2014高考英语 阅读理解精英练习题(13).doc

2014高考英语阅读理解精英练习题（13）及答社会生活类-2012福建卷 ASome people believe that a Robin Hood is at work, others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his or her fortune before dying. But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales(童话)The first envelope was sent to a victim support group. It contained 10,000 with a cutting from the Braunschweiger Zeitung about how the group supported a woman who was robbed of her handbag; similar plain white anonymous(匿名) envelopes, each containing 10,000, then arrived at a kindergarten and a church.The envelops keep coming, and so far at least 190, 000 has been distributed. Last month, one of them was sent to the newspapers own office. It came after a story it published about Tom, a 14yearold boy who was severely disabled in a swimming accident. The receptionist at the Braunschweiger Zeitung opened an anonymous white envelope to find 20 notes of 500 inside, with a copy of the article.The name of the family was underlined.“I was driving when I heard the news，”Claudia Neumann, the boys mother, told Der Spiegel magazine.“I had to park on the side of the road; I was speechless.”The money will be used to make the entrance to their house wheelchairaccessible and for a course of treatment that their insurance company refused to pay for.“For someone to act so selflessly, for this to happen in such a society in which everyone thinks of himself, was astonishing，” Mrs.Neumann said. Her family wonder whether the donator is a Robin Hood character, taking from banks to give to the needy.Henning Noske, the editor of the Braunschweiger Zeitung, said：“Maybe it is an old person who is about to die. We just do not know.”However, he has told his reporters not to look for the citys hero, for fear that discovery may stop the donations.56The Braunschweiger Zeitung is the name of _.Aa church Ba bankCa newspaper Da magazine57Which of the following is TRUE about the donation to Tom?AThe donation amounted to 190, 000.BThe donation was sent directly to his house.CThe money will be used for his education.DHis mother felt astonished at the donation.58It can be inferred from the passage that _.Athe donator is a rich old manBthe donation will continue to comeCthe donation comes from the newspaperDthe donator will soon be found out59What would be the best title for the passage?AMoney Is Raised by the NewspaperBNewspaper Distributes Money to the NeedyCUnknown Hero Spreads Love in EnvelopesDRobin Hood Returns to the City【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了城市英雄以匿名信封的形式在经济上帮助需要帮助的人。56. C推理判断题。从第一段“But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper”和第二段“with a cutting from the Braunschweiger Zeitung”可推出Braunschweiger Zeitung是当地一家报纸。57. D细节理解题。从倒数第二段Tom的妈妈所说的话可知答案。58. B推理判断题。从最后一段“he has told his reporters not to look for the citys hero, for fear that discovery may stop the donations.”可知捐赠还会继续。59. C主旨大意题。本文介绍了城市英雄以匿名信封的形式在经济上帮助需要帮助的人。 C(2012莆田质检)As we know, the earths climate has changed over time.The present rate of climate change depends, in large part, on human activities.Today, people all over the world are making everyday choices that help the environment.Small actions matter.In other words, climate change is your business.A woman in Nicaragua buys fluorescent (荧光的) light bulbs that are 80 percent more energysaving than traditional ones. Many governments are now subsidizing energysaving lights to encourage people to turn to them.Consumers are discovering that the newgeneration bulbs help them save money in the long run.Agriculture accounts for about 14 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions (排放) , and transporting the food around adds to the environmental cost.There is a team of young vegetable growers in the United Kingdom who want to encourage kids to start planting their own fruit and vegetables.A young lawyer wearing business clothes rides her bicycle to work in a large US.city.Shes been biking to work every day for the past two years and says its a lot easier than many people think.A recent study shows that more Americans bike or walk to work today than before.A university student from southeastern China carries a reusable shopping bag to cut back on disposable (一次性的) plastics.Some large shopkeepers have removed paper and plastic bags, and consumers are responding.In Canberra, Australia, summers are hot and winters cold.To save electricity, Adam Wilson in Canberra uses an energysaving heating system, and he keeps the temperature lower than he did in years past.He still makes it through the summer without air conditioning.文章大意：气候变暖和我们每个人都息息相关。从现在做起，从我们自己做起。63The passage mainly tells us that_.A.climate change is concerned with everyoneB.the global warming is getting worseC.saving energy is of great necessityD.human is to destroy the environment答案：A主旨大意题。由文章第一段最后一句话可知，环境变化与我们每个人都息息相关。64The underlined word “subsidizing” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_”A.charging B.producing C.giving allowance to D.taking advantage of答案：C猜测词义题。为鼓励人们使用节能灯，许多政府对人们使用节能灯给予补助。因此划线词是“给予补助”的意思。65According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A.The governments dont expect consumers to use the newgeneration bulbs.B.Agriculture should be responsible for part of the global gas emissions.C.Many people in Nicaragua go to work on foot or by bike.D.University students from China always carry disposable shopping bags.答案：B细节理解题。由第三段第一句话“Agriculture accounts for about 14 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions (排放) , and transporting the food around adds to the environmental cost.”可知，B项正确；由第二段最后一句话可知，顾客们发现使用节能灯从长远看是合算的，所以A项错误；由第二段第一句话可知，Nicaragua的人们使用节能灯，没有提到步行或者骑自行车，所以C项错误；由倒数第二段第一句话可知，D选错误，只是提到一位大学生使用环保袋。66We can learn from the last paragraph that_.A.the climate in Canberra is mild all the year roundB.an energysaving heating system will come into useC.Adam Wilson has a good habit of saving energyD.Adam Wilson is skilled in inventing the energysaving equipment答案：C推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Adam Wilson有节能的好习惯。D(2012三明普高联考)Its true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. Theres also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a 2010 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that: “The global warming over the last halfcentury has been caused mainly by human activity.”You may not believe that humans could change the planets climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible(看不见的) blanket.Of course, the earths climate has always been changing due to “natural” factors such as volcanic eruption(熔化) or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earths going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a buildup of greenhouse gas in the atmospherenot the warming we would expect from other possible causes.Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it: “If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why arent carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be？”The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earthsone with human influence and one without. That obviously isnt possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty. 文章大意：全球变暖是不是人类活动的原因？本文进行了探讨。67In most scientists opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by_.A. solar activity B. volcanic activityC. natural factors D. human factors答案：D细节理解题。由第一段可知，全球变暖是由人类活动这一因素引起的。68The text is developed by_.A. giving typical examplesB. following the order of spaceC. analyzing a theory and arguing itD. comparing and finding differences答案：C推理判断题。由全文可知，本文先提出了一个理论，然后进行了反驳。69The underline word “identical” in the last paragraph probably means_.A. totally differentB. exactly the sameC. extremely importantD. partly independent答案：B猜测词义题。唯一能证明全球变暖百分之百是人类活动引起的办法是运行两个“完全相同的”地球，一个有人类影响，一个没有。70Which of the following can be the best title?A. Are All the Scientists Really Scientific?B. Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to?C. Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming?D. Whats Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases?答案：C主旨大意题。由文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了人类活动造成全球变暖这一理论的探究，所以C项符合。E(2012淄博一模)In Wiltshire, England, volunteers are being sought to visit a nature protection area to count the butterflies living there and on surrounding fields. The project is promoted by an environmental protection organisation, which has contributed to improving the living environment for wild animals. Recently，the organisation has issued an appeal to help it observe environmental changes based on the record of butterflies and protect the environment.In the area, the local people have planted many special flowers with the help of the organisation，aiming to see whether these flowers will interest the rare and beautiful butterflies. The Project officer Sarah Marshall says, “It will be a suitable habitat(栖息地) for butterflies. They are great indicator species as they are easily affected by climate changes so they make a brilliant earlywarning system for the environment.” She also points out that volunteers are needed to recount the number or species of butterflies，and based on the change happening to the butterflies, the hidden environmental problems in the area can be found out in time.The organisation is seeking volunteers to help monitor butterflies from April through to September. They will walk a fixed route and record the different butterflies they encounter along the way. Each visit should take no more than two hours, and each volunteer is expected to visit once a month to count the wildlife. “Staff will provide back up, so if the weather is poor on the day you are to visit(butterflies dont like to fly in the rain, wind or if its too cloudy)we can have someone else do your job，” Sarah points out.No previous experience is necessary as training and support will be provided, but a keen interest is essential. If you are interested please contact Sarah on(0l380)725670, ext 278, email sarahm_wiltshirewildlife_._org文章大意：一家环保组织正在招收志愿者，不需要工作经验，但是必须要有兴趣。志愿者的工作就是数蝴蝶。71According to Paragraph l, what is the purpose of the Project?A. To appeal to more visitors.B. To protect the environment.C. To control butterfly population.D. To expand the area for wildlife.