初中非谓语动词难点解析及练习.doc

非谓语动词难点解析1. 使役动词 用不带to的动词不定式做宾补makehave sb. do sth. “使/让某人做某事” let 例：He made me laugh 他让我发笑。 Please have him come here. 请叫他到这里来。 Dont let him do all these things alone. 别让他一个人做这些事情。 注： 这种用法中，当使役动词为被动语态时，省略了to要还原，例： He always makes his sister cry,but today he was made to cry by his sister. The students are often made _ (take) different extra classes after school.He was often heard _ (sing) English songs. 用过去分词做宾补 make have sb/sth. done 使某事被做； 使某人被 let 注意： 此种情况中，做宾补的动词与前面的宾语之间为被动关系。 例：She has her hair washed everyday. The room is old, we must have it repainted. His English is not very well,so he cannot make himself understood by the foreigners very well.对比： She has her hair washed everyday. (叫别人洗) She washed her hair everyday. （自己洗）1.-Didyouhaveanyone_thehouse？ -yes,Ihavegotthehouse_well A.toclean,clean B.cleancleaned C.toclean,cleaned2.His mothers bike is broken. She will have it _(repair). 用adj.做宾补 make sb/sth. adj. 使某人/某事怎么样或处于某种状态 例： Helping others can make us happier. I like my Chinese teacher. He always makes his classes _(interest).另：注意have 表示“有”时，常用to do 做宾补: have sth to do 如： I have something to tell you. I have no new clothes to wear. to do sth. 常可用来表示行为的目的，做目的状语 如： To get a healthy body, you must take more exercise. He do many part-time jobs to make more money. 2. 感观动词 用不带to的动词不定式或现在分词做宾补 hear/see/find sb doing sth. 听/看见/发现某人正在做某事（动作正在进行） hear/see/find sb do sth. 听/看见/发现某人做了某事（动作已完成，或看/听见某人做某事的全过程 经常看/听见某人做某事注意：当感观动词为被动语态时，宾被若为省略了to的动词不定式，则要把to还原.例： Every moring he was seen to dance on the playground. Jim noticed a purse _(lie) on the ground on his way to school.The boy saw a basket _(hang) in the tree.When the teacher came in，I noticed him _(smile).He was often heard _(sing) English songs. 用 adj.做宾补 find sb./sth. + adj. 发现某人/物怎么样 或处于某状态例：I find Sichuan Dish very delicious.When I came back home, I found the door closed.He didnt pass the exam.I found him _(frustrate)3. 形式主语，形式宾语 (当代英语中，通常用it 做形式主语或宾语，特别是当主语或宾语较长时)“it + be + 表语（形容词 / 名词）+ to do sth.” 形式主语 真正的主语 例 It is my duty to take care that patient. 照料那位病人是我的职责。（做主语的不定式to take care that patient 后置，it 为形式主语）It is not an easy thing to learn a foreign language well.掌握一门外语不是件容易的事。It isnt right to give up your dream when you meet some difficulties. 碰到一些困难就放弃自己的梦想是不对的。 make(find/think/feel等) + it adj./n. to do sth. 形式宾语 宾补 真正的宾语 例：Marx found it important to listen to music at least ten minutes a day. I felt it an honour to be inviteed to give a speech here. Never give up, and youll make it possible to realize what you dream of some day.4. 动词或动词短语做主语与祈使句的区别 动名词做主语,动词或动词与后面接的宾语一起充当主语，后面一定有担当谓语的动词。祈使句是省略了主语的陈述句，主语一般是you，所以一般是以动词原形开头的，后面接的是作宾语的名词。 开关的动词原形就是这句话的谓语。 Spending more time on your weak subject is a good way to improve it. Spend more time on your weak subject, and youll improve it some day. 辨一辨：_(keep) fit is not a easy job for some people._(keep) fit and youll find your life more energetic._(keep) fit he eats vegetable and fruit and plays sports everyday.5. 过去分短语做定语过去分短语做定语，放在被修饰词的后面做后置定语，与前面被修饰的词间是被动关系。The boy named John is my friend.那个叫约翰的男孩是我朋友。 = whose name is JohnI like reading the novels written by Mark Twain.我喜欢读马克吐温写的小说。 = that/which are written by Mark Twain Do you the cat _ (name) Garfield? Have you heard of the musical _(call) The Phantom Of the Opera.? Do you like the film _(direct) by Feng Xiaogang? Exercises 1( )1. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow( )2.The missing boy was last seen _ near the river. A. playing B.to be playing C. play D. to play( )3.It takes me 30 minutes_to school bu bike evey day. A.going B.to go C.goes D.go( )4.Its not easy_us _ a foreign language. A.for; learning B.of; learning C.of; to learn D.for; to learn( )5.Children find _interesting to play computer games. A.that B.which C.it D.he( )6.Do you think it important_computer well? A.play B.plays C.to play D.playing( )7.Is _necessary to complete the design before National Day？ A. this B.that C.it D.he( )8. I had my watch _ yesterday. A repair B repaired C to repair D repairing( )9.He often has us _ many exercises after class.A.do B to do C done D doing( )10. I like _ very much, but I dont like _ this morning.A. swimming, swimming B. to swim, to swim C. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming( )11. -“Did you close the door?” -“Yes, I remember _ it.” A. to close B. to closing C. closing D. closed( )12. Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. having put back C. to put back D. will put back( )13. Im sorry I forgot _ your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming. A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing( )14. My brother regretted _ a lesson taught by Professor Liu. A. missing B. to miss C. missed D. being missed( )15. I felt tired with walking, so I stopped _ a break for an hour. A. having B. to have C. taking D. to taking( )16. The teacher told the students to stop _ to him. A. to write and listen B. writing and listening C. to write and listening D. writing and to listen( )17. The grass has grown so tall that it needs _. A. to cut B. to be cut it C. cutting D. being cut( )18. You didnt need _ him the news; it just made him sad. A. telling B. tell C. to tell D. that you would tell( )19. He hasnt got used _ in the countryside yet. A. live B. to live C. to living D. living( )20. A very well-known person _ in this house. A. is used to live B. used to live C. is used to living D. used to living( )21. Missing the train means _ for an hour. A. to wait B. to be waited C. being waited D. waiting( )22. I meant _ you, but I was so busy. A. to call on B. calling on C. to call at D. calling at( )23. If you keep _ English, you can learn English well. A. practising speak B. practising speaking C. practising to speak D. to practise spoken( )24. During the World War 2, they were made _ work as tired as dogs. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked( )25. I have three math papers _ tonight. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done( )26. I hope _ him as soon as possible. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. to have seen( )27. She told me that she had decided _ again. A. be not late B. not be late C. not to be late D. to be not late( )28. Tom, have you had your computer _ yet? A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D.repaired( )29. They think it _ to see him in the party. A . surprise B. surprising C.surprised D. to surprise( )30. We found the window _ when we came back from the playground. A. open B. opening C. opened D. to openExercises 21. I found the door _ (close) when I got home.2. _ (take) good care of the vegetables, and they will grow better.3. _ (take) good care of the vegetables is not a easy thing for me.4. _ (repair) my TV set cost me 100 yuan.5. You dont need _ (worry) about your friend. He is safe at home.6. We havent yet decided whether _ (get) there by bus or by bike.7. Its too cold. Lets make a fire _ (warm) ourselves up.8. I often hear people _ (say) “_(see) is _ (believe)”.9. We are looking forward to _ (meet) a new classmate from America.10. Its very kind of you_ (tell) me about it.11. I dont think it easy for her _ (finish) the work in two days.12. Look! There is a pet dog _ (lie) on the ground. Lets go and play with it.1. Would you like to have dinner with me? Sorry, I have a lot of housework . A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done2. I tried to make Kate her mind, but I found it hard. 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