八年级下英语语法Unit 3.doc

Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 目标认知重点词汇与短语： experience, accident, flight, land, imagine, follow, shout at, happen, climb, get out, take off, run away, in front of, on the phone, strange, scared 重点句型： So，what were you doing when the UFO arrived? 那么当飞碟到来时你正在做什么？I was walking down Center Street when a UFO landed.当飞碟降落时，我正在中心大街上走着。日常用语： -So，what were you doing when the UFO arrived? 那么当飞碟到来时你正在做什么？-Well, I was standing in front of the library. 哦，我正站在图书馆的前面。What were you doing at nine oclock last Sunday morning?上周日上午九点你正在做什么？I was sleeping. How about you?我正在睡觉。你呢？I was doing my homework. 我正在写作业。Youre kidding! 开玩笑！精讲巧练1. So，what were you doing when the UFO arrived? 那么，当飞碟到来的时候你在做什么？点拨1so在该句中为语气词，没有实际意思，表示惊讶或者领会，用来引出后面的内容。So，you stayed there all the time那么你一直待在那里了。点拨2what were you doing是过去进行时的特殊疑问句，过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某个时间段内正在进行的动作，由“主语+was + was / were +v. -ing”构成。We were listening to the radio at 8:00 yesterday evening昨晚8点钟我们在听收音机。点拨3arrive“到达，抵达”，后接地点名词时常与介词in或at连用。arrive in后常跟较大的地方，而arrive at后常跟较小的地方。arrive at the station 到达车站 arrive in New York 到达纽约辨析：reach, get与arrivereach是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。They reached London last night他们昨晚到达了伦敦。get是不及物动词，后跟名词时要加介词to。Can we get to the station in time? 我们能够及时赶到车站吗?arrive是不及物动词，后跟名词时要加介词in或at。At what time did you arrive at the station? 你是几点钟到车站的?随时练【考例1】 - Did you notice him come in?- Sorry, I_ the music.A. was listeningB. was listening to Cis listening D. is listening to【答案与解析】B。本题考查的是过去进行时,它的构成：was / were + doing。表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。而listen to是固定搭配。故本题选B。【考例2】(2010山西)Linda told the policeman she _ for the bus at ten oclock yesterday morningAwaited Bwas waiting Chas waited【答案与解析】B。本题考查过去进行时。由句中时间at ten oclock yesterday morning“在昨天早上10点钟”可知，用过去进行时，故选B。2. I was standing in front of the library.我正站在图书馆的前面。点拨in front of. 在(外部)的前面There were some students talking in English in front of the building this time yesterday昨天这个时候，楼前有一些学生在用英语交谈。in the front of 与in front of 的区别in the front of 指在的前部，强调在整体的前部。其反义词组为at the back of.，意为“在(范围内)的后部”。in front of在的前面，相当于before。随时练【考例】 There is a teachers desk_ the classroom.A. in the front of B. in front of C. before D. on【答案与解析】A。本题考查的是in the front of 与 in front of 的区别。in the front of 指在的前部，强调在整体的前部；in front of 在的前面，相当于before。本题句意是“讲台在教室的前面”。讲台是在教室里面的，是整体的一部分，故本题选A。3What was the girl doing when the UFO took off?当飞碟起飞的时侯，这女孩在干什么?点拨take off 脱下；（飞机）起飞。 take off作“脱下”讲时，其反义词是put on。Put on our clothes. Dont take them off. 把衣服穿上，别把衣服脱下。【拓展】常见的含take的词组有：take turns 轮流 take away拿走 take out 拿出；取出take over 接手，接管take notes 做笔记 take care 当心，注意take after 与相像 take care of照顾take photos 照相take it easy 别紧张 take. to . 把带到随时练【考例】Hurry up, our flight is_.Ataking off B. getting off Cturning off Dputting off【答案与解析】A。take off 在本题里是飞机即将起飞的意思。故本题选A。4. I had a very unusual experience on Sunday.在星期天我有一次非同寻常的经历。点拨1usual 是形容词，意为“通常的，普通的”，而unusual则是usual的反义词，它是由usual加上前缀un构成。意为“异常的，不常发生的”，这也是英语中的构词法。点拨2experience 在这里用做可数名词，意为“经历”。experience还可做不可数名词，意为“经验”。