英语(四)-学习指南.doc

I. Match the words in column A with the definitions in column B.（请将A栏的单词和B栏的意思配对）Column A Column B(一) （ ）1. hushA. shine light on （ ）2. illumineB. reduce or stop the sound of （ ）3. trail C. form or bend into a loop （ ）4. loopD. be or become silent （ ）5. muteE. sit or fall down heavily （ ）6. dissolveF. extend over a surface （ ）7. slump G. extraordinary; very attractive or impressive （ ）8. spectacularH. fade away or disappear(二) （ ）1. span A. maintaining or being maintained （ ）2. hike B. to the point; related (followed by to) （ ）3. maintenanceC. not easily seen or understood; not well-known （ ）4. contend D. sudden increase or growth （ ）5. pertinentE. extend across in space or time （ ）6. obscure F. happen again or repeatedly （ ）7. boom G. go for a long walk （ ）8. recur H. struggle or compete(三) （ ）1. decrease A. a thing that is in the way of sb/ sth （ ）2. promoter B. a death caused by accident or in war. （ ）3. lucrativeC. become or make sth smaller or fewer （ ）4. manufactureD. supporter of sth （ ）5. rotateE. group together （ ）6. bunch F. make (goods) on a large scale using machinery （ ）7. fatality G. move or make (sth.) move in circles around a central point （ ）8. obstruction H. producing much money; profitable(四) （ ）1. courteousA. question to decide if sb. is right for a job （ ）2. deadline B. question intensely; cook under or over direct heat （ ）3. employmentC. to look into private facts about a person （ ）4. interviewD. polite and respectful, well-mannered （ ）5. blurtE. an occupation, esp. regular paid work （ ）6. endeavorF. utter abruptly and thoughtlessly （ ）7. pry G. a time limit by which sth. must be done （ ）8. grill H. an effort or attempt to do sth.II. Fill in the blanks with the given words, change the form if necessary. （请用括号里的单词的正确形式填空）1. The first satellite designed to determine the _ of an all-weather global navigation system for ships and aircraft was launched by the United States on Apr. 13, 1960. (feasible) 2. As part of an effort to _ their service to all potential users, public libraries in the United Sates and Canada normally include foreign-language materials in their collections. (expansion) 3.We _have no plans to expand our business overseas, but that may well change in the future. (present)4. _ $150 million is to be spent on improvements on school buildings. (approximate) 5. Robots are used in repetitive, _ tasks in which human performance might degrade over time. (monotony) 6. Some famous private schools are theoretically open to the public, but in _ are attended by those who can afford the fees. (real) 7. The weeds just _, and before long the garden was a jungle. (multiple) 8.Some sociologists have carried out large-scale historical-_ studies. (comparison) 9.To open up the space _, NASA will try to lower the cost of access to Earth orbit. (front) 10.There is enough evidence to suggest that job _ may increase a mans risk of dying from heart disease. (stressful)11. The _ of the state government was much criticized by the people. (efficient) 12. The professor expressed great satisfaction _ the students thesis. (concern) 13. A major problem is the _ of a detailed plan for the sales promotion. (absent) 14. Hitler badly miscalculated when he assumed the _ of the USSR would be simple. (conquer) 15. The Asian financial crisis severely _ some countries. (weak)16. He was _ upset when he learned that he failed in the final examination. (evident) 17. You can often read _ stories about film stars in the local newspapers. (spice) 18. I knew by _that he had come to deliver bad news. (instinctive)19. _ plastic is often used for packaging foods, enabling the consumer to see the product inside. (transparency)20. Having been ill for several years, he has a particularly fragile _. (constitute)III. Vocabulary and Structure (语法与词汇)Directions: Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence from the four choices given under each sentences. ( 选择正确的选项) 1.She _ me with a knife.A. came atB. came toC. came acrossD. came over2. The novel is so _ that I can hardly give it up.A. complexB. intricateC. complicateD. understandable3. Please _ for him before the general manager.A. put a wordB. put out a wordC. put in a wordD. put up a word4. Her diamond necklace _ in the light.A. flashesB. sparkledC. beamedD. sparked5. He _ in vain to make his wife happy.A. tried the endeavorB. endeavoredC. made endeavorB. all of the above6. Whether you go or not does not _.A. make a differenceB. make differenceC. make differentD. make differences7. He was quite _ his money when he was rich and young.A. generous ofB. generous withC. general withD. genial with8. From my _, this project is practical.A. point of view B. standpointC. viewpoint D. all of the above9. She _ the man as the criminal at first sight.A. identifiedB. provedC. knewD. recognized10. They two are going _ the same job. A. by B. afterC. on D. through11. The sergeants orders were perfectly _. A. executedB. exercisedC. developedD. applied12. He would _ in Pacete every few months and stay a little while; he would get money out of someone or other and then disappear again. A. turn inB. turn outC. turn