Lesson 3 高级英语.doc

Lesson Three1. catch n. a quantity that is caught 捕获量2. good adj. satisfactory; satisfying 理想的；令人满意的3. bow n. the front section of a ship or boat 船头 The waves were about five feet now, and the bow of the boat was leaping up and down.4. stern n. back end of a ship or boat 船尾 standing at/in the stern of the boat 站在船尾5. prospect n. 前景，前途；可能性；希望，期望，想到something expected; a possibility; chance of success, outlook experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in socks.The prospects of a good catch looked bleak.6. bleak n. 没有指望的；黯淡的；荒凉的；阴沉寒冷的providing no encouragement; depressing; (of a landscape) bare; exposed; wind-swept; (of the weather) cold and dreary a bleak winter day 冬天的一个阴冷日子.a bleak outlook/ prospect 黯淡的前景前途bleak hills, mountains, moors, etc 荒凉的丘陵 群山 旷野等7. lap v. lapping n. 拍打When water laps against something such as the shore or the side of a boat, it touches it gently and makes a soft sound. (WRITTEN) With a rising tide the water was lapping at his chin before rescuers arrived. The building was right on the river and the water lapped the walls. The only sound was the lapping of the waves.8. at rest motionless; inactive 静止的；不动的9. dune n. a hill or ridge of wind-blown sand 沙丘10. comparable to 相提并论；相媲美；相似或相当similar or equivalentThe achievements of an athlete and a writer are not comparable. 运动员的成就与作家的成就不能相提并论11. feed vt. 供给to supply with something essential for growth, maintenance, or operationThe lake is fed by several small streams. 这湖是由几条小溪的水汇聚而成的feed the fire (with wood) 往火里添柴12. divert vt. diversion n. 转向；转移to turn aside from a course or direction; to distractA ditch diverted water from the stream into the fields.Traffic was ordered to divert to another road because of the repair of the main road. 由于主干道在进行修理，所以命令车辆改道行驶A loud noise from the street diverted my attention.13. ill-considered adj. 考虑不充分的；不妥当的；不明智的unwise; foolish; not carefully thought about or plannedill-considered actions sure to result in disaster 必然导致灾难的不明智之举14. irrigation n. irrigate v. irrigable adj. 灌溉supply (land or crops) with water (by means of streams, reservoirs, channels, pipes, etc)irrigate desert areas to make them fertile 灌溉荒芜地区使之肥沃 an irrigation project 灌溉工程 irrigation canals 灌溉渠15. dock vt. （指船）进港, 进入船坞to maneuver (a vessel or vehicle) into or next to a dock16. ship vt. 运送 If people or things are shipped somewhere, they are sent there on a ship or by some other means of transport. Food is being shipped to drought-stricken Southern Africa.VB: usu. passive 17. rail n. 铁路the railroad as a means of transportationgoods transported by rail 通过铁路运输的货物18. underlying adj. 基础的；基本的；出现但不明显的；隐含的basic; fundamental; present but not obvious; implicit an underlying meaning19. slip vt. 穿上；脱去to put on or remove (clothing) easily or quicklyslip on a sweater; slipped off her shoes 穿上一件羊毛衫；脱下她的鞋20. cracked adj. 皲裂的; 有裂缝的broken so that fissures appear on the surface a cracked mirror/ dry, cracked lips21. peel vi. 剥落；剥皮to come off in thin strips or pieces, as bark, skin, or paint Her sunburned skin began to peel. 22. glacier n. 冰河，冰川A huge mass of ice slowly flowing over a land mass, formed from compacted snow in an area where snow accumulation exceeds melting and sublimation 23. emission n. emit vi. something emitted 发射物; 排放物dust emission 粉尘排放24. accessible adj. access n. 易接近的，易进入的easily approached or entereda beach accessible only from the sea 只能从海上到达的沙滩 documents not accessible to the public 公众无法接触到的文件25. pick up speed= accelerate /speed up 加速26. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳27. upwind adv. downwind adv. 逆风的，顶风的in or toward the direction from which the wind blowsIf were upwind of the animal it may smell our scent. 要是我们处於那动物的上风位置, 它就能闻到我们的气味28. runway n. 跑道a strip of level, usually paved ground on which aircraft take off and land29. chart vt. & n. to make a chart of 绘制的图表30. inexorable adj. 无动于衷的；无情的；不可阻挡的(AmE) not capable of being persuaded by entreaty; relentless (BrE) (formal) (of a process) that cannot be stopped or changedan inexorable opponent 无情的对手inexorable price rises 无法抑制的物价上涨 their inexorable fate 他们无可变更的命运a feeling of inexorable doom31. measurement n. 测量得的尺寸、数量、容量等the dimension, quantity, or capacity determined by measuring32. graph n. 曲线图, 坐标图=plot；图表 =bar chart/ pie chart(diagram consisting of a) line or lines (often curved) showing the variation of two quantities, eg the temperature at each hour: the rising graph of crime statistics 33. push up/down 使稳步上升；使逐步下降to increase or decrease an amount, value, or number Slow sales have pushed down orders. 34. pitch vt. to erect or establish; set up 树起，搭起，建立pitched a tent/ pitch camp 搭帐蓬；扎营35. slab n. 厚片a broad, flat, thick piece, as of cake, stone, or cheesepaved with stone slabs 以石板铺成的 massive slabs of rock 巨大的石板 a slab of cheese, chocolate 一块乾酪 巧克力36. frigid adj. 