A-LEVEL物理A2 Unit 5复习资料之 6.doc

Section 6: OscillationsRevision spread1 : Simple harmonic motion Checkpoints : (1)recall that the condition for simple harmonic motion is F=-kx Identify situations in which simple harmonic motion will occur. (2) recognize and use the expressions a=-2x, a=-A2xcost,v=-Asint,x=Acost,and T=1/f=2/ as applied to a simple harmonic oscillator. (3) obtain a displacement-time graph for an oscillating object and recognize that the gradient at a point gives the velocity at that point.（201306-1）A mass is bouncing on the end of a vertical spring. Its motion will be simple harmonic if the springA .can store energy. B .has elasticity. C .is hung vertically. D .obeys Hookes law.（201206-4）Which of the following is not an example of simple harmonic motion?A A car bouncing on its suspension system. B A child jumping on a trampoline. C A person bouncing on the end of a bungee cord. D A swinging pendulum in a grandfather clock.201301（201201-13） (a) Define simple harmonic motion(b) The graph shows the variation in water level displacement with time for the water in a harbour. The water level displacement varies with simple harmonic motion.(i) Use the graph to calculate the amplitude and the time period of the variation in the water level displacement.(ii) Show that the maximum rate of change of water level displacement is about 0.6 m hour1.(iii) On the axis below sketch how the rate of change of water level displacement varies with time for the interval 030 hours. The variation in water level displacement with time has been drawn for you. You need not add any numerical values to the y-axis.Revision spread2 :Energy and damping in SHM Checkpoints : (1)Recall that the total energy of an undamped SHM system remains constant and recognize ad use expressions for the total energy of an oscillator. (2) Distinguish between free and damped oscillations(201306r-7) An object is hung from a vertical spring and undergoes undamped simple harmonic motion. It is correct to say that there are no changes in the A .elastic potential energy of the oscillating system. B .gravitational potential energy of the oscillating system. C .kinetic energy of the oscillating system. D .total energy of the oscillating system.(201306-9) For an object undergoing simple harmonic motion select the graph that represents the variation of kinetic energy with displacement.(201306-10) For an object undergoing simple harmonic motion select the graph that represents the variation of the total energy with displacement.Revision spread3 :Forced oscillations and resonance . Checkpoints : (1)Distinguish between free, damped and forced oscillations . (2) Investigate and recall how the amplitude of a forced oscillation changes at and around the natural frequency of a system . Describe qualitatively how damping affects resonance . (3)Explain how damping and the plastic deformation of ductile materials reduce the amplitude of oscillation .(201306-8) A car is travelling over a rough road surface. At low speed the ride is very bumpy with the car and its occupants suffering large amplitude vertical oscillations. However, when the car is driven at a higher speed the ride gets smoother. This is because at the higher speed A .the car leaves the ground and misses the bumps. B .the car crushes the bumps and makes the road smoother. C .there is a greater amount of damping in the cars suspension. D .the cars suspension oscillates at a greater frequency than its natural frequency(201206-7) When one system is driven into oscillation by another, the driven systemA. exhibits resonance. B. has a large increase in amplitude. C. vibrates at its natural frequency. D. vibrates at the driver frequency. (201301-4)New buildings in earthquake zones are often designed to be earthquake resistant .Such buildings incorporate mechanisms to reduce the transfer of kinetic energy from the ground to the building. Which of the following would be the most important property of a material used in such a mechanism ? A.density B. ductility C. stiffness D.strength(201306-13) The diagram shows a number of pendulums hanging from a single thread. Pendulum X has a heavy lead sphere as the bob and the others have low mass bobs. When X is set into motion energy is transferred to the others which all begin to oscillate. After a shorttime C is observed to have the largest amplitude of oscillation.(a)Explain why pendulum C has thelargest amplitude ofoscillation.(b)For an efficient energytransferpendulum Cmust beat rest whenpendulum Xhas its maximum kinetic energy. The graph below shows how the displacement of pendulum X varies with time.Mark a point P on this graph showing an instant when pendulum X has a maximum kinetic energy, and add a curve toshow how the displacement of pendulum Cvaries over the same time interval.(201306r-18) A baby-bouncer is a light harness, into which a baby can be placed, suspended by a vertical spring.The height of the baby-bouncer is adjusted so that the babys feet are a few centimetres above the floor when the baby is in equilibrium in the harness. If the baby is then displaced downwards and released, the system oscillates vertically with simple harmonic motion. It is stated in a textbook that “a mass-spring system that obeys Hookes law will lead to simple harmonic motion when the mass is displaced.”*(a) Explain why a system consisting of a mass and a spring that obeys Hookes law may be set into simple harmonic motion. (b) The acceleration experienced by a baby of mass 8.2 kg is 0.49 m s-2 when the displacement from the equilibrium position is 3.0 cm. Show that the period of vertical oscillations for this baby is about 1.6 s.(c) The amplitude of the oscillations quickly decreases, so the baby has to keep kicking on the floor to maintain them. (i) State the name given to oscillations that die away quickly.(ii) State the name that is given to oscillations such as those that are kept going by the baby kicking on the floor.(iii) If the baby kicks on the floor at a certain frequency, the amplitude of the bounces can be made to increase to a maximum. Name this effect and calculate the frequency at which it occurs(d) The baby is replaced by a baby of less mass. This baby also kicks to produce maximum amplitude of oscillation. Without further calculation, explain how the frequency at which the baby must kick compares to that for the larger mass baby.(201206-17) The photograph shows a nodding tiger toy. The tiger is placed on a cars dashboard and its head nods up and down as the car is driven along a rough road surface. It is noticed that at a particular speed the tigers head vibrates with maximum amplitude. (a) (i) What is the name of this phenomenon?(ii