新三LESSON3讲义.doc

SUN-VILLAGE ENGLISH 洋人街国际教育Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神1、 Text Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses - often three storeys high - were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets. The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.单词讲解：1. goddess n.女神 immortal 神仙 fairy 仙女hostesswaitressactressstewardessmistressmurderesstigress2. archaeology arch 拱形 architect architecturepsychology psychologist 心理学physiology physiologist 生理学special specialist 专家race 种族 racist 种族主义者terrible terrorist 恐怖分子pacific 和平的 pacifist 和平主义者natural 自然的 naturalist 自然主义者zoo 动物园 zoologist 动物学家3. Explore - Thearchaeologistsareexploringthecave. exploration n.探险 / explorer n.探险家 We have explored several solutions to the problem.4. Channel 海峡 The English Channel Strait 海峡 Taiwan Strait5. Prosperous - Ourfinanceisprosperous 我们的经济非常的繁荣。 thriving adj.昌盛的，兴旺的 （thrive v.） - thriving businessbooming adj.蓬勃的，景气的 （boom n. v.） - a booming market繁荣的市场flourishing adj.繁茂的，健康的 （flourish n. v.）- Those plants are flourishing. 那些植物长得茂盛。6. civilization n.文明 civil adj. 公民的 civilize vt.使开化, 使文明 - highlevelofcivilization 高度文明 The city enjoys a high level of civilization. Civilized behavior 文明行为 Civil rights 公民权力7. storey n.楼层 英式英语 storey 美式英语 story first floor一层（美式英语）/二层（英式英语） ground floor一层 （英式英语）8. drainage drend n.排水 drain n. 排水沟 =ditch 下水道 draining system=drainage system 排水系统9. worship n.v.祟拜 / respect vt.尊敬, 尊重 / admire v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕 worshipper 崇拜者 admirer - Whodoyouworshipintheworld? warship n.军舰, 战船 The worship of money. His admirers worshipped at his feet.10. sacred adj.宗教的, 神圣的 holy religious - sacredmusic圣乐 / sacredpromise神圣的诺言a sacred place 圣地 a sacred oath 誓言 holy adj.神圣的, 圣洁的 - a holy person/ a holy placesolemn adj.庄严的, 庄重的 - a solemn face 严肃的面孔 - a solemn ceremony 隆重的仪式11. fragment n.碎片 She dropped the bowl on the floor, and it broke into fragments/pieces.12. remains n.遗物，遗迹，废墟 wreck wreckage remainder ruinsThe remains of the meal is in the refrigerator. The remains of ancient Rome. His remains were buried in the churchyard.13. classical adj.（希腊和罗马）古文化的（即传统的）；文科的, 人文科学的- classicalmusic 古典音乐 / classicaleducation 人文科学教育classic adj.第一流的, 标准的, 著名的, 典型的 - Thisistheclassicexampleofloveatthefirstsight.classic n.杰作, 经典之作- That joke is a classic; it really is funny. 这个笑话确属一流,真是妙趣横生。14. reconstruct v.修复 （Re -重新, 再次）rebuild restore construct vt.构造, 建造, 组织（通过装配或组合部件而构成）- constructasentence - build ahouse 造建筑物 / putupatent construction n.建设, 建造 constructive adj.有教育意义的constructor n.建造者, 建设者instruct 指导 instruction 指导 destruct 破坏 destruction 破坏15. rest v.倚放, 放置 rest sth on/against sthplace 正式The professor placed the examination paper in front of me.put 非正式He put the book on the table.lay 把某物放在某物的表面She laid her hand on my shoulder.rest靠某物支持He rested his elbows on the table.16. hip n. 屁股 ass 屁股 buttock 臀部kick your ass 揍你 kiss my ass 吻我的屁股 表示看不起 hip-hop 街舞hip-pocket 裤子后兜 be really hip 非常时尚 17. full-length adj.（裙衣）拖地长的, 全长的, 全身的- afull-lengthdress 拽地长裙 - afull-lengthmirror 穿衣镜 half-length 半身的full-grown adj.生长完全的, 发育完全的 full time n.专职, 全部时间18. graceful adj.优雅的 - agracefullady A graceful letter of thanks.gracious 和蔼可亲的彬彬有礼的 elegant adj.优雅的（举止） - an elegant gentleman. 举止文雅的绅士An elegant style of writing. A charming mangentle文雅的 tender温柔的 naive天真的19. identity n.身份 Please prove your identity. Identity card= ID=identification 鉴别 Identify v 认出课文解析：1. Sometimeago,aninterestingdiscoverywasmadebyarchaeologistsontheAegeanislandofKea.some time ago 作时间状语ahead of time 提前 at one time 曾经 at a time 一次中文习惯用主动语态。英文习惯用被动语态。以事件、结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述。make a discovery make a study of make an attempt make a promisein one way or another 想方设法 不管怎样manage to do sth.have sth. done 让.被做 让别人做某事2. An American team explored a temple which stands inanancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini（艾伊亚.依里尼，位于希腊）.stand/in/at/on耸立在高处lie/in/at/on位于低处 be situated in/at/on= be located in/at/on坐落于.方向whichstandsin. = whichliesin = whichislocated in = which is situatedin.Stand 1 身高 2表示高高坐落于, 矗立于 - Shestands1.75m. 她身高1.75米 - Agreattreestandsonthemountain. 一棵大树竖立在山上。3. Thecityatonetimemusthavebeenprosperous,foritenjoyedahighlevelofcivilization.for引导原因状语从句：对主句的附加说明和解释，提供更多的信息。