名词从句导学案(修改版).doc

整体思维学习名词性从句导学案语法学习的目的：提升理解语言的准确性和提高运用语言的准确性整体思维学习方法：整体思维学习法是指从整体到细节的认识事物的过程。当我们已经知道事物的整体概况后，会使细节的掌握变得更加轻松。这就好比当我们认识了太阳系后，再认识太阳系中的每个行星如地球就轻松多了，因为我们已经从宏观上把握了它所处的整个体系。整体思维学习语法遵循从整体到细节的学习过程，先从整体上了解语法的家族、在英语句子中所处的地位，所具有的不同的功能和使用的语境，再针对每一项的功能进行强化操练和运用，达到掌握的目的。语法学习的黄金法则：以句子和语篇为载体理解语法的形式、意义和功用、以句子和语篇为载体记忆语法的形式、意义和功能、以听、读、说、写为主要手段内化语法知识，提升语言的理解能力和运用能力。学习目标Learning objectives：At the end of the learning , students will be able to:1. know about the basic structure of English sentences.2. know about the whole system/family of noun clauses3. know about the functions of noun clauses4. use noun clauses in context and real situations by doing some exercises.5. learn about how to learn grammar.语法学习的步骤：I. Preparation for learning grammar: 语法学习前的知识准备Q：What is a noun clause?Q: How does it come?Q: Why do we have to use a noun clause?Q: What role does it play in an English sentence?Required knowledge for learning about noun clauses:英语简单句的基本构造1） 主语+谓语+（宾语）（谓语动词是不及物动词时没有宾语）We have developed good study habits.We study hard. He went to shanghai for a meeting. 2) 主语+系动词+表语（系动词可以是：be, become, grow, get, remain, feel等等） I am a teacher. They are at home.We are eager for the approach of the winter holiday.The problem remains unsolved.在此基本主干上，依据具体语境需要添加同位语、状语、定语、补语或插入语等附加成分。其中，同位语放在主语或宾语后面，进一步说明主语或宾语的信息，状语的位置可放在句首或句尾，或谓语的前后；定语的位置放在主语和宾语的前面或后面做前置定语和后置定语，补语放在主语或宾语后面做主补或宾补。我们可以用树状结构来表示英文句子的基本结构。（定语）主语（定语）/(同位语) + 谓语 （状语） + （定语）宾语（定语）/(同位语) + （状语）/(宾补)（定语）主（定语） + 系动词 + （定语）/(状语)表语(定语)/(状语)英文中句子成分的角色与功能句子成分功能角色例句主语表示动作的执行者名词、代词、the+形容词、不定式、动名词、名词性从句1.The farmer plowed his field.2.No one could answer the question.3.The rich are not always happier than the poor.4.To clean the house is my main job today.5.Quarreling is a foolish thing.6.When the meeting will be held has not been announced.谓语表示动作不及物动词和及物动词7.He works hard.8.I love my family.9.The lawyer considered him innocent.律师认为他是无辜的。宾语表示动作的对象名词、代词、the+形容词、动名词、不定式、名词性从句10. We should respect the old.11. Henry bought his mother some flowers.12. He slept a sound sleep.13.I think it impossible to finish this work in a day. 14.We honor the brave.15.He likes to trap sparrows.16.We should avoid injuring the feelings of others.17. A mouse ran out from under the floor.18.I wish that you would study hard.同位语放在主语或宾语后面，说明主语或宾语的内容名词、名词性从句19.Mr Brown，our team leader, is always thinking of others.20.The question when the project will be approved has not been answered yet.系动词与形容词、名词、代词、介词短语连用Be, become, look, turn, get, sound等21.It is no use calling Mr. Jones at this late hour.22.It isnt surprising that he should have married her.23.It sounds a good idea.表语表示身份、状态或性质特征名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式，名词性从句24.She is at home spending his vacation.25.The trip has been exhausting and Ill be glad to be home. 这个旅程令人疲惫不堪，要是能回家就好了。26.Your job is to look after the patients.27.The question we are concerning about is what we can do to prevent the radiation.定语修饰限定名词，增加名词的信息前置定语：由单个形容词或名词充当后置定语：介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、不定式短语、定语从句28.It is the best film I have ever seen.29.It is a beauty shop which can make you more beautiful.30.There are many young people living here.31.We have a lot of problem left unsolved.32.Would you please give me something to eat.33.Unfortunately, they have fallen into the habit of smoking.状语表示动作的方式、原因、目的、时间、地点、条件、让步等副词、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定时、状语从句34.Gradually, we have developed good study habits.35.They arrived at the airport in a hurry only to find that the famous star had left.36.Interest rates have been raised in order to reduce inflationary pressures.37.He lay on the grass with his face covered by a book.38.You should rapidly make your decision because even a correct decision will be wrong if you decide on it late.39. If we didnt prepare us for the competition, we would be at loss in the future.宾语补足语补充说明宾语做什么或怎么样名词、代词、形容词、副词、现在分词短语、过去分词短语和不定式短语、介词短语、名词性从句。常接宾补的动词有：1. 感官动词：feel, hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, smell2. 使役动词：have, let, make, leave3. 其他：Believe, call, choose, consider, regard declare, think, order, imagine, want, ask, tell, wish, require, suppose40.They named the child John.41.Studying keeps him busy.42.I want my money back.43.Dont keep him waiting.44.I advise you to see a lawyer.45.I felt the car move.46.She kept him on pins and needles.47.She will name him whatever she wants to.他讲随心所欲地称呼他。48.I can smell something burning in the kitchen.49.We consider Abraham Lincoln as a great leader.IIUnderstanding grammar：1、Read the following sentences and discover the forms and the functions of noun clauses:名词性从句的种类和功能：TypeFormMeaning and functionIn What situations主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1)What the people want should be what the government should do.2)How we read is far more important than how much we read.3) Whether we should go abroad or not depends on some specific situations.4)Who can be the best candidate has remained unknown.5)When we go shopping is up to you.6)That some people dont believe in science is not peculiar to some countries.7)We have realized that good study habits are critical to us.8)We wonder what habits are more effective in English learning.9)I dont know about how whom he is talking.10)I can not make sure when I can go to the library with you.11)I doubt if they want to join us at the trying moment.12)What the people want is what the government do.13)The first reason is that some people dont know how to say “No”.14)What we wonder is who will be the president.15)My problem is where I will go after graduation.16)We all know the fact that our earth is short of fresh water.17)There is indication that fresh water is decreasing in many places.2、名词性从句中的虚拟语气Be-subjunctive in noun clausesRead the following sentences and discover what happens to the predicate of the sentence.1) The monitor suggested that we not be late for class.2) It was suggested that we not be late for class.3) The monitors suggestion was that we not be late for class.4) The monitor gave a suggestion that we not be late for class.总结：Be-subjunctive is mainly used in noun clauses. Be-subjunctive use the base form of the verb as the predicate verb of the sentence regardless of the tense, number, and person of the subject. Be-subjunctive is used after verb that show importance or urgency, or when it is the complement or appositive of nouns that are derived from these verbs. Such verbs include:advise request require insist order suggest demand recommend Be-subjunctive is also used in noun clauses after the following adjectives:advisable important essential necessary urgent练习Practice：Use be-subjunctive forms of the indicated verbs in the noun clauses to complete the following sentences. An example has been given to you.Are you Aggressive or Assertive？The aggressive person1)The aggressive person insists that _ (he/be/ allow) to have his own way.2)For an aggressive person, it is essential that _ (an argument/ be/ win).3)The aggressive person demands that _ (you/ adopt) his viewpoint.4)An aggressive person is likely to order that _ (something/ be/ do).The assertive person1)The assertive person requests that _ (his way/ be/ consider).2)For an assertive person, it is important that _ (an argument/be) fair.3)The assertive person insists that _ (you/give) consideration to his viewpoint.4)An assertive person is likely to suggest that _ (a course of action/ be/ follow).3、以 whatever, whoever ,whichever引导的从句Read the following sentences and discover the functions of clauses with whoever or whatever or whichever.1) Take whatever action is needed. You can take whatever you like.You have our support, whatever you decide. 不管你作何决定，都会得到我们的支持。2) Send it to whoever is in charge of sales. 把这寄给负责销售的人。Whoever says that is a liar. 说那话的人是个骗子I dont want to see them, whoever they are. 无论他们是谁，我都不想见。3） Choose whichever brand you prefer. 挑选你喜欢的那个品牌。 Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 你们谁第一个到达这里，谁就获奖。 It takes three hours, whichever route you take. 无论你走哪条路都需要三个小时。Summing up总结：ClauseFunctionsWhatever-clauseWhoever-clauseWhichever-clausePractice 练习：Put the following sentences into English:1、 我们会采纳你提出的任何建议。