M7U1 reading and project回归教材与翻译.doc

M7U1 The evolution of video and sound devicesPart I Fill in the blanks and pay attention to the words or phrases underlined.Early history of TVThe first public TV broadcasts 1._(make)in the USA in 1925. Later, in 1928, the first long-distance TV broadcast was made between the UK 2._ the USA. Regular public broadcasting followed 3._(short) afterwards, first beginning on 11 May 1928 in New York and on 20 August 1929 in London.Many different people contributed 4._ the development of TV. Most early TV broadcasts were made using a system 5._(develop) by John Logie Baird in the UK. However, his system was very primitive and had many drawbacks. An American, Philo Farnsworth, made important breakthroughs in the development of TV in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Modern TVs use many of the 6._(principle) first discovered by Farnsworth.John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928, 7._ it was not until 1938 that the first color TV programme was broadcast. It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for regular color TV broadcasts 8._(begin) in the USA. Regular color TV broadcasts were delayed in the UK until 1967. 9._, within a short time, nearly all TV broadcasts were made in color, and within five years more color TVs 10._ black-and-white TVs were being used.The modern age: satellite TVSatellites were used 1._(broadcast) TV beginning in 1962. Satellites allow TV to be broadcast live over vast distances, with everyone receiving the same broadcast 2._ the same time. They also make TV3._(access)to people who live far away from cities, and satellite dishes can often be seen distributed throughout the countryside and remote areas. Of course, only a small percentage of people own satellite dishes. However, most people still benefit4._ satellite TV, as local TV companies broadcast the signals they get from satellite receivers to the population 5._(live) nearby.Early history of sound recordersIt all began in 1877, 6._Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice on his invention, the record player. Early record players used round tubes to record on. However, in 1887, Emile Berliner, 7._ German living in the USA, invented a record player 8._ used discs as alternatives to tubes, and so the modern record player was born. The first record players had to 9._(wind)up by hand and only played records that were two minutes long. Times 10._(sure) have changed!Sound and video recordersIn 1928, the first tape recorders used to copy sound were made in Germany. Most early recorders employed steel tape to record on, 1._made them heavy and difficult to use, or paper tape, which was easier to use but often broke. It was not until the early 1950s2._ most tape recorders began using plastic tapes as they do today. Meanwhile, electrical components 3._(eventual)became so small that, by the late 1960, portable cassette players were developed, along 4._ video recorders which were used by TV stations. By the late 1970s, video recorders small and cheap enough for home use were introduced.Sound and video go digitalIn 1982, the first CDs were made available. CDs are often used for storing and playing music because they have a much 5._(good) sound quality than traditional records and cassettes. In 1993, the VCD was born, and in 1995, the DVD 6._(invent). The DVD is now the standard for recording and playing back video.The future7. _ the development of digital technology, sound and video can now be stored on a PC, on the internet, or using some form of portable 8._(store). This will soon make records, cassette recorders, CDs, DVDs and even TVs things of the past. Technology now 9._(change) faster than most people can keep pace with. Who can foresee 10._ the future will bring? 影像和声音设备的发展电视的早期历史无线电视传输节目于1925年在美国首次公开播出。随后在1928年，英美两国之间第一次实现了远距离电视播送。之后不久便开始定期向公众播放，在纽约的开播时间是1928年5月11日，在伦敦的开播时间是1929年8月20日。很多不同的人对电视的发展做出了贡献。早期电视大多使用有英国人约翰洛吉贝尔德开发的系统。然而，他的系统非常原始，有许多缺点。20世纪20年代末和30年代初，美国人斐洛法恩斯沃斯在电视的研发上取得了重大突破。现代电视机使用了许多由法恩斯沃斯首先发现的原理。约翰洛吉贝尔德于1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。彩色电视节目到1951年才得以在美国定期播出，其间经历了二十多年的时间。在英国，定期的彩色电视节目的播出一直延迟至1967年。然而，在短时间内，几乎所有的电视节目都被制作成了彩色的，不出五年，彩色电视机的使用率就超过了黑白电视机。当代：卫星电视卫星用于播送电视节目始于1962年。卫星让远距离直播电视节目成为可能，大家在同一时间可以收到相同的电视节目。它们也使远离城市的人们可以收看电视，在农村和边远地区经常可以看到卫星天线。当然，只有一小部分人拥有自己的卫星天线。然而，大多数人仍然受益于卫星电视，因为当地的电视公司把从卫星接收器接收到的信号传送给附近的居民。录音机的早期历史一切始于1877年，这一年托马斯爱迪生用他发明的留声机第一次录制了人的声音。早期的录音机是使用圆管记录声音的。然而，在1887年，一位侨居美国的德国人埃米尔贝利纳发明了使用唱片来代替圆管的留声机，这样现代录音机就诞生了。最早的留声机必须手摇上发条，而且只能播放两分钟长的录音。