overD. turn up13. It _ on us rather suddenly that the number of passengers on the small spaceship we inhabit is doubling about every forty years. A. dawnedB. occurredC. drewD. struck14. He _ his engagement just before the wedding. A. broke out ofB. broke away fromC. broke offD. broke up15. The health program outlined in the article seems very sound to me, but it has _ considerable public outcry. A. run intoB. met withC. put up withD. put down16. No one has ever _ the senator of being at a loss for words; he can speak at a great length on almost any subject. A. accusedB. blamedC. chargedD. scolded17. I _ looking at him with what must have been all but unbearable curiosity. A. remindB. recallC. recognizeD. realize18. Because of the accident, grandmother will _ my brother and me to swim in the river unless someone agrees to watch us. A. preventB. forbidC. prohibitD. restrain19. What do you _ to do about the problem now that this solution has failed? A. considerB. thinkC. suggestD. intend20. The high court reversed the decision of the lower court because the ruling _ the defendant his right. A. considerB. thinkC. deniedD. ignored21. Everyone else was killed in the accident. I was the only one to _. A. aliveB. outliveC. surviveD. relive22. His manner _ my attention. A. searchedB. keptC. arrestedD. attended23. Camping _ include a tent, a sleeping bag, a rucksack, a stove, and so on. A. equipmentB. facilitiesC. instrumentsD. devices24. Sometimes you have to make a _ to get what you want. A. sacrificeB. profitC. lossD. victim25. What I am trying to do is to _ why your condition has not improved A. look forB. find outC. search forD. get in26. many people complain of the rapid _ of modern life. A. rateB. speedC. paceD. growth27. Apart from blue eyes, blonde hair is also _ of Swedish people. A. specificB. peculiarC. characteristicD. particular28. The fire was the worst _ ever to hit the town. A. accidentB. incidentC. eventD. disaster29. I was told that the sweater would not _ in the wash but it has. A. dwindleB. shrinkC. decreaseD. contract30. His fatness _ him unable to touch his toes. A. rendersB. causesC. becomesD. allowsIV. Cloze （完形填空）Our aeroplane was just beside the airport building. It did not look too strong to me, but I decided not to think about such things. We saw luggage going out_it on trolleys and being loaded from _ the aircraft. Next, three men and three girls, all in uniform, went over to the plane and _ it. Over the loudspeakers we were _ the plane was ready to leave and were asked to walk _ to it. Everybody moved quickly in order to _ the seats they wanted. I was_ to get a seat near the tail, but the plane looked _ inside than it had from outside. I fastened my seat_before we took off and tried to _ my nervousness. After an hours flying I _ black clouds ahead through my window. My _ immediately returned. An electric sign flashed _: “Fasten your seat belts, please”, and one of the hostesses made a_ request over the loudspeakers. She told us we were about to fly into a storm but _ cheerfully there was nothing to worry _. The plane shook all over, dropped about twenty feet and seemed to hang on one _. Then very suddenly it rose twenty feet and a great flash of _ lit up the passenger compartment. For five minutes the three hostesses did their best to give out anti-sickness pills and _ the passengers. The plane rose and fell. Then we noticed it was climbing higher and higher. The sky became light again soon we were flying steadily. The pilot had _ to get above the storm. I realized then that the plane was definitely stronger than it looked, but for all that I felt nervous.1. A. atB. toC. forD. above2. A. insideB. behindC. besideD. under3. A. reachedB. climbedC. flewD. entered4. A. askedB. announcedC. noticedD. told5. A. outB. inC. alongD. by6. A. fetchB. keepC. holdD. get7. A. possibleB. ableC. capableD. suitable8. A. prettierB. steadierC. strongerD. smaller9. A. beltB. bandC. stringD. ribbon10. A. smoothB. forgetC. decreaseD. relax11. A. noticedB. noticeC. noticesD. noticing12. A. sadnessB. nervousnessC. forgetfulnessD. excitement13. A. onB. outC. upD. in14. A. generalB. commonC. similarD. sharp15. A. smiledB. added C. spokeD. acted16. A. atB. aboutC. onD. with17. A. edgeB. lineC. withD. hook18. A. lighteningB. sun-lightC. fireD. thunder19. A. smoothB. saveC. coolD. comfort20. A. succeededB. plannedC. flownD. managedAmericans suffer from an overdose of work. Regardless _ who they are or what they do, Americans spend _ time at work that at any time since World War II. In 1950, the US had fewer working hours _ any industrialized country. Today, it exceeds every country _ Japan, where industrial employees log 2,155 hours a year compared _ 1,951 in the US and 1,603 in the _ West Germany. Between 1969 and 1989, employed Americans _ an average of 138 hours to their yearly work schedules. The work-week _ at about 40 hours, but people are working more weeks each year: _ , paid time off -holidays, vacations, sick leave - shrank _ 15 percent in the 1990s.As corporations have _ stiffer competition and slower growth in productivity, they have pressed employees to work