新考研词义辨析(265组).doc

1out of question/out of the questionout of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能eg：Kiamonds are out of question.The hardest substance found in nature life without water and food is out of the question.2. quite/quiet quite “相当、完全地、彻底地” quiet “安静的、不嘈杂的”3. rate/ratioratio指两个数目之间的关系。较大的是较小的几倍，做“比率、比例”解。rate指事物某阶段时间内发展变化的“速度”。也可指“费用、价格”等。4. receive/acceptreceive强调客观接受 accept 强调主观接受5. respect/aspect respect是表示大处着眼的各方面。aspect往往强调一个问题的几方面。You should consider all aspects of your decision, negative as well as positiveIn this respect, he is bad.6. respectful/respectable/respective respectful 有主动的意味：“对表示敬意”respectable 令有被动之意，意思是值得“尊敬的、体面的”respective 作定语，作“各自的、单个的”She is a respectable womanThey returned to their respective home.他们各自回家了。7. spend /cost/take sb. spend in doing sth (人做主语) sth cost sb (物做主语)It takes sbto do 8. childish /childlike 这两个词都可用来修饰人。childish是贬义词“孩子气的、幼稚的”指不为大家欣赏的性格。如发脾气、不成熟。childlike用于称赞场合“孩子似的”指保留儿童的天真、无邪、单纯等较好的品质。9. classic /classical classic 指质量、品质一流的、经典的、或典型的。classical作“古典的” eg: classical music or light music10. considerable/considerate considerable adj 作“大量的”解considerate adj 作“体贴的、体谅的”11. contact/contractcontact 联系、接触 lose contact withcontract 合同 make contract12.contribute/attribute/distributecontribute 贡献attribute 把归咎于distribute 分发、散布13. in the corner/on the cornerin the corner 指室内的某个角里 in the corner of the roomon the corner 指拐角上、多指外部 on the corner of the street14.country/nationcountry 指一个地方的地理特征nation 多指该地的政治、社会特征15. different/indifferentdifferent “不同的” My brother and I are quite different.indifferent “ 不在乎” “一般的” He is indifferent to dangers 他不在乎危险16. elder/olderelder 年长的 older作old 的比较级，意为较大的、较旧的She is older than me17. electric/electricalelectric 是与电有直接联系的。“电的、用电的、导电的”electric light electric cooker 电饭煲electrical 与电有关的He was an electrical engineer 电机工程师18. farther/furtherfarther 表示空间上的距离 further 更侧重于意义上更进一步19. heap/pile heap 通常指许多东西不整齐或凌乱的堆在一起He heaped the leaves in the corner of the gardenpile 总指许多东西堆在一起。更强调同一类东西堆积的像小山一样成叠叠层层堆法There were piles of books all over the floor.20. ignore/neglectignore 假装不知道、故意不理。表示对某事物未给予应有或足够的重视They call me rude names,but I just try to iqnore it and walk on 他们叫我的绰号，但我只是假装不知道，继续走路。neqlect 指有意或无意的忽视该做的事或玩忽职守。He often neqlects his duty21. join /join in join 加入或参加的一般是党派、团体或人群。 He join the Party.join in 加入的一般是某种活动22. later/latter/latestlater 指某种行为或状况要比预期的更晚一些。作“更迟的、稍后”解。latest是late 的比较级。“最迟的、最近的”latter只表示顺序上的先后，使用时要加the.它与former相对23. living/aliveliving一般作定语，表示“有生命力的”“栩栩如生的”alive只能作表语。The fish we caught is still alive24. long before/before longlong before 在“之前” Long before World War John was a general of the army.before long 表示“不久之后” I will be seeing you before long.25. manner/mannersmanner 表示某人行动的方式或方法。作“举止、方式。”manners 不是上词的复数形式。仅是个单数抽象名词。作“礼貌、风范”I dont like his mannerYou ought to teach that boy to mind his manners26. mature/ripemature 指人或动物身体发育成熟，也指心里成熟ripe 多用指物、蔬菜、小果成熟，可以收获、享用。27. no more than/no morethanno more than “仅仅“、“只不过”no more than “ 和一样不”28. occur/take place/occur tooccur特指意料之外的情况的发生。take place 指在计划发生、有准备occur to 意思是某人突然提起. It occurred to me that 我突然提起29. pain/ache两个词虽然都指肉体上的“疼痛”。pain比ache程度上似乎要轻些pain也可指精神上的痛苦。pain是及物动词，而ache是不及物动词30. people/the people/peoplespeople人们 the people 人民peoples 民族31. persist/insist persist 强调毅力方面的坚持不懈、不顾挫折与困难，常用persist in.insist后面接on或that丛句。表示坚持某个提法或主张He persisted in reading aloud every morning32. personal/personnelpersonal是形容词，“私人的、亲自的”。personnel是名词，“全体职工、全体人员”。33. affect/effectaffect 作及物动词，有影响、感染 The climate affected his health.effect作名词，作“有的结果”“有影响或作用”后跟介词on。34. attitude/altitudeattitude 态度、姿态altitude 海拔35. arise/arouse/rise/raiseraise 是及物动词 rise是不及物动词arise 不及物动词，作“起来、出现、呈现、由引起、产生”多用抽象名词arouse及物动词，作“激起、唤起”时候跟抽象名词也可做唤醒36. award /rewardaward只参加比赛后正式或官方给予的奖赏或奖金The gold medal was awarded to Mr. Smith for his performance由于他的出色成绩，史密斯先生被授予金牌She was awarded a medal for bravery. 他因勇敢而获得奖章reward指因为工作优秀或给帮忙等而获得的报答或报酬。一般用于被动Anyone providing information which leads to the recovery of the painting will be rewarded.凡提供线索有助于寻回该画者，可获报酬37. nice/good /fine nice 侧重于事物的外向、外表的好看、好感 This is a nice picture. She is a nice womangood 侧重于人的品性、业务或事物的品质的好He is a good student.We have seen a good movie recentlyfine 侧重于人的身体、天气和景色的好坏。It is fine day today. How fine a view is here!38. principle/principalprinceple是名词，作“原理、准则、规范”解principal作名词时，指教育机构的负责人“院长、校长”; 作形容词时是“主要的，重要的”basic principles 基本原理It is against my principles to lie to her. 对他撒谎有悖我的行为准则。The principal reason for 39. tendency/trend tendency可指个人或某一具体事物所具有的发展趋势或倾向，也可指大的倾向。trend指较为广泛的趋势或倾向，此时两者同意，但trend有“潮流，时尚”之意。She showed a tendency to get fat after marriage.婚后发胖趋势There is a tendency /trend for price to rise this year .物价上涨趋势I cant keep up with the lastest music trend 音乐潮流40. at a time/at one time/at times/sometimes/some time/sometimeat a time 一次、每次 Take the two tablets at a time 每次服两片at one time 一度，从前 At one time went camping frequently. 我曾一度区野营。at times 有时，相当于sometimes. On Sundays we usually stay at home and go shopping at timessometime某个不确定的时间 some time 较长的一段时间sometimes有时41. historic/historicalhistoric 指历史上有重大意义的事件，有名的This is a document of historic significance. historical 指历史空间与现在相对。historical character 历史人物He has many historical books.42. gold/goldengold 指金子，黄金制成的，如gold fish, gold bar金条，gold mine 金矿golden 金色的，象金子一样的43. expand/extend/stretchexpand 扩大，不仅指尺寸的增加还指范围和体积的扩大Metals expand when they are heated.金属遇热膨胀extend 伸出、延伸、指空间范围在扩大以及长度，宽度的延伸，也可指时间的延长。Can you extend your visit to stay for a few days longer?stretch拉长，伸展，一般指由曲变直，不是加长Please stretch the rope tight.请把绳子拉直。44. economic/economicaleconomic 经济上的，经济学的，如economic base 经济基础economic crisis 经济危机economical 节俭的，节约的, 如an economical storeHe is an economical person.他是一个节俭的人。45. cure/heal/treatcure 指治愈疾病，heal指外伤的愈合，treat指用药去治疗，强调治疗的动作，不强调治愈的后果。46. compose/consistcompose 组成。常用于被动语态。be composed of 由组成Our class is composed of twenty boys and twenty girls.consist of 组成，用于主动语态。Our class consists of twenty boys and twenty girls.47. in front of /in the front of in front of 指在某事物的前面，指物体的外面The car stopped in front of our school.in the front of 指在某事物的前部，包括在物体内48. insist on/persist in/stick to insist on 多用于“坚持意见，看法，主张”He insisted on her correctness.他坚持认为自己是正确的。persist in 表示固执己见，或坚持不改stick to 用于坚持原则，决定。Jack always sticks to his promise.49. marriage /wedding marriage 必须得到法律认可，指男女两性结合的一种生活方式wedding 一般只是习俗非法律程序，指男女结婚时的一种仪式50. pay/salary/wagepay 指从各种工作中得到的报酬，可代替salary ,wage.He receives high pay.salary 指脑力劳动者的工资，一般指按月计算，是不可数名词wage指体力劳动者的工资，一般指不按周计算，常用复数形式51. problem/questionproblem指客观存在无需回答的问题question指需要考虑或议论的问题52. result from/result inresult from 因产生，后接原因The accident resulted from, the drivers careless, drive.result in 导致，后接结果The accident resulted in five peoples death.这个事故导致人死亡。