_2、 无论你提出什么建议我们都会采纳。_3、 任何违反法律的人都要受到惩罚。_4、 无论谁违反了法律，都会受到惩罚。_5、 今晚任何来参加聚会的人都会得到礼物。_6、 无论你采用哪种方法，你都会得到相同的结论。_III运用语法Applying grammar: 1. Use noun clauses to combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one.1) He will come to the meeting. It is suggested._2) He will come and join us. I am sure._3) We have a picnic on Saturday. I dont agree to the suggestion._4) I got a new job. This is the reason why I dont go to France._5) Have you finished your work? The teacher asked me._6) When will he come to the meeting? It is not known. _2. Some noun clauses with can, could and should can be shortened to an infinitive phrase if both the subject of the main clause and the subject of the noun clause are the same. Use “I dont know” and an infinitive phrase to restate the following sentences after the example.e.g. What should I do about my problem? I dont know what I should do about my problem. I dont know what to do about my problem.1) Where can I buy a pen?_2) Should I take morning classes or evening classes?_3) How can I use the computers in the library?_4) Who should I turn to for help?_3. Noun clauses are used when we change directive speech into indirect speech. Change the following sentences into indirect speech.1) My father said, “I dont believe in giving children a lot of toys.”_2) My mother said, “You can choose your won direction and make your own decisions.”_3) My grandfather said, “I am the youngest of 7 children.”_4) My classmate asked me, “When did you get home yesterday?”_4. Divide into small groups and discuss one or more of the following topics. Then share your findings with the other groups.1) What I think is the most difficult in learning English ise.g.A: What I think is the most difficult in learning English is that the words are hard to memorize.B: Tell us how you deal with the new words in every unit.2) What I want out of life is_3) What I want to do after graduation is_4) What this country needs is_5.Approaching NMET高考链接1)Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is2) _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences form one aspect. A. what B. that C. this D. which3) Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as4) _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. what; why B. that; what C. what; because D. why; that5)You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. how6) A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C that D. where7) What the doctor really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why8) Would you tell me _ you want your tea, with sugar or milk? - Sugar, please. A. whether B. when C. what D. how9) There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving10) _ the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is unkown. A. / B. whenever C. what D when11)_ sometimes keeps her awake at night _ Tom is getting more and more quiet at home. A. that; which B. it; that C. whether; what D. what; that12) What are you worrying about? - _ you can return the book to me in time. A. If B. whether C. when D. where13)_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. who B. The one C. anyone D. whoever14) Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? - Oh, thats _ A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited15) The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research. A. that B. what C. whether D. whateverAnswers: 1-5 DBBAB 6-10 ACDAD 1115 BBDACIV. Read about grammar and remember the grammar by reciting the passages.Focus oneWhat 引导的名词性从句表示：的东西Maybe you believe that you say what you want to say and that what you say means what you really mean. It is not true in every case. Sometimes what you think about cannot be expressed exactly and sometimes what you think about is very hard to describe with words. In some particular situations you would like to write about what you are feeling, but what you write is not exactly what you are feeling, because you cannot catch the right words to express what is happening in your mind. So when you