时代确实已经改变！录音机和录像机1928年，第一批磁带录音机在德国制造出来。大多数最早的录音机用钢质磁带或者纸质磁带录音。钢质磁带很沉，使用起来困难；纸质磁带用起来虽方便，但常常破损。直到20世纪50年代初，大多数录音机才开始使用塑料磁带，就跟现在一样。同时，电器元件最终变得很小，到60年代后期，便携式录音机被研制出来，电视台使用的录像机也随之出现。到了20世纪70年代末，足够小巧而价廉的家用录像机被采用。声音和视频数字化1982年，最早的CD光盘出现了。它们通常用来存储和播放音乐，其音质远远胜过任何传统的唱片和卡带录音机。1993年VCD诞生，1995年DVD问世。目前，DVD是标准的视频录制和回放设备。未来展望随着数字技术的发展，声音和视频现在可以储存在个人电脑上、互联网上，或使用某种形式的便携式储存设备储存。这将很快使唱片、卡带录音机、CD、DVD甚至电视成为过去。技术变革快得大多数人难以跟上。谁能预见未来会带来什么呢?To phone or not to phone?In the USA ,the Amish-a Christian group-are famous because they drive carriages instead 1._cars,do not use TVs or refrigerators,and do not have 2._(person) telephones.Many people assume the Amish must have religious reasons for their many rules,3._ this is not true.In truth/fact/reality(=actually),whenever a new technology 4._( introduce),the Amish meet and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.They then vote on 5._ they will accept it .The Amish reject cars because they like having tight communities 6._everyone lives close together .They have no TVs or refrigerators because their homes do not have electricity-they do not think it is necessary and dislike 7._(deal)with strangers,such as the people 8._ work at the electric company.Since the Amish value seeing each other face to face ,they oppose having telephones in their houses.However ,in each community there is often 9._ small building that has a telephone for 10._(emergency).The telephone is very convenient for 1._(communicate) ,and most people in the world today cannot live 2._it.However ,maybe the Amish have a valid point.Which is more of a friend,someone you often talk to over the phone 3._ someone you often talk to face to face ?And if you need help, who can help you better,someone far away or someone in the room with you? There is something important about being together and sharing life that cannot 4._(find) over a telephone wire.There are other disadvantages to the telephone 5._ well.For example,no matter what the circumstances,when the phone rings,everything stops so 6._ the call can be answered.Your family could be eating dinner or chatting together,yet this will be interrupted.However, most phone calls are not really that important;certainly,they could not be 7._ important than family time .Then,when you are absorbed /lost 8._ a book or simply trying to rest,the phone always seems to be ringing ,9._(destroy) whatever peace you might have.However,the person calling is often 10._(mere)a salesman or someone who has dialed wrong number.With mobile phones,these problems increase.How many times have you been talking with a friend,only for your friend to interrupt the conversation1._(answer) a call? For some reason,a typical mobile phone call is nearly always given2._(great) importance than a face-to-face conversation .Yet,once again ,most mobile phone calls are about rather small matters.When asked later 3._ the call was about,your friend always answers.Oh,nothing really.4._ the call was really about nothing,then why was it so important as to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time?Of course,5._(use) the mobile phone for text messages is the worst.In one study ,girls average 80 text messages a day ,and boys average 30.What do people talk about in text messages?While these messages always seem important at the time, most people cannot really remember6._ the next day.Phones and text messages focus on building relationships with many people.However,these relationships are often quite shallow.Many teenagers say that 7._they have a lot of friends,they really have no best friend.The use of technology for communication rather8._talking face to face is one reason why this is true.Meanwhile,real relationships are often sacrificed,and whatever personal peace one has is destroyed whenever the phone rings .The Amish in general have a higher degree of mental health than most people.They have very calm and stable lives because they value community and living in peace above all else,9._(especial) new technology.Maybe they are right.Maybe we should throw all of our phones into the dustbin,along with our cars and TVs for good measure.Maybe we should rid ourselves 10._modern technology and return simpler times .Whats that?Sorry,I have to go.The phones ringingM7U1打电话还是不打？在美国，阿曼门诺派（一个基督教团体）很有名，因为这个教派的教徒不开汽车而使用非机动车，不用电视和冰箱，也没有私人电话。许多人认为阿曼门诺派有这么多规矩，肯定是因为宗教原因，但事实并非如此。实际上，每当出现一项新技术，阿曼门诺派教徒便开会讨论其优点和缺点。然后，他们投票决定是否要接受它。阿曼门诺派教徒拒绝汽车，因为他们喜欢享有关系紧密的社区，在这里大家一起住得很近。他们没有电视机和电冰箱，因为他们的家没有电他们认为电力并非必需，而且他们不喜欢与陌生人打交道，例如那些在电力公司工作的人。由于阿曼门诺派教徒重视彼此面对