuslims.Mr.Abdullah,whocurrentlychairsthe57-nationOrganizationofIslamicConference,saysthetimehasefortheOICtoemphasizetheeconomicdevelopmentofitsmembers.HesaysMuslimpopulationsmustnotonlystriveforpeace,butalsoforeconomicvitality.ManyoftheOICsmembersaredevelopingcountriesinAfricaandtheMiddleEast.MalaysiahasrecentlybeentakingstepstopromoteIslamicbankin