动词ing的变化规则.doc

动词的第三人称单数的变化规则1、 一般情况下，动词后面直接加 -s. work - works get - gets say - says read - reads 2、 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把 y变为 i 再加 -es. 例如： study - studies try - tries carry - carries fly - flies cry - cries 3、 以ch, sh, s, x, o结尾的动词,在后面加 -es。 go - goes teach - teaches wash - washes brush - brushes catch - catches do - does fix - fixes 动词ing的变化规则1.一般动词直接加ing go-go ing work-work ing look-look ing2.以-y 结尾的动词，直接加-ing say-say ing enjoy-enjoy ing cry - cry ing carry-carry ing study-study ing3.以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加ing die - dying, lie - lying, tie - tying4.以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去e 加 ing make - making write - writing love -writing hate - hating hope - hoping take - taking save- saving breathe - breathing produce - producing 注意：be - being see - seeing agree - agreeing5. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这一辅音字母，再加-ing。 begin - beginning admit - admitting sit - sitting fit - fitting hit - hitting prefer - preferring swim - swimming shop - shopping cut - cutting get - getting forget - forgetting spit - spitting shut -shutting stop -stopping plan - planning dig - digging drop - dropping step - stepping 注意：blow - blowing grow - growing draw - drawing bow - bowing show - showing know - knowing 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则规则变化：1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick - picked - picked wish - wished - wished2.以不发音的e 结尾的动词后加d。 make maked maked like liked liked hope hoped hoped phone phoned phoned3.以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，变y 为 i , 再加- ed。study studied studied hurry hurried hurriedreply replied replied4.以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写该辅音字母，再加 ed。stop stopped stopped shop shopped - shoppedplan planned planned drop dropped dropped不规则变化：(常见如下，需同学们识记)1.AAAcost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 2.ABBburn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费 pay paidpaid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 think thought thought 想 sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白 win won won 得胜 shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光 catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 feel felt felt 觉得 fight fought fought 战斗 find found found 发现 get got got 得到 hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂 have had had 有 hold held held 盛，握 leave left left 离开 make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见 sell sold sold 卖 shoot shot shot 射击 tell told told 告诉 smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻 sit sat sat 坐 dig dug dug 挖 3.ABCeat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给 freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶 throw threw thrown 抛，扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 fly flew flown 飞 draw drew drawn 绘画 show showed shown 展示 speak spoke spoke说话 break broke broken 破碎，折断 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 begin began begun 开始 ring rang rung 按铃 sing sang sung 唱 sink sank sunk 沉 swim swam swum 游泳 drink drank drunk 饮 be(are) were been 是 do did done 做 go went gone 去 wear worn worn 穿lie lay lain 躺 be(am, is) was/ were been 4.ABAcome came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑 5.AABbeat beat beaten 打可数名词复数的变化规则1、一般加-s,如: map - maps car - cars2、以辅音字母加y结尾的 ， 变y为i ,加-es ; baby-babies ,family-families3、以f, fe结尾的名词，通常变f 或fe为v,再加-es;如: leaf-leaves, wife - wives,life - lives,thief - thieves; 注: belief - beliefs（信心）,roof - roofs（屋顶） safe - safes（保险箱）, gulf - gulfs（海湾） 4、 以sh,ch, s, x结尾的名词，结尾的加-es; dish-dishes watch - watches5、 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s,(无生命的) photo photos, piano pianos , kilo-kilos, radio radios, zoo zoos； b. 加es,(有生命的) potato potatoes， tomatotomatoes, hero heroes 形容词变副词的变化规则1、 一般情况下直接加“ly” quick - quickly recent - recently 2、 以“y”结尾的, 如发音为/ i / , 先将 y 改成i , 再加“ly”，如happy - happily 如发音为/ ai /, 直接加 -ly, 如 dry - dryly shy - shyly3、 以“辅音字母 + le”结尾的，去e 加y possible - possibly terrible - terribly simple - simply considerable - considerably gentle - gently.4、 以“元音字母+不发音的e”结尾的，去e 加ly true - truly 注意：polite - politely fortunate - fortunately immediate - immediately wise - wisely nice - nicely wide - widely形容词副词的比较级和最高级变化规则规则变化：1、一般单音节词末尾加-er和-est，（以不发音的e结尾的只加-r; -st） 大多数双音节和多音节词都在单词前面加more和most strong - stronger - strongest nice - nicer - nicest strange - stranger - strangest beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful2、 闭音节单音节词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的，须先双写这个辅音字母，再 加-er和-est hot - hotter - hottest thin - thinner - thinnest big - bigger - biggest fat - fatter - fattest3、 少数以-ow; -er结尾的双音节词，加-er, -est narrow - narrower - narrowest clever - cleverer - cleverest4、 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，先y变成i，再加-er；-est happy- happier - happiest angry - angrier - angriest early - earlier - earlie