2012职称英语必看理工B的.doc

* 第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险 A new examination of urban policies has been 1carried out recently by Patricia Romero LankaoShe is a sociologist specializing in climate change and2 urbandevelopmentShe warns thatmany of the worlds fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countrieswill likely sufferfrom the impacts of changing climateHer work also concludes that most cities are failing to 3reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 gasesThese gases are knownto affect the atmosphere”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5protecttheir residents. Cities are6 majorsources of greenhouse gasesAnd urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankaos findingshighlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term7benefits The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential8threatsassociated with climate include storm surges andprolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat9 heavilypaved cities more than surrounding areasThe impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environmentFor example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existinglevels of air pollution，causingwidespread health problemsPoorer neighborhoods thatmay10lackbasic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disastersMany residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing11 withoutaccess to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services. Local governments,12therefore,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric13rather thanmeaningful responses,Romero Lankao writes, ” They dont impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They dont emphasize mass transit and reduce14automobileuse. In fact, many localgovernmentsare takinga handsoffapproach.” Thus, she urges them tochangetheir15 idlepolicies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险 Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of1chargeso that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London2suggestina new study Statins reduce the3amountof unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trialdata has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a persons heart attack4risk . In a paper published in theAmerican Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5enoughto offset the increase in heart attack risk from6eatingacheeseburger and drinking a milkshake Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins dont cut out a11 of the7unhealthyeffects of cheeseburgers and French friesIts better to avoid fatty food altogetherBut weve worked out that in terms of your8possobilityof having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less thesame9degreeas a fast food meal increases it.”“Its ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets asthey10like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makessense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are11providedfree of chargeIt would cost less than 5 pence per12customer-not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, theyre encouraged to take13measuresthat lower their risk, 1ike14wearinga seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of 15lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal1 .What have scientists found about Saturn?关于土星，科学家发现了什么？A They have found a new moon orbiting Saturn.他们已发现一个新卫星运转-土星。B They have found methane-based life on Saturn.他们发现在土星有基于沼气的生命。C They have found methane-based life on Titan.他们发现在土卫六上有基于沼气的生命D They have found earthlike life on a Saturns moon.他们发现在土星上有像地球的生命。2. What do scientists say about Titan?关于土卫六，科学家说了什么？A There are life clues there.有生命迹象在那里B There is acetylene there.有已炔在那里C Water on Titan exists in the form of ice.土卫六的水是依冰的形式存在。D Rivers and lakes there contain life formls.河和湖含有生命体3. To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What doesthis form of life refer to?至今，科学家仍未发现这一生命体的构成。第五段“生命的形式”参照什么？A Water-based life.基于水的生命。B Methane-based life.基于沼气的生命。C Liquid-water-based microorganisms.基于液体水的微生物D Gas-based life.基于气体的生命。4. What can be inferred from what Allen said?艾伦说的话可以推断出什么？A Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.科学家有不同的争论，关于是否有生命体在土卫六上。B Scientists all agree that there is life on Titan.科学家一致同意在TITAN上有生命体。C Scientists all suggest that a biological explanation is reasonable.科学家认为，是一种生物的解释是合理的。D Scientists all agree that a non-biological chemical reaction is a possible explanation.科学家们一致认为，一种非生物化学反应是一种可能的解释。5. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?下面哪一个可以作为这段的标题？A Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.在土卫六发现似地球像的生命体存在B Finding of One More Moon of Saturn.又一个土星被发现C Titan,a New Satellite Found.土卫六，一个新的卫星被发现D A different Life Form, a Possibility.一个不同的生命体，一个可性的生物练习：1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?依第一段所说，芝加哥大学研究的是什么成果？A Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.女生满意她们的数学能力优于男生。B Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.女生不满意她们的数学能力不如男生。C Female teachers math skills have influence over girl students math skills.女教师的数学能力已影响到女生的数学技能。D Female teachers confidence in their math skills is related to girls math skills.女教师在数学能力的信心关系到女生的数学能力。2. What is implied in the third paragraph?在第三段中含示了什么？A Math teachers,like math learners,do not like the subject due to its difficulty.数学老师，像数学学习者一样，不喜欢这一科目，是因为它有难度。B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers confidence in teaching the subject.一个难的科目比如数学，可能影响老师们在教这一课目时的信心。C Teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math.老师们在教数学方面有着更多的焦虑，比学生们学习数学。D Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it.数学如此的难以至于没有老师喜欢教它。3. According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt依据这一实验，他们的老师可能担忧数学当他们感到。时A nervous memorizing the numbers of a sales receipt.紧张地记忆一个销售清单B helpless saving the numbers of a sales receipt.无助的保存一个销售清单C uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.心神不安地一个读销售清单D hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report.绝望地录入一个销售报告4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings第六段告诉我们，这项研究发现。A prove a strong link between female teachers math anxiety and their female students math Achievements.证明女老师的数学焦虑感和女学生的数学成绩有着密切联系。B show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than femalestudents.表明男生不太可能受到有数学焦虑感的老师的影响，比起女学生来说。C provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females.提供了强有力的证据表明，数学巨星更可能是男性，与女性相比。D discover a strong link between teachers math anxiety and their students math achievements.在教师数学的焦虑感与学生的数学成就方面，发现强有力的联系。5. David Geary thinks that大卫认为。A the study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research process.学习是有趣的，但它基于一个不可靠的研究过程。B the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.研究结果需要基于更大的样本去重复测试。C the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful.研究结果需要重新解释是有意义的。D the study is well based and produces significant results.该研究为基础，产生显着的成果* 第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险 A new examination of urban policies has been 1carried out recently by Patricia Romero LankaoShe is a sociologist specializing in climate change and2 urbandevelopmentShe warns thatmany of the worlds fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countrieswill likely sufferfrom the impacts of changing climateHer work also concludes that most cities are failing to 3reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 gasesThese gases are knownto affect the atmosphere”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5protecttheir residents. Cities are6 majorsources of greenhouse gasesAnd urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankaos findingshighlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term7benefits The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential8threatsassociated with climate include storm surges andprolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat9 heavilypaved cities more than surrounding areasThe impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environmentFor example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existinglevels of air pollution，causingwidespread health problemsPoorer neighborhoods thatmay10lackbasic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disastersMany residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing11 withoutaccess to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services. Local governments,12therefore,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric13rather thanmeaningful responses,Romero Lankao writes, ” They dont impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They dont emphasize mass transit and reduce14automobileuse. In fact, many localgovernmentsare takinga handsoffapproach.” Thus, she urges them tochangetheir15 idlepolicies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险 Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of1chargeso that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London2suggestina new study Statins reduce the3amountof unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trialdata has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a persons heart attack4risk . In a paper published in theAmerican Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered b