network-type.doc

R2和R3的基本配置： R2：interface Loopback0 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0! interface Serial1/0 ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay /封装Frame-relay no frame-relay inverse-arp /关闭反向ARP解析，防止动态形成PVC frame-relay map ip 12.1.1.3 101 broadcast !router ospf 10 router-id 2.2.2.2 network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R3：interface Loopback0 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0!interface Serial1/1 ip address 12.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relayframe-relay map ip 12.1.1.2 102 broadcast no frame-relay inverse-arp!router ospf 10 router-id 3.3.3.3network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0Type1-Non_Broadcast（默认）我们在R2上show ip ospf neighbor，发现没有邻居。说明在这种情况下邻居需要手动配置！配置如下：R2：R2(config)#router ospf 10R2(config-router)#neighbor 12.1.1.3R3：R3(config)#router ospf 10R3(config-router)#neighbor 12.1.1.2此时在R2上查看邻居：R2#sho ip ospf nei Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface3.3.3.3 1 FULL/DR 00:01:46 12.1.1.3 Serial1/0发现邻居已经形成并且有DR与BDR的选举！在R2上查看接口R2#show ip ospf interfaceSerial1/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0 Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1 Designated Router (ID) 3.3.3.3, Interface address 12.1.1.3 Backup Designated router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 12.1.1.2 Flush timer for old DR LSA due in 00:01:40 Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5在这种网络类型中，hello的间隔是30s。打开debug信息，我们可以看到在这种网络类型中，OSPF的数据包是单播传送的。R2#debug ip ospf events*Aug 14 14:52:52.819: OSPF: Send hello to 12.1.1.3 area 0 on Serial1/0 from 12.1.1.2R2#*Aug 14 14:52:57.087: OSPF: Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0 12.1.1.3*Aug 14 14:52:57.091: OSPF: End of hello processingType2- Broadcast首先去掉刚才手动配置的邻居关系：R2(config)#router ospf 10R2(config-router)#no neighbor 12.1.1.3 R3(config)#router ospf 10R3(config-router)#no neighbor 12.1.1.2将R2和R3接口的网络类型改成broadcastR2(config-router)#int s1/0R2(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcastR3(config-router)#int s1/1R3(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcast一会我们就看到了如下信息R3#*Aug 14 14:59:52.823: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done这说明了在这种网络类型下是不需要手动配置邻居关系的！R2#show ip ospf nei Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface3.3.3.3 1 FULL/DR 00:00:39 12.1.1.3 Serial1/0有DR与BDR的选举。R2#sho ip ospf intSerial1/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0 Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 64 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1 Designated Router (ID) 3.3.3.3, Interface address 12.1.1.3 Backup Designated router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 12.1.1.2 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Hello时间间隔为10s。R2#*Aug 14 15:02:20.443: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on Serial1/0 from 12.1.1.2*Aug 14 15:02:20.959: OSPF: Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0 12.1.1.3*Aug 14 15:02:20.963: OSPF: End of hello processing使用224.0.0.5这个组播地址传送数据包。Type3- Point-to-Point将R2，R3接口的网络类型改成Point-to-PointR2(config-if)#ip ospf net point-to-pointR3(config-if)#ip ospf net point-to-point很快我们就可以看到如下信息R3(config-if)#*Aug 14 15:06:07.559: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done说明这种网络类型也不需要手动指定邻居R2#sho ip ospf nei Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:00:37 12.1.1.3 Serial1/0没有DR/BDR的选举R2#sh ip ospf intSerial1/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0 Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT, Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5Hello时间间隔为10sR2#*Aug 14 15:08:25.311: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on Serial1/0 from 12.1.1.2R2#*Aug 14 15:08:30.259: OSPF: Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0 12.1.1.3*Aug 14 15:08:30.263: OSPF: End of hello processing同样也是使用224.0.0.5这个组播地址传送数据。Type4- Point-to-Multipoint将接口改为Point-to-MultipointR2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipointR3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint*Aug 14 15:10:51.739: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done同样也不需要手动指定邻居R2#sho ip ospf nei Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:01:48 12.1.1.3 Serial1/0没有DR和BDR的选举R2#sho ip ospf intSerial1/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0 Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5Hello时间间隔为30sR2#*Aug 14 15:12:49.759: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on Serial1/0 from 12.1.1.2R2#*Aug 14 15:12:57.443: OSPF: Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0 12.1.1.3*Aug 14 15:12:57.447: OSPF: End of hello processing以224.0.0.5这个组播地址发送数据Type5- Point-to-Multipoint（Non_Broadcast）改变接口类型为Point-to-Multipoint(Non_Broadcast)R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcastR3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast这个时候邻居没有被自动发现。我们在R2上手动指定邻居R2(config-if)#router ospf 10R2(config-router)#neighbor 12.1.1.3R2(config-router)#*Aug 14 15:18:38.955: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done邻居只要在一边指定即可。说明在这种网络类型下邻居需要手动指定。R2#sho ip ospf nei Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ -