动词变化variation of verb.docx

动词分为及物动词(Transitive Verb, 用Vt或T表示)和非及物动词(Intransitive Verb, 用Vi或I表示)动词是用于表示动作或状态的词。例如：be, go, get, have, run, send等。动词在使用上要注意时态或语态的变化。表示状态的动词没有进行时。时态分类：一般进行时完成时完成进行时PAST一般进行时完成时完成进行时PRESENT一般进行时完成时完成进行时FUTURE注：过去完成进行时： had+been+V.ing (过去某个时间已完成某持续动作) e.g. (Up to that time) The Chinese had been making paper for two thousand years. 现在完成进行时：have/has+been+V.ing (现在已完成某持续动作) e.g. The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.将来完成进行时：shall/will+been+V.ing (将来的某个时间会完成某持续动作) e.g. The Chinese shall been making paper for two thousand years (by that time).语态分类：主动语态，被动语态动词第三人称变化规则：1. 一般在词尾加“s”在清辅音后发音为s, 在浊辅音及元音后发音为z; e.g. stop-stops s; make-makes s; read-reads z; play-plays z;2. 以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要变“y”为“i”, 再加“es”, 读z; e.g. fly-flies z; carry-carries z; study-studies z; worry-worries z3. 以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的， 在词尾加“es”, 发音为iz e.g. teach-teaches iz; watch-watches iz4. 以“o”结尾的，加“es”，读z e.g. go-goes z; do du:-does dz; INFORMAL: photo - photos动词的现在分词变化规则：1. 一般在词尾加“ing” e.g. work-working; sleep-sleeping; study-studying;2. 动词以不发音字母“e”结尾，要去“e”加“ing” e.g. take-taking; make-making; dance-dancing3. 以1元+1辅结尾的重读闭音节词，要双写词尾字母，再加“ing” e.g. cut-cutting; put-putting; begin-beginning; equip-equipping book-booking;(1元+1辅：一个元音字母+1个辅音字母。总的来说，这条规则需要从两方面解释：从单词的拼写上，单词词尾是辅音字母+1个元音字母+1个辅音字母组成；从读音的音节上，最末音节是重读闭音节。)4. 以“ie”结尾的，把“ie”变“y”再加“ing” e.g. lie-lying; tie-tying; die-dying英语动词过去式&过去分词变化规律：1. 一般情况下，动词词尾加ed，如：workworked；playplayed；wantwanted；actacted2. 以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：livelived；movemoved；tastetasted; hopehoped3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：studystudied；copycopied；crycried；carrycarried4. 以1元+1辅结尾的重读闭音节词，双写词尾字母，再加-ed，如：stopstopped; equip-equipped; booked(1元+1辅：一个元音字母+1个辅音字母。总的来说，这条规则需要从两方面解释：从单词的拼写上，单词词尾是辅音字母+1个元音字母+1个辅音字母组成；从读音的音节上，最末音节是重读闭音节。)过去式“-ed”的发音规则：(1) 动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/id/音，wantwanted；needneeded(2) 动词词尾为清辅音时，发/t/音，helphelped; laughlaughed; looklooked; kisskissed; washwashed; watch-watched(3) 动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/d/音。callcalled; staystayed; crycried;不规则动词表：(红色字体为情态助动词)原形过去式过去分词汉语翻译arise raizarose ruzarisen rizn出现awake weikawoke wukawaked/awoken醒来be (am/is/are)was/werebeen是beat wukbeatbeaten bi:tn击打，战胜become bikmbecame bikeimbecome变成begin biginbegan bignbegun bign开始bend bendbent bentbent bent使弯曲bet betbet betbet bet赌bite baitbit bitbitten/bit咬blow blublew blu:blown bln吹break breikbroke brukbroken brukn打破bring bribrought br:tbrought br:t拿来build bildbuilt biltbuilt bilt建造burn b:nburntb:nt/burnedburntb:nt/burned燃烧buy baibought b:tbought b:t买can kn,kncould kudx能cast k:stcast k:stcast k:st抛catch ktcaught k:tcaught k:t捕捉choose tu:zchose tuzchosen tuzn选择come kmcame