The Romantic Period.doc

The Romantic PeriodBackgroundIndustrial Revolution and French Revolution had a strong influence in Britain literature. Fighting for “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity” also becomes British national spirit.Age of WordsworthMarkRomanticism prevailed during the period of 1798-1832, beginning with the publication of Wordsworths Lyrical Ballads, ending with Walter Scotts death.SpiritThe great literary impulse of the age is the impulse of Individualism in a wonderful varied of forms.WhyIts great men of genius were mostly eminent in the poetical field, distinction was more easily achieved in poetry than in prose, and the general taste was decidedly set in the poetic direction.PhenomenonFor poetry is the highest form of literary expression, and poetry seems to have been most in harmony with the noblest powers of the English genius.The young enthusiasts turned as naturally to poetry as a happy man to singing.LiteraturePoetryScott, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats, Moore, and SoutheyThe glory of the age is in the poetryProseScottattained a very wide readingNovelJane Austenslowly won for their authors a secure place in the history of English literatureEssayCharles LambDramaThe only great literary form that was not adequately representedDuring the nineteenth century, the drama seems to have been practically superseded by the novel as a medium for the portrayal of its complex forms of life and character.Lake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey.William WordsworthStructureThe majority of poems in the collection Lyrical Ballads were written by Wordsworth. Coleridges chief contribution was his masterpiece The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.ThemeMany of Wordsworth s poems in the Lyrical Ballads were devoted to the position of landless and homeless peasantsSincerely sympathizing with the poor, he at the same time severely criticized capitalism.LanguageIn his poems Wordsworth aimed at simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18 century poetry.The poet was a passionate lover of nature and his description of lakes and river, of a meadows and woods, of skies and clouds are exquisite.Great poemsLines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey, The Prelude, The ExcursionWilliam Wordsworth (1770-1850)Friendship with Coleridgev Though different, they published Lyrical Ballads (1798).v “Lake poets”vPoetry is spontaneousv All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.v Subjects: common things, common people, common incidents from common lifev “The Solitary Reaper” is simple and common with profound feelings.v “Ode to Duty” marks a change in his attitude towards life from optimism to pessimism. 义务颂Nature inspires poetryv The most elementary sensations of man in his dialogue with nature are universal and old.v “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”v “Intimations of Immortality” 不朽颂v “Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey”v “My Heart Leaps Up”vCommon subjects can be poeticv Themes: searching and revealing the feelings of common people, such as rural life and ordinary people in the English countrysidev He showed mans association with nature.v He rejected the contemporary emphasis on form and an intellectual way.6. The Romantic period is an age of poetry.浪漫主义时代也是诗歌的时代。7. They believed that poetry could purify both individual souls and the society.他们（浪漫主义代表诗人布莱克，华兹华斯，科勒律治，拜伦，雪莱及济恩）认为诗歌是医治社会顽疾的良药，可以净化人的灵魂。8. Wordsworth defines the poet as a “man speaking to men,” and poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquillity.”华兹华斯认为诗人是对着广大人民讲话的人，而诗歌是强烈情感的自发流露，发乎情，止乎静。9. Imagination, defined by Coleridge, is the vital faculty that creates new wholes out of disparate elements.想象是在全无联系的各种元素上创立新型整体的一种超凡的官能。10. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true poetry.浪漫主义者不仅推崇想象，还强调灵感与创作的自发性，认为有这两种才智才能创造出真正的诗歌。11. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic.浪漫主义者们还体现了强烈的民族精神。12. To the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules. They would turn to the humble people and the common everyday life for subjects.浪漫主义诗人却打破这些格律，他们会在穷苦百姓及日常生活中找寻素材。(II)William Wordsworth威廉.华兹华斯25. The poet Robert Southey as well as Coleridge lived nearby, and the three men became known as the “Lake Poets”.诗人骚塞,科勒律治也居住在同一地城,三人并称为”湖畔诗人”。26. In 1842 he received a government pension, and in the following year he succeeded Southey as Poet Laureate.1842年政府为他发了津贴，次年他压倒骚塞成为了“桂冠诗人”。27. According to the subject, Wordsworths short poems can be classified into two group: poems about nature and poems about human life.按照主题，华的短诗可分为两大类：关于自然的和关于人类生活的。28. Wordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper of nature.”华被称为”大自然的膜拜者”。29. Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes.华认为普通人的普通生活应是文学的主题，她的作品大多描述普通百姓的喜怒哀乐。30. His works contain “The Solitary Reaper”, “To a Highland Girl”, ”The Old Cumberland Beggar ” and “The Ruined Cottage”.他的作品包括孤独的收割者，致高地姑娘，老坎伯兰的乞丐和被摧毁的茅屋。31. In its daring use of subject mater and sense of then authenticity of the experience of the poorest, “Resolution and Independence” is the triumphant conclusion of ideas first developed in the Lyrical Ballads.通过大胆运用这样的主题，同时对贫苦人民生活经历的描写拥有极大的可信度，“革命与独立”则成为抒情歌谣集中成功的结论，这在英国诗歌历史上也是第一次。32. Wordsworth is a poet in memory of the past .华兹华斯是一个怀旧的诗人。33. Wordsworths deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the truth of experience produced a kind of pure and profound poetry which no other poet has ever equaled.华兹华斯对简洁朴素的风格的追求，对粉饰真实的厌恶使他的诗歌具有别人无法企及的纯净与深远之美。34. he maintained that the scenes and even