随时练【考例】We had many unusual _ in Tian Shan.A. experience B. experiences C. an experience D. a experience【答案与解析】B。experience 在这里用做可数名词，意为经历。故本题选B。5. What happened while Linda was on the telephone?当琳达打电话时发生了什么事？点拨happen 是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，意为发生，与take place相同，happen可组成短语happen to do，意为碰巧，还可组成短语happen to sb. 意为“某人发生某事（不好的事）”，主语是sth.，to是介词。随时练【考例】What _ while you were listening to the music.A. has happened B. was happened C. was happening D. happens【答案与解析】C。本题考查过去进行时的用法。故本题选C。6. I was getting out of the shower.我正洗完澡出来。get out 出来，get out of . 从出来随时练【考例】She was very beautiful when she _ the shower.A. was getting out B. was getting out of C. is getting out D. is getting out of【答案与解析】B。get out of . 从出来。get out of the shower 意思是洗完澡出来。又由于主句的时态是过去时，故本题选B。7. I was walking down Center Street when a UFO landed.当飞碟降落时，我正在中心大街上走着。walk down / along 沿着走land 着陆、下降，动词。例如：The plane landed safely. 飞机平安着陆。随时练【考例】_ the road, and you will find the post office.A. Walk downing B. Walked downC. Walk along D. Walking along 【答案与解析】C。walk down / along 意思是“沿着走”。又由于本句是祈使句，以动词原形开头，故本题选C。8. The girl was shopping when the alien got out.当外星人出来时，那个女孩正在购物。点拨上句与While the girl was shopping, the alien got out. 同义when 与while区分（1）“当的时候”，如后面连接的动词为进行时态，则用while多于用when。而when通常与瞬间性 动词或延续性不强的动词连用。（2）如果while前后的动词都是进行时态，while可译为“与此同时”。 I was reading while my brother was drawing. （3）当while前后的句子描述的情况相对或相反，while可译为“而”，while更强调并列的对比而非转 折。例如： I am out-going while my sister is quiet and shy. 我很外向，而我妹妹安静害羞。总之，when表示做某种动作的时间或瞬间，由其引导的时间状语的时态如果是一般过去时，其主句通常要用过去进行时。while表示略长的一段时间，由其引导的时间状语从句用过去进行时，而主句时态根据实际情况而定。随时练【考例】_ I was dancing, he was singing loudlyA. When B. While C. What D. Where【答案与解析】B。when表示做某种动作的时间或瞬间，由其引导的时间状语的时态如果是一般过去时，其主句通常要用过去进行时。while表示略长的一段时间，由其引导的时间状语从句用过去进行时，而主句时态根据实际情况而定。故本题选B。9. You can imagine how strange it was! 你能够想象到它是多么奇怪！点拨1本句是一个复合句，动词imagine后跟的是how引导的宾语从句。imagine“想象，设想”，后跟名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句。例如：Can you imagine life on the moon? 你能想象在月球上的生活情形吗?Close your eyes and imagine(that) youre in the forest闭上眼，想象你在森林中的情形。点拨2感叹句的用法：感叹句一般用how或what开头，用陈述语序，后面加“!”。常见结构：What + aan+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!(口语中主语、谓语常省去)What +形容词+名词(不可数名词或可数名词复数)+主语+谓语!How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!What a good idea it is! 多好的一个主意啊!What bad weather it was yesterday! 昨天天气多糟啊!How beautiful the garden is! 这个花园多么美丽啊!【考例】_wide the streets are! (2010 湖南长沙)A. What B. How C. What a【答案与解析】B。本题考查感叹句。感叹句结构有以下三种：What + aan+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!(口语中主语、谓语常省去) What +形容词+名词(不可数名词或可数名词复数)+主语+谓语! How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!本句中，空格后为形容词，streets为可数名词复数形式，故选B。10. I followed it to see where it was going, and I was very surprised when it went into a souvenir shop.我跟着它想看看它要去哪里，当我发现它进了一家纪念品商店时，我非常惊讶。点拨1follow“跟随，追随”。follow sb. / sth 跟随某人（某事物）。常用搭配：follow sb. to do sth.， “跟着某人做某事”。例如：Please follow me to read the story. 跟我读这个故事。点拨2be surprised 感到吃惊，主语为人。例如： He gave us a big surprise. 他令我们大吃一惊。 That movie has a surprising end. 这部电影结局很令人惊讶。