教程6_Unit_Two.doc

Unit TwoText I The Fine Art of Putting Things Off 拖延的学问1. cool ones heels：be forced to wait; be kept waiting。空等。 2.attest to：testify to; serve as an evidence to affirmto be proof of。证实，证明。 3.apocalyptic pklptk：foreboding imminent disaster or final doom 。启示录的。 4.proconsul prkns()l：an administrator in a colony usually with wide powers。地方总督。 5.ruminate：go over in the mind repeatedly and often slowly。沉思，反刍。 6.nattering：chattering；hence, noisy。唠叨，瞎扯。 7.echelon eln;-：rank, 1evel。排成梯队。 8.fortify ：encourage；support。设防于，使坚强。 9.reappraisal ,riprezl：re-evaluation。重新估计，评价。 10.academe ,kdi:m：the academic community; academics。研究院。 11.shrink：1)psychoanalyst or psychiatrist精神分析学家。2) become smaller or draw together收缩，缩短。 12.subliminal：sblmn()lexisting or functioning outside the area of conscious awareness。潜意识的。 13.truism：an undoubted or self-evident truth。真实性。 14.mellow and marinate：to mellow is to become ripe or fully developed, and to marinate is to steep (meat, fish) in a savory sauce to enrich its flavour；here, ripen and mature。使醇香，浸泡。 II. Organization of the Textl 1. Procrastination pr(),krstne()nin and influential over various aspects of life (Paragraphs 1 2)l A. Early examples (1)l B. Modern examples (2)l 2. Contradictory qualities of procrastination (Paragraphs 3 8)II. Organization of the Textl A. Inspiring and reviving to writers (3)l B. Prevalence（普遍性）of procrastination in the military, diplomacy and the law (4)l C. Chronic procrastination（慢性拖延 and purposeful postponement (5 - 6)l D. Procrastination in academe (7)II. Organization of the Textl E. Psychologists different explanations of the causes to procrastination (8)l 3. Conclusion (Paragraph 9)III. Key Points of the Textl Paragraph 1l exhort: 规劝; 告戒l elegant:文雅的，雅致的；讲究的，精美的l E.g.: elegant manners 优雅的风度 l a set of books with elegant bindings 一套装帧精美的书籍l get / come around / round to:抽出时间来做（或考虑）l worthy: 知名人士；杰出人物l E.g.: local worthies 地方名流l He had been a college worthy. 他曾是学院里大名鼎鼎的人。l cool / kick ones heels: be forced to wait; be kept waiting久等，空等l anteroom:(连接正厅的) 前厅，候见室l attest to: 证明，表明l ever:是，不断地；永远，始终l E.g.: War and suffering have ever gone hand in hand. 战争和苦难总是结伴而行的。l ever-rising costs and prices 不断上涨的费用和物价l dub: 给起绰号；把称为；授予称号l cunctation: delay耽搁，延迟 rationalize: vt. 使合理化；为找借口，作辩解；l plead: ( 提出为理由；提出为借口l E.g.: The thief pleaded poverty. 那贼说是因为贫穷才偷窃的。l The Government pleaded ignorance. 政府借口不知情。 l edict: an order or command; decree法令，布告l procrastination: 耽搁，拖延 Paragraph 2l do-it-nowers: those who act promptly（迅速地；立即地；敏捷地）l at an ungodly 6:30 p.m.: at an unusually early hour. The author thinks 6:30 p.m. is rather too early for a planned formal dinner.l ungodly: 不适当的；不可思议的；令人不能容忍的l E.g.: He called at an ungodly hour. 他来得很不是时候。l eat an ungodly amount 食量大得叫人难以相信 l apocalyptic: pklptk 预示世界末日恐怖景象的l apocalypse: 天启，启示；启示录；大灾变 Paragraph 3l all the trouble procrastination may incur: all the trouble that a persons delay in action may bring upon himl incur: 招致, 引起, 带来; 遭受, 受到l geodetic ,di()detk survey: land area survey 大地测量l geodetics (= geodesy): dds 大地测量学，大地测量术l ledge: (近海岸的) 暗礁l porcupine: pkjpan (美洲箭猪) 豪猪Paragraph 4l the art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military , diplomacy and the law: the practice of putting things off had almost been exclusively done by the military, etc. The implied meaning is that the military, diplomacy, and the law are almost the worst delayers.l proconsul: 总督l ruminate: 反刍；沉思；反复思考l sling: 斯林酒 (一种由烈酒、水、糖、柠檬汁等混合而成的饮料)l blessedly: happilyl nattering (natter v.): chattering; hence, noisy瞎扯；，空谈l the worlds most addicted postponers: the worlds worst postponers who just could not free themselves from postponingl addicted: 使上瘾l The number of attorneys who die without a will is amazing: It is a usual practice for people to make a will, an official statement of the way they wish their property to be shared out after their death before they die. And it is generally the attorneys (AmE) or lawyers who administer the wills. But attorneys themselves postpone making their own wills.Paragraph 5l echelon: eln;(阶层l E.g.: the top echelon of the Civil Service 文职官员中的最高层l the higher (lower) echelons 较高（低）职位的全体人员l corporate dynamics: 企业的动态l the caution that breeds delay: the great care that causes delayl breed: cause (a usually unpleasant condition or feeling) to develop繁殖，产生，引起l E.g.: Some people believe that violence breeds violence.l Familiarity breeds contempt. 