寒冷的, 特别的冷；冷淡的；生硬的Extremely cold; not showing any feelings of friendship or kindness; stiff and formal in mannera frigid voice/ glance There was a frigid atmosphere in the room. 冷淡的气氛a frigid climate/ zone/ air 37. hearty adj. satisfying; substantial 丰盛的a hearty meal38. snowmobile n.= skimobile automobile n. 雪地机动车a small vehicle with ski like runners in front and tank like treads, used for driving in or traveling on snow. Also called 39. rendezvous n. 会面地点a prearranged meeting place, especially an assembly point for troops or ships.40. hover vi. 滑翔，悬浮，盘旋 to remain floating, suspended, or fluttering in the air Beautiful butterflies hovered above the wild flowers. A police helicopter hovered overhead. Mist hovered in all the valleys. 41. take on 让乘客上车If a vehicle such as a bus or ship takes on passengers, goods, or fuel, it stops in order to allow them to get on or to be loaded on. This is a brief stop to take on passengers and water. 42. submerge vi. 潜入水中to go under or as if under waterThe submarine submerged to avoid enemy ships. 43. polar cap 极地冰冠either of the regions around the poles of the earth that are permanently covered with ice44. secure vt. To make certain; ensure 确定；确保Despite making several good jokes, he could not secure the goodwill of the audience. 尽管他说了几个有趣的笑话，但是仍无法确定观众是否接受他The new law will secure the civil rights of the mentally ill. 这一新法则可保障精神病患者享有公民权45. release vt. & n. 发布；透露If someone in authority releases something such as a document or information, they make it available. Theyre not releasing any more details yet. Figures released yesterday show retail sales were down in March.46. sonar n. 声纳a system using transmitted and reflected underwater sound waves to detect and locate submerged objects or measure the distance to the floor of a body of water 47. surface vi. to rise to the surface 升到地面（或水面等）48. eerie adj. 怪诞的, 可怕的, 不安的, 奇异的 If you describe something as eerie, you mean that it seems strange and frightening, and makes you feel nervous. I walked down the eerie dark path. .an eerie calm49. windswept adj. 风刮的，受风侵袭的exposed to or swept by winds the windswept Atlantic coast50. define vt. 勾画出的轮廓或外形to delineate the outline or form of gentle hills that were defined against the sky 在天空的衬托下显得轮廓分明的丘陵51. hummock n. 冰丘；冰脊或冰山；小丘，圆岗；山脊 a ridge or hill of ice in an ice field ; a low mound or ridge of earth; a knoll 52. ridge n. 山脊; 山脉narrow stretch of high land along the top of a line of hills; long mountain range53. range n. 山脉an extended group or series, especially a row or chain of mountains54. polar region/ polar bear/ polar ice/ polar cap55. crucial adj. 极其重要的; 决定性的extremely significant or important. Vital to the resolution of a crisis; decisive a crucial problem56. disastrous adj. disaster n. 灾难性的；不幸的；极坏的，很糟的accompanied by or causing distress or disaster; calamitous; extremely bad; terrible a disastrous report card 极糟的成绩报告单57. speculative adj. speculate vt. speculation n. 猜测性的，推测的given to conjecture or speculationMuch of our information is speculative. 我们的许多信息是带推测性的58. dramatic adj. 引人注目的arresting or forceful in appearance or effectdramatic changes, developments, news59. distribution n. distribute vt. 分布(instance of the) positioning or allocation of items, features, etc within an area:the distribution of schools in this district 这个区里的学校分布情况 Pines have a very wide distribution. 松树的分布很广60. controversial adj. 有争议的; 引起争论的 of, producing, or marked by controversya controversial movie; a controversial stand on human rights.controversy n. 论争, 辩论, 论战 controvert vt. 议论, 辩论 vi.参加辩论61. establish vt. to make firm or secure 确立, 确定, 证实, 认可 The new evidence establishes the suspects guilt.62. tundra n. 苔原; 冻土地带a treeless area between the icecap and the tree line of Arctic regions, having a permanently frozen subsoil and supporting low-growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and stunted shrubs 63. spring snowmelt 融雪期a period or season when the runoff from melting snow occurs 64. equator n. 赤道imaginary line (or one drawn on a map, etc) around the earth at an equal distance from the North and South Poles65. billow vi. 鼓起；飘扬，飘动；（浓烟）滚滚(of a sail, skirt, etc.) to fill with air and swell out; if smoke, cloud, etc. billows, it rises and moves in a large massThe curtains billowed gently in the breeze.A great cloud of smoke billowed out of the chimney.66. immense adj. extremely large 巨大的；广大的immense difficulties, problems, possibilities 巨大的困难问题可能性of immense importance 极为重要的67. slash v. 猛砍；乱砍to cut or try to cut something violently with a knife, sword etc Someone had slashed the tires.68. assault n. and vt. 攻击，抨击a violent physical or verbal attackHe has been charged with assaulting a police officer. sexual assaults an unsuccessful assault on the enemy lines69. signal vt. to relate or make known by signals 表明；表示；预示They have signaled their willingness to negotiate. 70. distress n. & vt. 恶化，损坏；Physical deterioration, as of a highway, caused by hard use over time:pavement distress71. distressing adj. 