辽宁省庄河市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解摸底精练（4）.doc

辽宁庄河市2016高考英语阅读理解【二轮】摸底精练（4）【2014高考英语吉林省长春市调研试题】ceating 40 percent less food could extend a persons life by 20 years, according to scientists.researchers at the institute of health ageing at university college london are developing a treatment that they hope will fight the “disease” of getting older.they are looking into how genetics (遗传学)and lifestyle can affect ageing and add years, possibly decades, to a persons life.age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and neuro degeneration can also be treated, it is claimed.they want to find out how the life of a rat can be increased by up to 30 percent simply by reducing its food intake.researcher dr. piper told the independent: if you reduce the diet of a rat by 40 percent it will live for 20 or 30 percent longer. so we would be talking 20 years of human life. this has shown on all sorts of animals, even labradors (a kind of dog). the scientists are also studying fruit flies, which share 60 percent of human genes and age in a similar manner, and mice.they have already made the healthy lifespan (寿命）longer in both flies and mice by using drug treatments and a balanced diet. it is hoped that this combination will also work to extend (延长）human life. dr. piper said: if we discover the genes involved with ageing, we should be able to delay ageing itself. this is what weve found.he added that the field of research into extending life is only a decade old, so remains in theory. it is their special approach to treating all age-related diseases caused by the disease of ageing itself that sets their research apart. 64. the author writes this text in order to _.a. encourage people to eat as little as possible b. tell people how harmful food is to their health c. introduce an on-going research on delaying ageing d. show how similar mice and humans are to each other65. how can people live longer according to the text?a. exercise regularly.b. reduce their diet properly.c. vary their lifestyles constantly.d. change their genes completely.66. what does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggest?a. the research is effort-taking.b. the result of the research is reliable.c. the research has been done for a long time.d. theres a long way to go to put the theory into practice.c篇：【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普类文章。介绍一个有关食物的量与寿命长短的关系的研究。64.c【命题立意】 考查对作者写作意图的理解。 【试题解析】 本文是客观介绍一个正在进行着的研究，没有主观意愿。 因此，选c。 65.b【命题立意】 主旨大意题。【试题解析】 本文的主旨大意是食物量和寿命长短的关系。根据第五段“they want to find out how the life of a rat can be increased by up to 30 percent simply by reducing its food intake.”可知。66.d【命题立意】 考查学生对句子深层含义的理解。【试题解析】本句话的意思是这个研究才开始10年，所以还停留在理论层面，故选d。阅读理解。june 26, 2000 the human genome(基因组) project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic(遗传的) map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed. the scientific and medical communities(团体) are very excited about the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging(延长) human life. but those communities and policy(政策) makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life. for the last few years, the genetic advances in the developing field of biotechnology(生物技术) have provides material for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code(密码) have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the popular imagination. while european and japanese researchers are making rapid progress in decoding(解码) human dna, the leading organization for genetic research is in the united states, which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code” of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal(致命的)diseases. already, the human genome project has become widely known and praised for finding the genes(基因) connected with terrible diseases as yet(迄今), and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or aids. once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections(传染), and genetic diseases. medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.1. why did the scientists work hard at mapping the human genome? a. because the human genome can destroy many illnesses. b. because the human genomes completion can help them get rid of many diseases. c. because they wanted to be better known than others. d. because the human genome can provide a lot of chances of work.答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节推理题。由第一段第二句话 “the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging human life.” 和最后一段首句 “once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases.” 可知，科学家绘制人类基因组图是为了驱除疾病，故答案为b。a选项表述不正确；c、d在文中均未提到。2. which country studied the genes most rapidly in the world? a. japan. b. germany. c. the united states. d. china.答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节题。由第三段首句提到的 “the leading organization for genetic research is in the united states, ”可知，答案为c。.3. which of the following is not true? a. if the genes can be found, scientists can study many new ways to cure illnesses. b. the scientists have made great progress in connecting the genes with the cancers. c. many medical companies show great interest in drawing the human genome map. d. the united states began the genes study early in the 19th century.答案解析：答案为d。本题为细节判断题。由第三段首句提到的 “which began in 1990” 可知，美国是在20 世纪末开始绘制人类基因组图的，故d选项表达错误。 由最后一段首句 “once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases.”可知，a选项与文意符合；由第三段最后一句 “and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or aids.” 可知，b选项与文意符合；由最后一段最后一句话 “medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, ”可知，c选项与文意符合，均不选。4. the author suggests that the human genome project can cause _. a. the policy makers to feel very worried and careful b. the scientists to work harder c. many people to find work easily d. a lot of companies to produce many new drugs答案解析：答案为b。本题为推理题。由第一段最后一句话 “but those communities and policy makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life.” 可知，a选项表述与文意不符。c选项未提及。由最后一段最后一句话 “medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.”可知，d选项是文中的一个事实，不需要推理，故不选。 结合全文内容和第一段提到的 “june 26, 2000 the human genome project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed.” 可以推断，绘制人类基因组图是一个长期的项目，现在虽然完成了百分之九十多，但是作者在文中也暗示了这个项目需要科学家更努力地工作，故b选项正确。5. the main idea of this article is about _. a. unlocking genetic code b. the genes discovery c. the great human genome d. the genes and the scientists答案解析：答案为a。本题考查文章的主旨大意。结合第二段提到的 “but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code”和第三段提到的 “ is unlocking the code of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases.” 可知，解读基因密码可以知道如何打败疾病。故答案为a。b、c、d都不是文章的中心。阅读理解-atechnology has been an encouragement of historical change. it acted as such a force in england beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire western world in the nineteenth. rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. one of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. people also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. this means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. there is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by todays standards. highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. but the skilled worker wasnt the only loser, the common workers lost too. similar changes forced farmer away. the increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. they had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. increasingly, standards were set by machines. workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.1. in this passage, which of the following is not considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?a. other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.b. the increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.c. the increased use of machines to make products in less time.d. the use of machines producing parts of the same standard. 答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节题。从文章的第一段 “one of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. people also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product:” 可知，a、c、d都在文中提到了。故答案为b。2. according to the writer, highly skilled workers _a. completely disappeared with the coming of the factory systemb. were dismissed by the bossc. were unable to produce goods of high standardd. were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines答案解析：答案为d。本题为细节题。从文章第二段 “highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.” 可知，机器批量生产的产品标准高，数量多，这是手工生产无法匹敌的。故答案为d。3. according to the passage, what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?a. many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.b. they stuck to their farm work.c. they refused to use machines.d they did their best to learn how to use the machines.答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节题。从第二段的倒数第四句话 “they had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.” 可知，答案为a。【2014高考英语吉林省长春市调研试题】dthe hearst castlehearst castle is a park on the central california coast and a national historic landmark. it was designed by julia morgan for william randolph hearst from 1919 until 1947. in 1957, the owner donated the fortune to the state of california. since that time it has been a state historic park where its large collection of art and antiques are open for public tours. despite its location far from any urban center, the site attracts roughly one million visitors per year.guided tours tour one is recommended for first time visitors. it now includes the movie, hearst castle building the dream. tour two gives visitors a closer look at the main houses upper floors, mr. hearsts private suite, the libraries, and the kitchen. tour three looks at the castles north wing, guest rooms and guest house casa del monte. tour four includes the impressive gardens and grounds, the largest guesthouse, the wine basement, and the hidden terrace. the evening tour is a special tour that allows visitors to experience the castle at night as one of the hearsts own visitors might have.ticket priceshearst castle accepts visa, master card, american express and discover. free day use parking is available for automobiles, motorcycles, tour buses and recreational vehicles.toursa