近之则不逊。 l fortify: encourage; supportParagraph 6l flourish: 繁荣，茂盛；处于旺盛时期l Were happy to see these disabled children flourish in their foster-homes (寄养家庭).l reappraisal: 重新评估；重新评价l many languages are studded with phrases: many languages are provided with phrasesl stud: 饰钉l be studded with: be covered with something like studs点缀着l E.g.: the sky studded with starsl languages studded with phrases: you find phrases in languages just like studsl apricot: eprkt杏子；杏树Paragraph 7l academe:,kdi:m 学术界；学术环境l take high honors: do very well, earn great distinction l churn out three to five pages of writing a day: produce three to five pages a dayl churn out: produce something routinely or mechanically, especially in large quantities. The phrase is used ironically and jokingly here, for three to five pages of writing cannot be considered as a large quantity.艰苦地做出l check out the latest book: examine the latest book carefully; borrow the latest book from the libraryParagraph 8l maintain: 断言；主张l assiduous sdjs (assiduity n.): ,sdjutshowing great care and perseverance; hard-working 勤奋的，刻苦的；坚持不懈地，一丝不苟地进行的l E.g.: be assiduous in ones duties 勤奋从事本职工作l shrink: (原始部落中) 把砍下的敌人首级干缩保存作为战利品者；精神病医师；精神分析学家l subliminal: 潜意识的l E.g.: subliminal advertising (电视等的)速闪广告 (即将广告内容在观众面前一掠而过，使观众潜意识受到冲击)l drag ones feet / heels: (informal) act intentionally in a slow or ineffective way 行动缓慢，拖拖拉拉l Think of one or two examples to illustrate what Dr. Greenson says “All frightened people will then avoid the moment of truth entirely, or evade or postpone it until the last possible moment.”l -For example, a person who has a bad tooth tends to delay his visit to the dentist until the pain becomes intolerable.Paragraph 9l Truism： 自明之理；不言而喻的事；老生常谈l deliberation: 细想，考虑；研究；审慎；从容l E.g.: After much deliberation, I decided not to go. 我在再三考虑后决定不去了。l speak with deliberation 字斟句酌地讲话l entree:ntrei (歌剧或芭蕾舞剧中) 开头的一个曲目；(美) 主菜l mellow and marinate / marinade:：成熟和完善 l pace: pes 请，（可能与自己意见不同的人）原谅l by all means: 当然可以1.富兰克林在他的自传里力劝读者要勤俭。(exhort)Franklin exhorted readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography.6.要我们在这么短时间内完成这一工作几乎是不可能的。(virtually)It is virtually impossible for us to finish the work within such a short time.7.他反复思考这个手术可能会产生的后果。(ruminate)He ruminated over the likely consequences of the operation.8.这个地区的报业很兴旺。(flourish)The newspaper business in the region is flourishing. 今天能做的事情决不要推到明天。”切斯特菲尔德伯爵在1794年劝告儿子时说道，但是这位文雅的伯爵却从没有抽出时间来完成与孩子母亲的婚礼，也没有戒除让约翰逊博士此类名人在接待室久候的坏习惯，这足以证明，即使是有心人，也绝非毫无拖延，罗马的一位大将军昆塔斯 费边 马克西姆斯为了赢得尽可能多的喘息机会，推迟战斗时间，被冠以“拖延者”。摩西为了使自己向法老传递耶和华法令过程中的犹豫合理化，颓唐语言有缺陷，当然，哈姆雷特把延迟上升为一种艺术形式。 世界上的人基本上可以分成均匀的两半：拖延者和马上行动者。有些人二月份就准备好了个人所得税，预先偿还抵押借款，在常人难以忍受的6点半钟准时吃饭，而另外一些人则乐于在9点或10点钟时吃些剩菜剩饭，错放帐单和文件以期延长缴税的期限。他们非要等到警告声变成恐吓声才肯去支付信用卡的帐单。就象浮士德所遭遇的那样，他们推迟去理发店，看牙医或医生。尽管延误会带来诸多不便，但延迟经常可以激发和唤醒具有创新意识的灵魂。写下许多成功小说和剧本的作家琼克尔说到，她要把厨房每个汤罐头和酱瓶子上的标签看上一遍后，才能安心坐在打字机旁。许多作家都关注着他们任务之外的大小琐事，譬如关注在缅因州法国人海湾和巴尔海港进行的海岸和土地测量，其中的地名，如古今斯暗礁、不伦特池塘、海鸥小山、伯恩特豪猪、朗豪猪、希波豪猪以及鲍尔德豪猪岛，都激起了他们的想象。从“拖延者”年代到当今世纪，推迟的艺术实际上被军事（“赶快和等一下”）、外交和法律垄断了。在过去的年代里，英国殖民地总督可以手中拿着杯酒，安逸的思考民族叛乱的形势，他应该庆幸没有电传和打印机在一旁喋喋不休地传递着命令，一会儿是增加机关枪啊一会儿又是增派军队啊。直到二战时，美国将军还可以和敌方将军达成协议，休一天运动假，去掠夺村民的鸡和酒，明日再战。律师是世界上最上瘾的延误者。据一个来自贝弗利山的，号称从不拖延的推销员弗兰克.内森叙说，“没有留下遗嘱就去世的律师数不胜数。”无志者，事也成。当然，慢性拖延和刻意拖延是有差别的，特别是在高层商业中。美国银行集团总裁理查德曼德巴赫说，企业动态学鼓励谨慎行事，由此滋生了延迟。他提到，快速行动往往会进入尴尬的局面和付出沉重的代价，数据爆炸刺激了一些懒惰的人以此为借口另一个报告等着读，另一个权威等着咨询。曼德巴赫说