答案：B细节理解题。由第一段最后两句话可知，该计划的目的是保护环境。72Many special flowers have been planted in Wiltshire to_.A. warn people of wildlife extinctionB. appeal more tourists to be involved inC. attract many unusual and beautiful butterfliesD. improve the economic conditions of local people答案：C细节理解题。由第二段第一句话“.aiming to see whether these flowers will interest the rare and beautiful butterflies.”可知，人们种植许多特别花的原因是吸引罕见而美丽的蝴蝶。73Butterflies are called “indicator species” because_.A. they can provide support for visitorsB. they can give information to other speciesC. they are not easily found out in their habitatsD. they are very sensitive to environmental changes答案：D细节理解题。由第二段第三句话“They are great indicator species as they are easily affected by climate changes so they make a brilliant earlywarning system for the environment.”可知，蝴蝶被称为物种标志的原因是因为它们对环境的变化很敏感。74Volunteers are required to do the things EXCEPT_.A. having some special previous experienceB. being interested in protecting the environmentC. walking a regular route and do some recordingsD. visiting the nature protection area once a month答案：A细节理解题。由最后一段第一句话“No previous experience is necessary as training and support will be provided, but a keen interest is essential.”可知，该志愿者不需要有工作经历。75What is the text mainly about?A. Visitors are being trained to identify butterflies.B. Wildlife areas are being protected by butterflies.C. Volunteers are being needed to count butterflies.D. Organisations are being put up to protect butterflies.答案：C主旨大意题。由第一段最后一句话和最后一段可知，本文是招收计数蝴蝶的志愿者的。社会生活类-2012全国卷 ACold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of nonfrozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pets water. Sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink. Animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.41What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?AThey are often forgotten by their owners.BThey are used to living outdoors.CThey build their own shelters.DThey like to stay in warm places.42Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?ATo know when to bring them inside.BTo keep them from eating bad food.CTo help them find shelters.DTo keep them company.43If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may _.Arun short of clean waterBdig deep holes for funCdirty the snow nearbyDget lost in the wild44What is the purpose of this text?ATo solve a problem.BTo give practical advice.CTo tell an interesting story.DTo present a research result.【要点综述】本文主要介绍在天气寒冷的时候，怎样使你的宠物又暖和又安全。宠物也喜欢待在温暖的室内。如果需要让它们待在户外的时候，一定要多留心，给它们提供良好的住所、饮用水等。41. D细节理解题。结合第一段的“Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所)as they are.”可知宠物也像人们一样，喜欢待在温暖的环境中，因此选D。A项中的“被主人忘记”，与原文的“忘记它们喜欢温暖的地方”不一致；B项是人们的错误的认识；没有提到C项。42. A细节理解题。结合第二段的“When youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too.” 可知是如果你感到冷了，这个时候你的宠物们也需要进入室内了，所以选A。B项“阻止它们吃坏的食物”；C项“帮助它们找到庇护所”；D项“同它们作伴”，均与原文的意思不符。43. A细节理解题。从最后一段的“Sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink.”可知在寒冷的天气里，水会被冻住，因此宠物们可能会缺水喝。B项中“for fun”错误；C项“把附近的雪弄脏”；D项“在野外迷路”，与原文信息不符。44. B作者意图题。作者主要是对那些养宠物的人们提出了一个具体的建议：在寒冷的天气里，怎样照顾好他们的宠物。因此选B。A项“解决问题”；C项“讲述一个有趣的故事”；D项“呈现一个研究结果”，与作者的意图不符。 阅读理解、专题训练(*)、议论文的阅读(3)阅读下列文章，按要求完成读写任务Healthy knees arent the main consideration in choosing high heels，but new research says chunky heels are just as bad for the knees as spindly stilettos(细高跟鞋)“It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis (骨关节炎)and once you do it，it is too late，” said Dr.Casey Kerrigan，leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical Schools department of physical medicine.“I compare it to smokingone cigarette is not painful，but over a lifetime it is.Wideheeled shoes feel comfortable，so women wear them all day long，” Kerrigan said.“They are better for your feet than stiletto heels，but just as bad for your knees.”In the study，researchers had twenty women wear two pairs of shoes with threeinch heels，one with a narrow heel and the other with a thick one.The scientists compared how much pressure was put on the womens knees by both types of shoes.The women also walked barefoot to test normal pressure.The scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to the knees.Compared with walking barefoot，the heels increased pressure on the inside of the knee by 26 percent.Increased pressure on the knee eventually leads to arthritis，experts say.The idea that high heels are bad for your health isnt newscientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes，tendonitis，knee pain，sprained(扭伤)ankles and back problems.But in 1998，Kerrigan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis，a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage(软骨)surrounding the knee.The first study looked only at stiletto heels，and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky highheeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.“This study confirms what we all intuitively(直觉地)know that highheeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health，” said Dr.Glem Pfeffer，a San Francisco doctor and member