随时练【考例】Were _ to hear the news.A. surprised B. surprise C. surprising D. a surprise 【答案与解析】A。be surprised“感到吃惊”，主语为人。故本题选A。11. It was really scared. 它真的很害怕。be scared （某人）给吓坏了，害怕了。 近义短语be afraid / frightened. 随时练【考例】Were _when we see the snakes.A. scared B. scare C. scares D. scaring 【答案与解析】A. be scared “（某人）给吓坏了，害怕了”。故本题选A。12. He shouted at me. So I stopped climbing.他冲着我喊，因此我停止了攀爬。shout at sb. 冲某人大叫 shout sth. 大叫某事物（shout his name）stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事随时练【考例】The teacher is coming. Lets stop _.A. talk B. to talking C. talked D. talking【答案与解析】D。stop doing sth. 停止做某事，stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事，老师来了，我们应该停止谈话。故本题选D。12. His flight around the Earth lasted about 22 hours.他环绕地球的飞行持续了约22小时。点拨1around 此处为介词，“围绕，环绕，在周围”。 还可以作副词，表示“大约，到处，在周围”。 例如：I will show you around. 我会带你在四周转转。 Itll be finished around Christmas. 这件事将大约在圣诞节结束。 I looked around, but could see nobody. 我四处望了望，看不见什么人。 点拨2last此处为动词，“持续，延续”。随时练【考例】The spring _ 3 months.A. last B. lasted C. lasts D. lasting【答案与解析】C。last动词，“持续，延续”。又因句子是一般现在时态，故本题选C。过去进行时和状语从句语法点拨：过去进行时和状语从句过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，例如：1. I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。2. They were waiting for you yesterday. 他们昨天一直在等你。3. He was cooking in the kitchen at 12 oclock yesterday. 昨天12点，他正在厨房烧饭。 过去进行时的构成：肯定形式：主语+was/were+V-ing否定形式：主语+was not (wasnt)/were not (werent)+V-ing疑问形式：Was/Were+主语+V-ing。基本用法： 1. 过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday)，when sb. did sth.等时间状语从句，例如：1）What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？2）I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。3）I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。2. when后通常用表示短暂性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，而while所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，例如：When the car exploded I was walking past it. = While I was walking past the car, it exploded. 当我在车旁走过时，车爆炸了。3. when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。例如：I was walking in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。 4. when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。例如：1）I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。2）We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。 过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较：1）过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完整的动作。 例如：They were writing letters to their friends last night. 昨晚他们在写信给他们的朋友。（没有说明信是否写完） They wrote letters to their friends last night. 他们昨晚写了信给他们的朋友。（表达了他们已写好的意思，整个写的过程已完成。）2）当动作延续较长时间时或表示厌烦、赞美等感情色彩时，常用过去进行时表示。 例如：He was thinking more of others than of himself. 他考虑别人的比考虑自己的多。（表示说话者赞扬的口气） The boy was always making trouble then. 那时，他总是惹麻烦。（表示说话者厌烦的口气）状语从句在复合句中，修饰主句的动词,形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、比较、目的、结果和让步等类型。(根据考试说明，前四个要求掌握，其它要求理解)时间状语（常由下列从属连词引导）when，as，while (当时候； 一边 一边；在期间)，before(在之前)，after (在之后)，as soon as（一 就 )since (自从时起到现在)，till/until (直到时) 等。例如：When my cousin came yesterday, I was playing volleyball.昨天我表哥来的时候，我在打排球。When the air moves, it is called wind. 空气流动，就产生风