keimcome km来cost kstcost kstcost kst花费cut ktcut ktcut kt割deal di:ldealt deltdealt delt分配dig digdug dgdug dg挖do/doesdiddone做draw dr:drew dru:drawn dr:n画，拉，拖dream dri:mdreamed/dreamt /dremt/dreamed/dreamt /dremt/做梦drink drikdrank drkdrunk drk喝drive draivdrove druvdriven driv()n驾驶eat i:tate eteaten i:tn吃fall f:lfell felfallen f:ln掉落feed fi:dfed fedfed fed喂feel fi:lfelt feltfelt felt触摸fight faitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t作战find faindfoundfaundfound faund找出fly flaiflew flu:flown flun飞forbid fbidforbadefbeid /forbad forbidden fbidn禁止forget fgetforgot fgtforgot / forgottenfgtn忘记forgive fgivforgave /fgev/forgiven fgivn原谅freeze fri:zfroze fruzfrozen fruzn结冰get getgotgtgotgt得到give givgave /gev/given giv()n给go guwent wentgone gn去grow grugrew gru:grown grun成长hang hhungh /hangedhdhungh/hangedhd挂/绞死have/hashadhad有hear hiheard h:dheard h:d听到hide haidhid hidhidden hid()n/hid hid 隐藏hit hithit hithit hit打hold huldheld heldheld held拿住hurt h:thurt h:thurt h:t受伤keep ki:pkept keptkept kept保持knownuknew nju:known nun知道lay leilaid leidlaid leid置放,下蛋lead li:dled ledled led引导learn l:nlearntl:nt/learnedl:nidlearntl:nt/learnedl:nid学习leaveli:vleftleftleftleft离开lendlendlentlentlentlent借贷letletletletletlet让lielailayleilainlein躺,平放lightlaitlitlit/lightedlitlit/lighted点着loselu:zlostlstlostlst遗失makemeikmademeidmademeid制作maymeimightmaitx可以meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment表意思meetmi:tmet/met/met/met/遇到mistakemisteikmistook/mstuk/mistakenmisteikn误认misunderstandmisndstndmisunderstoodmisunderstood误会paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid支付provepru:vprovedproved/proven/pruvn/证明putputputputputput放置quitkwitquit/quittedquit/quitted放弃readri:dreadri:dreadri:d读rebuildri:bildrebuiltri:biltrebuiltri:bilt改建retellri:telretoldretold复述ridridrid/riddedrid/ridded免除rideraidroderudriddenridn骑riseraizroseruzrisen上升runrnranrnrunrn跑saws:sawedsawed/sawn锯sayseisaidsedsaidsed说seesi:saws:seensi:n看seeksi:ksoughts:tsoughts:t寻觅sellselsoldsuldsoldsuld卖sendsendsentsentsentsent送/寄setsetsetsetsetset安置sewsusewedsewn/sewed缝合shakeeikshookukshakeneikn摇shalll, lshouldud, dx将shineainshonenshonen发光shineainshinedshined擦亮shootu:tshottshott放(炮)/射击showushowedshowed/shownun显露singsisangssungs唱歌sinksiksanksk/sunksksunk/sunkenskn下沉sitsitsatstsatst坐sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡smellsmelsmeltsmeltsmeltsmelt发出气味sowsausowedsown/sun/sowed种植speakspi:kspokespukspokenspukn说spellspelspeltspelt/spelledspeltspelt/spelled拼写spendspendspentspentspentspent花费spitspitspatspt/spitspat/spit吐出springsprisprangspr/sprungsprungspr跳跃standstndstoodstudstoodstud站立stealsti:lstolestulstolenstuln偷sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept打扫swimswimswamswmswum/swm/游泳taketeiktooktuktakenteikn拿teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教tearti, tetoret:tornt:n撕裂telltel