使人痛苦的; 令人苦恼的distressful, causing distress distressing news 使人难过的消息 a distressing sight 令人伤感的情景72. latitude n. 纬度 distance of a place north or south of the equator, measured in degrees73. altitude n. height above sea-level 高度；海拔74. longitude n. 经线distance east or west of the Greenwich meridian, measured in degrees75. ecological balance/ the global ecological system76. in progress 正在进展中 If something is in progress, it has started and is still continuing. The game was already in progress when we took our seats. The diaries are a mixture of confession, work in progress and observation.77. blot out 遮盖If one thing blots out another thing, it is in front of the other thing and prevents it from being seen. About the time the three climbers were halfway down, clouds blotted out the sun. . with mist blotting everything out except the endless black of the spruce on either side.78. cloak vt. 掩盖；隐藏to cover or hide or conceal with or as if with a cloak The hills were cloaked in thick mist. The meeting was cloaked in mystery.79. shimmer vi. 闪光，发闪烁之微光to shine with a subdued, flickering lightmoonlight shimmering on the lake 湖面上闪烁的月光 The surface of the road shimmered in the heat of the sun. 路面在烈日的热气中发出闪烁的微光.80. translucent adj. 半透明的transmitting light but causing sufficient diffusion to prevent perception of distinct images81. transparent adj. 透明的capable of transmitting light so that objects or images can be seen as if there were no intervening material82. buildup n. 增加，增强; 集结, 累积a gradual increase in something a heavy build-up of traffic on the motorway83. methane n. = natural gas 甲烷84. landfill n. 垃圾填埋地；垃圾填埋法Landfill is a method of getting rid of very large amounts of rubbish by burying it in a large deep hole.A landfill is a large deep hole in which very large amounts of rubbish are buried.85. (rice) paddy 稻田a specially irrigated or flooded field where rice is grown86. termite n. 白蚁small insect, found chiefly in tropical areas, that is very destructive to timber (popularly called white ant, but not of the ant family)87. biomass n. 用作燃料或能源的植物材料、蔬菜或农业废弃物plant material, vegetation, or agricultural waste used as a fuel or energy source88. condense vi. 凝结，冷凝to cause (a gas or vapor) to change to a liquidSteam condenses/is condensed into water when it touches a cold surface.89. simultaneous adj. 同时的；同时发生的happening, existing, or done at the same timesimultaneous demonstrations in London and New York 在伦敦与纽约同时举行的示威游行 The explosion was timed to be simultaneous with the planes take-off.90. theatre n. 战场a large geographic area in which military operations are coordinatedthe European theater during World War II.91. operation n. 运转；工作；操作（方式）way in which something worksI can use a word processor but I dont understand its operation.the operation of the global environment 全球环境的运行机制92. at stake =at risk 濒临危险；得失攸关to be won or lost; being risked, depending on the outcome of an event This decision puts our lives at stake. 这麽一决定, 我们的生命就吉凶难卜了 93. strategic adj. 战略性的；重大的，关键的important or essential in relation to a plan of action; giving an advantage; right for a particular purposea strategic position, move 战略地位 行动 a strategic withdrawalstrategic bombing, eg of industrial areas and communication centers 战略轰炸 strategic materials, ie those that are necessary for war 战略物资94. chlorine n. 氯95. disrupt vt. 干扰，扰乱; 使陷入混乱 to throw into confusion or disorderProtesters disrupted the candidates speech.96. regulate vt. regulation n. 调节; 调整to adjust to a particular specification or requirementregulate temperature97. ultraviolet radiation 紫外线辐射98. molecule n. 分子; 微粒smallest unit (usu consisting of a group of atoms) into which a substance can be divided without a change in its chemical nature A molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. 99. pose vt. to put forward; present 造成，形成; 引起pose a threat to 对构成威胁to pose an obstacle to 成为障碍100. retain vt. 保持，保留to keep or hold in a particular place, condition, or positionto retain ones balanceretain ones presence of mind 镇定自若retain an appearance of youtha vessel to retain water101. equilibrium n. 平衡，均衡a condition in which all acting influences are canceled by others, resulting in a stable, balanced, or unchanging system102. ocean current 海流; 洋流A current is a steady and continuous flowing movement of some of the water in a river, lake, or sea. Under normal conditions, the ocean currents of the tropical Pacific travel from east to west.103. location n. 地方：地点a place where something is or could be located; a site104. have a large impact on have a lasting effect on105. reshape vt. 改造; 重塑; 给以新的形式to shape, form, or organize again or anewexercises to reshape your bodyTheir policies set out to reshape the welfare system.106. concrete n. & adj. 混凝土；具体的；实在的107. pervasive adj. pervade v. pervasion n. 弥漫的；遍布的having the quality or tendency to pervade o