longer. Cost-cutting layoffs in the 1980s _ the professional and managerial ranks, _ fewer people to get the job done. In lower-paid occupations, _wages have been reduced, workers have added hours _ overtime or extra jobs to _ their living standard. The Government estimates that more than seven million people hold a second job. For the fist time, large _ of people say they want to cut _ on working hours, even if it means earning less money. _ most employers are unwilling to let them do so. The Government, which has stepped back from its traditional _ as a regulator of work time, should take steps to make shorter hours possible.21. A. ofB. withC. forD. by22. A. lessB. sameC. moreD. much23. A. byB. forC. thanD. as24. A. andB. butC. asD. or25. A. forB. withC. inD. at26. A. pastB. earlyC. earlierD. former27. A. addedB. increasedC. broughtD. totaled28. A. stoodB. stoppedC. remainedD. set29. A. However B. Nevertheless C. Therefore D. Moreover30. A. byB. atC. withD. below31. A. sufferedB. experiencedC. undertakenD. endured32. A. shortenedB. reducedC. lessenedD. relieved33. A. leavingB. leftC. leaveD. to leave34. A. whenB. whereC. whileD. though35. A. byB. forC. toD. in36. A. preserveB. conserveC. improveD. protect37. A. numbersB. amountsC. figuresD. quantities38. A. offB. outC. inD. back39. A. ForB. AndC. ButD. Furthermore40. A. rule B. function C. task D. rolePeople from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable without meaning to or sometimes without even realizing it. Most Americans have _ been out of the country and have very _ experience with foreigners. But they are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and _ meeting new people, having guests and _ people together formally or informally. They tend to use first names in most _ and speak freely about themselves. _ if your American hosts do something that makes you _ , try to let them know how you feel. Most people will _ your honesty and try _ you uncomfortable again. _ youll all learn something about another culture!Many travelers find it _ to meet people in the U.S. than in other countries. They may just _ and introduce themselves or even invite you _ before they really know you. Sometimes Americans are said to be _ friendly. Perhaps it seems so, but they are probably just _ just _ anywhere else, it takes time to become _ friends with people in the U.S.If and when you _ American friends, they will probably enjoy _ you to their friends and family, and if they seem proud _ you, its probably because they are. Relax and enjoy it!41.A) overB) neverC) sometimesD) often42.A) muchB) littleC) manyD) a great deal43.A) enjoyB) avoidC) dislikeD) like44.A) receivingB) gatheringC) takingD) bringing45.A) situationsB) conditionsC) circumstancesD) cases46.A) AndB) HenceC) So D) But47.A) awkwardB) uncomfortableC) pleasantD) comfortable48.A) confirmB) praiseC) appreciateD) appraise49.A) not to letB) letting notC) not to make D) not to cause50.A) ThusB) ThenC) And D) Moreover51.A) easierB) happierC) simpler D) harder52.A) come toB) come aroundC) come on D) come up53.A) overB) outC) in D) around54.A) naturallyB) superficiallyC) heartily D) extremely55.A) killing timeB) make a good timeC) having a good time D) taking their time56.A) likeB) unlikeC) as D) different to57.A)realB) trueC) devoted D) loyal58.A) live withB) stay withC) stay away from D) are helpful to59.A) invitingB) leadingC) being acquainted D) introducing60.A) to have recognizedB) to knowC) recognizing D) of knowingAs civilization _ in the direction of technology, it passes the point of supplying all the basic_ of life - food, _ , clothes, and _ . Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and _needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary and, _ the other hand, using technology to _the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of living. In other words, we either raise our standard of living above _ necessary for comfort and happiness or we_ it at this level and work shorter hours. I shall take it as axiomatic (其理自明的)that mankind has, by that time, chosen the latter _ . Men will be working shorter and shorter hours in their paid _. It follows that the housewife will also _ to be able to have more _ in her life without lowering her standard of living. It also follows that _ servants will have completely _ to exist. Yet the great_of the housewives will wish to be relieved completely from the _ operations of the home such as scrubbing (擦洗) the floors, the_or the _, or washing the clothes or washing _, or dusting and sweeping, or making beds.61. A. proceedsB. profitsC. projectsD. promotes62. A. eventsB. processionsC. essentialsD. luxuries63. A. showerB. shoppingC. shoulderD. shelter64. A. warmthB. friendshipC. sicknessD. disease65. A. fulfillB. remarkC. rejectD. regulate66. A. forB. withC. onD. in67. A. increaseB. reduceC. releaseD. relax68. A. allB. whatC. whichD. that69. A. leaveB. lowerC. locateD. list70. A. chanceB. choiceC. alternativeD. substitute71. A. labourB. employerC. employeeD. employment72. A. considerB. existC. expectD. expand73. A. leverB. leisureC. libertyD. luck74. A. dramaticB. domesticC. diverse