atonetime 表达曾经, 一度（过去时态的标志, = once）musthavebeen对过去事实肯定的推测enjoyedahighlevelofcivilization 享有高度文明sb.+enjoy 表示某人喜欢/享受sth.+enjoy表示拥有 相当于haveChina enjoys/has a long and glorious history of over 5000 years.4. Houses-oftenthreestoreyshigh-werebuiltofstone. oftenthreestoreyshigh 在此起分隔主谓语的作用，实际是作houses的定语sth.be built of sth. 表示某物由（可看见的单一）材料建造而成The school room is built of wood.be made of/be made from The paper is made from wood纸是木头做的。5. Theyhadlargeroomswithbeautifullydecoratedwalls.修改句：Theyhadlargeroomswithwalls that were beautifully . ayoungmanwithbroadshoulders anoldladywithblackhairbeautifullydecorated 过去分词做定语 - abeautifullydressedlady衣着漂亮的女士- adesertedcar park 废弃的停车场 - awhitepainteddoor 被刷成白色的门decorate装饰 decoration 装饰 decorated 装饰好的6. Thecitywasequippedwithadrainagesystem,foragreatmanyclaypipeswerefoundbeneaththenarrowstreets.beequippedwith 配备, 装备 （equip vt.装备, 配备）equip sb. with sth.(for a certain purpose) equip的宾语必须是“人或者机构”，with后接“用以装备的工具”，for后接“目的”。They equiped the soldiers with the latest weapons for the coming war.claypipes 陶土制作的管道on-beneath - beneaththenarrowstreets = underthenarrowstreets - Heisstandingunder/beneaththeumbrella.在进行中：只能用under - undercontrol 控制之中 / underdiscussion 讨论之中 / underrepairs修理之中below在下方（强调在斜下方） - Sheissittingbelowthewindow7. Thetemplewhichthearchaeologistsexploredwasused(asaplaceofworship)fromthefifteenthcenturyB.C.untilRomantimes.as a place of worship 做主语temple的补足语 祭祀祈祷的场所Today， hotel is not just limited to being a place for relation. It is also used as a place of meeting.B.C Before Christ 公元前 耶稣诞生之前 A.D Anno Domini 公元前 耶稣诞生之后A. M Ante Meridiem 上午 P.M Post Meridiem 下午8. Inthemostsacredroomoftemple,clayfragmentsoffifteenstatueswerefound.Clay fragment 陶制碎片 statue 雕像9. Eachoftheserepresentedagoddessandhad,atonetime,beenpainted.each of 强调每一represent 代表（具体）The foreign Minister represented the country at the conference.stand for 代表（抽象）Pigeon and green stand for peace.on behalf of 代表（身份）At the airport，the manager read an address of welcome on behalf of the computer.10. ThebodyofonestatuewasfoundamongremainsdatingfromthefifteenthcenturyB.C.remains 此词必须用复数形式，谓语有时候用单数常用复数的词：arms 武器 clothes 衣服 contents 内容fireworks 烟花 goods 货物 stairs 楼梯 thanks 感谢 wages 工资dating现在分词, 修饰remainsdate from=date back to追溯，始于Thetraditiondatesfromthetimewhenhisgrandfatherwasyoung.11. ItsmissingheadhappenedtobeamongremainsofthefifthcenturyB.C.happento 偶然, 碰巧=do sth. by chance- Ihappentohavedriventhatkindofcar. 我恰巧开过那种车。- Hehappenedtofindtheticketinhispocket. Ithappensthat +从句IthappenedthatImetheronmywaytowork.= Ihappenedtomeetheronmywaywork.sth. happen to sb.某人遇到某事sth. occur to sb.某人想到某事Stealing has never occurred to her.12. ThisheadmusthavebeenfoundinClassicaltimesandcarefullypreserved.Itwasveryoldandpreciouseventhen.must have been found 是对过去的猜测classical time 古典时代，指以地中海为中心，包括古希腊和古罗马的一系列文明，古希腊的古典时代是在公元前5-4世纪前期，古罗马的古典时代是公元前6-1世纪。preserve 保存（强调不受破坏）conserve 保存（强调节约）reserve 保存（强调特殊目的） even then=even at that time 及时在当时13. Whenthearchaeologistsreconstructedthefragments,theywereamazedtofindthatthegoddessturnedouttobeaverymodern-lookingwoman.when引导时间状语从句 that引导宾语从句be amazed to do sth. 某人惊奇的做某事We are all amazed to see his progress.reconstruct 重建 重组modern-looking 好看的 adj.+v.ing 复合形容词good-looking ugly-looking plain-looking interesting-looking bad-looking earthy-looking strange-lookingturn out to be=prove (to be) 证明是She seems to be stingy, but actually turns out to be/proves to be most generous.There is nothing I can do about it.=I can do nothing about it.nothing,anything,something,everything关系代词之后只能用that引导定语从句14. Shestoodthreefeethighandherhandsrestedonherhips.stand Line 3 which stands in 高高耸立这里是人或物的高度1feet =0.3048米 1feet=12inch=2.54厘米reston v.被搁在, 停留在, 信赖=dependon（依靠, 依赖）/ leanon（靠着）- Hishandrestedlightlyonmyshoulder15. Shewaswearingafull-lengthskirtwhichswepttheground.full-length TV series 大型电视系列片 half-length photo full-time job full-dress welcome full-scale warsweep the ground 扫地， 拖地16. Despitehergreatage,shewasverygracefulindeed,but,sofar,thearchaeologistshavebeenunabletodiscoverheridentity.But,sofar,thearchaeologistshavebeenunabletodiscoverheridentity.=Itisstillaproblemforthearchaeologistsuptonow.Despite = inspiteof（两者都是介词），后面+名词/动名词great age是very old 的委婉表达 译为上了年纪的advanced in age 年迈的 feel ones age 感觉上了年纪 golden age 金