How to Get the Main Idea.doc

How to Get the Main Idea?如何做主旨大意题? 高三英语科组 廖瑞燕Teaching Aims: Help the students master how to get the main idea of a passageImportant Points: 1.How to get the main idea of a passage 2. How to choose the correct answersDifficult Points: How to use the skills effectively to choose the best answersTeaching Methods: Task-oriented Teaching; Autonomic learning &TeamworkTeaching Procedures:Step1主旨大意题的解题技巧（1）题干形式：主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和归纳能力。题干中一般有main/general/central idea, mainly, topic, subject等字眼。（2）解题关键寻找主题句主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时在句中，也有可能没有主题句，这时需要根据文章内容进行归纳。Step2技巧的展示 一Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease (illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?Whats the topic sentence of this passage? _ 二Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.Whats the topic sentence of this passage? _ 三 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales trick is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buyer Beware B. Closeout(出清存货) Sale C. Crime Pays D. Buying a TV Set 四Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent educationTypes of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topic五 Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department.Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class. The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.59. What is mainly discussed in the text? A. Childrens reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs.C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program.Step 3 推敲正误小窍门（1） 正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。（2） 正确选项一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。（3） 四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案。（4） 干扰项特点：细节信息明显，内容片面，以偏概全，只含局部信息，或概括范围太宽或太窄，或是此选项没有具体的内容。Step 4 高考链接 (2009年高考题)A Lisa was running late. Lisa，25，had a lot to do at work，plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs， she started to feel uncomfortably warln. By the time she got to the platform，Lisa felt weak and tired-maybe it hadnt been a good idea to give blood the night before，she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks. Several yards away，Frank，43，and his girlfriend，Jennifer，found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying. But when he heard the scream，followed by someone yelling，“Oh，my God，she fell in!” Frank didnt hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. “No! Not you! ”his girlfriend screamed after him. She was right to be alarmed. By the time Frank reached Lisa，he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming. The train was about 20 seconds from the station. It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness，felt herself being pulled along the ground，and saw someone else holding her purse. Lisa thought shed been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shir