大学四级试题.doc

大学四级-668(总分693, 考试时间90分钟)Part WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Popularity of Self-Drive Tourism. You should write at least 120 words .following the outline given below:1. 1随着私家车越来越多，人们开始选择自驾游的方式外出旅行 2自驾游的利与弊 3我的观点 The Popularity of Self-Drive Tourism _ _ _ Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 17, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 810, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Happiness and Sadness Happiness and sadness are two most basic and familiar feeling for human beings. Recently, people have achieved further understanding about them. Happiness University of Illinois, psychologist Ed Diener, who has studied happiness for a quarter century, was in Scotland recently, explaining to members of Parliament and business leaders the value of increasing traditional measures of a countrys wealth with a national index of happiness. Such an index would measure policies known to increase peoples sense of well-being, such as democratic freedoms, access to health care and the rule of law. Eric Wilson tried to get with the program. Urged on by friends, he bought books on how to become happier. He made every effort to smooth out his habitual worried look and wear a sunny smile, since a happy expression can lead to genuinely happy feelings. Wilson, a professor of English at Wake Forest University, took up jogging, reputed to boost the brains supply of joyful neuro-chemicals, and began his conversations with great! and wonderful!, the better to exercise his capacity for enthusiasm. However, some scientists are releasing the most-extensive-ever study comparing moderate and extreme levels of happiness, and finding that being happier is not always better. In surveys of 118 519 people from 96 countries, scientists examined how various levels of subjective well-being matched up with income, education, political participation, volunteer activities and close relationships. They also analyzed how different levels of happiness, as reported by college students, correlated with various outcomes. Even allowing for imprecision in peoples self-reported sense of well-being, the results were unambiguous. The highest levels of happiness go along with the most stable, longest and most contented relationships. That is, even a little discontent with your partner can cause you to look around for someone better, until you are at best a serial monogamist and at worst never in a loving, stable relationship. Nevertheless, once a moderate level of happiness is achieved, further increases can sometimes be harmful to income, career success, education and political participation, Diener and colleagues write in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science. On a scale from 1 to 10, where 10s is extremely happy, 8s is more successful than 9s and 10s, getting more education and earning more. That probably reflects the fact that people who are somewhat discontent, but not so depressed as to be paralyzed, are more motivated to improve both their own lot (thus driving themselves to acquire more education and seek ever-more-challenging jobs) and the lot of their community (causing them to participate more in civic and political life). In contrast, people at the top of the jolliness charts feel no such urgency. If youre totally satisfied with your life and with how things are going in the world, says Diener, you dont feel very motivated to work for change. Be wary when people tell you that you should be happier. Sadness The drawbacks of constant, extreme happiness should not be surprising, since negative emotions evolved for a reason. Fear tips us off to the presence of danger, for instance. Sadness, too, seems to be part of our biological inheritance. Wilson argues that only by experiencing sadness can we experience the fullness of the human condition. He also asserts that the happy man is a hollow man, but he is hardly the first scholar to see melancholia (精神忧郁症) as inspiration. A classical Greek text, possibly written by Aristotle, asks, Why is it that all those who have become outstanding in philosophy or politics or poetry or the arts are clearly melancholic? Wilsons answer is that the blues can be a catalyst (催化剂) for a special kind of genius, a genius for exploring dark boundaries between opposites. The ever-restless, the chronically discontent, are dissatisfied with the status quo, be it in art or literature or politics. For all their familiarity, these arguments are nevertheless being crushed by the happiness movement. Last August, the novelist Mary Gordon lamented to The New York Times that among writers, what is absolutely not allowable is sadness. People will do anything rather than to acknowledge that they are sad. And, Jess Decourcy Hinds, an English teacher, recounted how, after her father died, friends pressed her to distract herself from her profound sadness and sense of loss. Why dont people accept that after a parents death, there will be years of grief? she wrote. Everyone wants mourners to snap out of it because observing anothers distress isnt easy. Its hard to say exactly when ordinary Americans, no less than psychiatrists (精神病学家), began insisting that sadness is pathological (病态的). But by the end of the millennium that attitude was well established. In 1999, Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman was revived on Broadway 50 years after its premiere. A reporter asked two psychiatrists to read the script. Their diagnosis: Willy Loman was suffering from clinical depression, a pathological condition that could and should be treated with drugs. Miller was appalled. Loman is not a depressive, he told The New York Times. He is weighed down by life. There are social reasons for why he is where he is. What society once viewed as an appropriate reaction to failed hopes and dashed dreams, it now regards as a psychiatric illness. As NYUs Wakefield and Allan Horwitz of Rutgers University point out in The Loss of Sadness, this message has its roots in the bible of mental illness, The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Its definition of a major depressive episode is remarkably broad. You must experience five not-uncommon symptoms, such as insomnia (失眠), difficulty concentrating and feeling sad or empty, for two weeks; the symptoms must cause distress or impairment, and they cannot be due to the death of a loved one. Anyone meeting these criteria is supposed to be treated. When someone is appropriately sad, friends and colleagues offer support and sympathy. But by labeling appropriate sadness pathological, we have attached a stigma to being sad, says Wakefield, with the result that depression tends to elicit hostility and rejection with an undercurrent of Get over it; take a pill. The normal range of human emotion is not being tolerated. We dont know how drugs react with normal sadness and its functions, such as reconstituting your life out of the pain, says Wakefield. Those psychiatrists also express doubts to medicalise the sadness. 1. According to Ed Diener, which of the following can be measured by the index of happiness?A The standard of moralitB The freedom of speecC The sense of well-beinD The access to health car 2. In order to be happy, Wilson tried many ways such as _.A borrowing books on how to become happierB trying to keep a sunny smileC starting his conversations with Hello!D trying to have a good rest 3. Who have the highest level of happiness according to the survey in 96 countries?A People with the most wealtB People with the best healtC People with the highest positioD People with the most stable relationshi 4. According to Dieners statements in Perspectives on Psychological Science, the person with the moderate level of happiness will get _.A more educationB moderate successC less earningD more reputation 5. According to Diener, why do those people with the highest level of happiness have less motivation to move ahead?A Because they have spent all their time pursuing the happinesB Because they dont allow their work to affect their feeling of happinesC Because they are too satisfied with happiness they have owneD Because they do not like people to tell them to be happie 6. Which of the following is the possible answer to the questions set by Aristotle in Wilsons opinion?A The sadness can make one be strongeB The sadness can make one be intelligenC The sadness can force one to think more deeplD The sadness can make one more depresse 7. After the death of her father, friends of Jess Hinds tried to help her out of _.A working pressureB emotional troubleC economic pressureD marriage problem 8. 9. 10. Part Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. A It will be very faB It will take place, as planneC It was canceled on SaturdaD The arrangements are uncertain so fa 12. A She painted it by herselB She hired her brother to paint iC It needs to be painteD It isnt beautifully painte 13. A She was slimmer theB She was 140 pounds theC She was 160 pounds theD She was in very good figure the 14. A The audience helped the pianisB The audience shook the pianists hanC The audience disliked the pianists performancD The audience applauded the pianists performanc 15. A She feels finB She feels sicC She feels betteD She feels tire 16. A The students took a physical test that afternooB The students had to take part in the physical laboC The teacher put off the physical laboD There wont be a physical test this afternoo 17. A Sing the song for his friends firsB Continue to practice the song for a weeC Pretend that he is performing for his friendD Join in the acting group to make a few friend 18. A The woman will arrive at the station in ten minuteB The woman has fifteen minutes to get to the statioC The man thinks he will be able to reach the station in ten minuteD The man thinks he will not be able to get to the station on timQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A Before finishing schooB After finishing universitC During her university coursD Between school and universit 20. A International childrens projectB Social and environmental projectC Projects for people with no moneD Projects involving sports and language 21. A Mainly from LondoB Mainly from EnglanC From different countrieD From charity organizationQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. A People in developing countrieB People living in poor conditionC People in the 1950D People in New Yor 23. A 12 millioB 8.1 millioC 14 millioD 26 millio 24. A Health carB Housing probleC Transportation probleD Educational proble 25. A Tokyo in JapaB Beijing in ChinC Shanghai in ChinD Seoul in South KoreSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A People dont often eat English fooB People dont like English fooC People who travel to Britain eat English food in English homD People who travel to Britain dont know much about English foo 27. A The speaker thinks that we live to eat, but not eat to livB The speaker doesnt think that we should eat when livinC The speaker thinks that we eat to live, but not live to eaD The speaker thinks that we eat to live and live to ea 28. A The criticism of English food by visitors is unfaiB It is impossible to find good English food in large townC As well as food people also travel to Britain for shopping and sightseeinD If people complain about English food, they will get better fooQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. A Red Cross workers are in many countrieB Red Cross only exists in the United StateC Red Cross is another name for world hospitaD Many people who are in need work in Red Cros 30. A Supplying blood for people who neeB Providing a number of services for the publiC Helping the sick and wounded during the waD Aiding people who were injured in an earthquak 31. A In 1875.B In 1895.C In 1881.D In 1818.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. A The workers on the underground platforms were replaced by machineB It became the first completely automatic railway in the worlC A completely automatic line was added to its networD Its trains became computer-controlle 33. A A platform workeB A computeC The command spoD A machin 34. A To drive the train after it is started automaticallB To start the train and to drive it when necessarC To take care of the passengers on the traiD To send commanding signals to the command spo 35. A It will stop automaticallB It will move on at the same speeC It will gradually slow dowD It will keep a safe distance from the other trainSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to Jill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Scientists in India have discovered a way to make bamboo plants produce flowers in laboratory. The British (36) Nature recently reported the (37) event. In the wild it can take as long as one hundred and twenty years for some kinds of bamboo to flower, and after the plant (38) its seeds it dies. The bamboo plant is used in many different ways. But because it takes so long to produce seeds, scientists never (39) it a traditional farm crop. The recent (40) in India may change that. The (41) was done at the National Chemical Laboratory in India. Three scientists cut two hundred pieces from two different kinds of bamboo plants; each was a few (42) long. The tiny cuttings were placed in the (43) of coconuts milk, plant-growth hormone and other nutrients. Just a few weeks later, flowers began to appear. (44) . Two weeks after that the plants began to produce seeds. (45) . One of them had not put the bamboo seeds in soil, but he believes they will produce plants. The Indian scientists now are planning experiments to see (46) . Bamboo reproduces in two ways. It flowers and produces seeds. It also produces new growth from its roots. Bamboo plants growing from its roots are called ZhuSun in China. Bamboo shoots are dug up and replanted in the field. Farmers harvest the leaves. They feed them to their animals. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. Part Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Although the enjoyment of color is universal and color theory has all kinds of names to it, color remains a very emotional and subjective element. Our awareness of color is (47) conditioned by our culture, but color also probably (48) our instincts. Our psyche (心智) reacts in different ways to colors in part through subjective (49) and in part through cultural conditioning,