八年级下广州沪教牛津Unit2语法：不定式.docx

八年级（下）英语Week2 2017/02/25八年级（下）英语Week 2非谓语动词动词不定式英语动词的非谓语形式为三种： 、 和 。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式的基本结构是 ，否定结构是 。一、用法不定式在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。（一）作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用 。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1) (2) (3) (4) 句式(1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(2)中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与介词for搭配，说明不定式所表示动作、行为的性质。 习题一1.Itsourduty_theroomeveryday.(甘肃省)A.tocleanB.cleanedC.clean D.cleans2.Itshardforus_Englishwell.(江西省)A.learn B.LearnsC.tolearnD.learning3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。(北京市海淀区)Itwill_theworkersoverayear_theflyover.4.Itsverynice_youtogetmetwotickets_theWorldCup.(安徽省)A.for，of B.of，for C.to，for D.of，to（二）作宾语：动词+to do sth1.一些常接不定式作宾语的动词：want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,prepare等。如：Iliketogooutforwalksinthewarmsunshineinspring.Mymotherhatestomovefromplacetoplace,forshefeelstired.Idecidetoworkhardandgetdoctorsdegree.动词feel, find, make, think, know等后面，常用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语，it做形式宾语的句式： I find it difficult to remember everything. I feel it hard to make friends with him.既可接to do又可接ing作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词： like，love，dislike，hate，begin，start，continue，prefer注：有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但所表达的意义不同。常见的有：stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事try to do sth. 企图做，尽力做某件事try doing sth. 尝试着做某事（经常表示已经尝试过，但没有做成功）remembertodosth.记住去做某事rememberdoing.记得做过某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事go on to do sth. 做完一件事后，继续做另一件事goondoingsth.继续做同一件事mean to do sth 打算、准备做某事mean doing sth 意味着做某事习题二1.Hewants_somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西省)2.Dontforget_yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometo school.(福建省)A.tobring B.bringingC.totakeD.taking3.Hefounditverydifficult_.(湖南省)A.Sleeping B.Sleeps C.slept D.tofallasleep4.Pleasestop_arestifyoufeeltired.(广西壮族自治区)A.tohave B.Having C.have D.has5.Whydidntyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome? (湖北省)Sorry,Iforgot_somemoneywithme.A.take B.taking C.totake D.took6.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplane_overmyhead.(福建省)A.flies B.flying C.flew D.tofly7.Awomansawit_whenshewaswalkingpast.(黑龙江省)A.happen B.happens C.happeningD.tohappen简析在see，hear，watch，feel等感官动词后面可接 ，也可接 形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示 (动作已结束)，用动词的-ing形式表示 (动作尚未结束)。 2.疑问词( )+动词不定式，相当于一个宾语从句。 I dont know when to go.= I dont know when I will go.Icouldntdecidewhichbooktochoose.Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook.TheyfoundithardtodecidewhethertogoswimmingnextSundayortovisitAuntSallyinNewYear.常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：know,see,decide,tell,ask,find,forget,guess,imagine,learn,remember,think,understand等。（三）作宾语补足语：v. +sb.+ to do sth.如tell sb.todosth.| ask sb.todosth. | wantsb.todosth.| call sb.todosth.| invitesb.todosth.常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词：_Heaskedyoutocallhimattenoclock.My boss told me to write an email for him.注意：1.使役动词(让：let,make,have)和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to，在被动语态中应加上to。如：He saw a child enter the room.（主动）A child was seen to enter the room.（被动）这些动词可归纳为“一感(feel)二听(listento,hear)三让(let,make,have)四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)半帮助(help)”。2.动词let不用于被动语态，如：If there is anythingiswrongwithyou,pleaseletmeknow.习题三1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with 2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked 3. She was seen_ in the gym. A. dancing B.to dance C. dance D. dances4. They were made _ all day and all night. A. to work B. working C. works D.work（四）作目的状语To keep her students interested in her class, she raised her voice.Inhisthirdyear, heleftHarvardUniversity toworkforMicrosoft.习题四1. I bought a big box_ books for children in poor areas.A. collects B. to collect C. collect D. collected 2. _the most fresh fruit and vegetables, please come to our store! A. Buy B. Buying C. To buy D. Bought3. Because I was tried hard, I felt tired and stopped the car _ a short rest. A. have B. having C. to have D. had4.为了得到个好座位，她到得很早。Shearrivedearly_getagoodseat.5.Shewent_herteacher.(江西省)A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing6.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest_Englishwell.(四川省)A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns7.Imsorry_that.(河北省)A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear8.Imsorry_you.(吉林省)A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled（五）作定语不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式作定语。I cant think of any good advice to give her. Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.常见的名词有：place, time, way1) He needs some time to finish his homework.2) Is that a good place to hang out?3) You want to know the best way to get around the city.注意：如果不定式动词是_， 则后面必须加介词。如：They could not find a place to live in.(他们找不到住的地方) Please give me a chair to sit on.(请给我一张椅子坐坐) He has got a writing brush to write with.(他找到了写字的毛笔)习题五1.Wouldyoulikesomething_?(湖北省)A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks2.Ihavealotofhomework_.A.doB.DoingC.didD.todo(河南省)3.Heisnotaneasyman_.(山东省)A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith二、不带to的动词不定式以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式：1.在固定词组hadbetter、would rather之后。注意:hadbetter的否定形式是_。例如:Youhadbettergohomenow.你最好现在回家。Itscoldoutside.Youdbetternotgoout.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。2.在let,make,see,feel,watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:Imadethemgivemethemoneyback.我迫使他们把钱还给我。Ididntseeyoucomein.我没看见你进来。3.在引导疑问句的whynot之后。例如:Whynotgowithus。为什么不和我们一起去呢。Whynottakeaholiday? =Whydontyoutakeaholiday? 为什么不休个假呢?4.情态动词（除ought 外的所有情态动词都不接to，ought to应该）5.由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.6. but 和 except 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。试比较： He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.7. help 可带 to ,也可不带to, _习题六1.I usually go there by train.Why not _ by boat for a change?A to try going B trying to go C to try and go D try going2. Paul doesnt have to be made _ . He always works hard.A learn B to learn C learned D learning3.Wesawhim_thebuildingandgoupstairs.(河南省)A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered4.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem_verytired.(吉林省)A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel5.Yourfatherissleeping.Youdbetter_.(陕西省)A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphim C.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup6.Iwasmade_myhomeworkintheafternoon.(贵州省)A.doB.doingC.todoD.did三、动词不定式的否定形式Tell him not to shut the window. She pretended not to see me when I passed by.习题七1.MrBlackaskedtheman_thequeue.A.nottojumpB.tonotjumpC.didntjumpD.notjump2.Theoldmantoldthechild_noisy. (湖北省)A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot3.Thereisgoingto_animportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetry_late.(内蒙古自治区)A.have，nottobeB.have,notbeC.be，nottobeD.be，notbe 4. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A never to drive B to never drive C never driving D never drive 5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A not to B not to do C not do it D do not do 6. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A to eat no B