53. rob/steal rob 抢，夺，惯用搭配是rob sb of sthThe robber robbed him of his purse.steal其惯用搭配是steal sth from sb.The thief stole the purse from him.54. hope/wishhope 指有把握实现的希望，wish指较难实现的希望;.hope 表示积极的态度，wish 往往有极等待的意味;hope 后面不能用虚拟语气，而wish则相反;hope 不能表示祝愿，wish 可以55. ignore/neglectignore 有意不理睬。He ignored my arrival.对我的到来，他不理睬。neglect 由于重视不够等原因而忽视了。Im late because I neglected to wind the clock last night.昨晚我忘了给闹钟上弦。56. holiday/vacationholiday表示节假日常用于英国，既可指常时间，也可指短时间，常制宗教节日Sunday is holiday.vacation 指大学停课放假的长达多周的假日，常用在美国，用于较长时间的假日57. in case of/in the case ofin case of 以防-、万一-in the case of 就-而言，至于Ill contact the general manager in case of need.万一需要，我会和总经理联系。We dont usually accept papers turned in late, but in the case of Tom, we can make an exception.我们一般不接受迟交的论文，但是对于汤姆来说，我们可以破例。58. in charge of /in the charge ofin charge of 负责，管理，掌管，相当于be responsible for。He used to be in change of secret documents.他过去负责保管机密文件。in the charge of在某人的掌管和照顾之下，有被动的意思The baby was in the charge of Mary.那个婴儿由玛莉负责照顾。59. familiar to/familiar withbe familiar to的主语必须是物，如：English is familiar to her.be familiar with的主语必须是人。如: She is familiar with English.60His wife was too ill to be left _A.alone B. lone C. lonely D. lonesome Alone客观上的“单独的”，“独自的”，不含感情色彩。 Lone定语形容词。指人时表示“孤独的”；指物时表示“唯一的”。 Lonely定语或表语形容词。指人时表示“孤独的，寂寞的”；指地方则表示“荒芜的，孤寂的”，有一定的感情色彩。Lonesome用法与意思与lonely大致相同，但主要来形容人。61The _plains of Canada produce much corn. A. wealthyB.richC. abundantD. plentifulrich富有的、富饶的;wealthy富裕的、富足的、指钱才、资产abundant富足、有余We have abundant proof of his quilt 我们有足够的证据来证明他有罪plentiful 大量，多指数量多，特别之食品、蔬菜、水果供应量充足，不用来指写字、时间、空间等eggs are plentiful in spring 春天有大量的鸡蛋62The situation there _ that I should be careful and patient.A. demand require C.hopes D.wishesdemand是上级对下级提出要求，带有强制性、权威性 ；require是对行为的要求带有客观性；hopes强调虽对愿望的实现无把握，但仍期待一个良好的结果;wishes实现的希望几乎没有。63It took him several months to _the wild horseA. fendB.cultivateC.breed.tamefend看管、照料；cultivate培养、耕作；breed训练、孕育；tame 驯服56During the Miss World Contest, the contestants put on their national _.A.clothes B.dresscostumesD.clothingclothes指鞋帽以外的穿的、凡身上穿的东西；dress 礼服；costumes特定时间人们穿的衣服、也指为了某一事物穿的衣服。57When he applied for a _in the office of local newspaper he was told to see the manager.A.locationB.professionC.career.position location地理位置；profession较高级的职业；career有晋升机会的一般职业；position职位、位置。58The cows go out of the field through a_in the fencegap B.crackC.cutD.passgap缺口、大缝隙；crack墙上裂缝；cut伤口；pass关口、巷口59Dogs are often praised for their _. faithB. loyaltyC.trustD.truthfulnessfaith信任、信奉;loyalty忠诚的、忠心不二；trust信任、信赖；truthfulness相信的人、深信不已。60I always read the leading _in our daily paperA.essayB.compositionC.paper .articleessay学术论文；composition作文；paper试卷；article各种报刊杂志上的论文61The publication of the poets most recent works will certainly _his national reputationA.magnify B.strengthenC.enlarge.enhancemagnify把实物扩大看得更清楚；strengthen加强、使健壮；enlarge扩大面积的范围；enhance使人或物地位更高、名声更显赫。62If I take this medicine twice a day, it should _my cold A.heal.cureC.treatD.orderheal治愈外伤；cure强调治疗效果；treat强调治疗的过程63Great men often have great_.A.mistakes B.errorsC.misdeeds.faults mistake错误、误解error指任何错误的行为 misleed犯罪行为 fault一般指性格、品质行为上的过失64Small incomes have brought down the birth _rate B.rationC.proporfionD.percentagerate比率、速率、出生率、死亡率、犯罪率;ration比率、比例、指一个数量与另一个数量的比例，仅用于数学的计算上;proportion比例；percentage百分比 65The weather was_ worse than I had expected.A.very B.fairlyratherD.prettyvery和pretty不能用来修饰比较级。rather与贬义形容词连用。 fairly与褒义形容词连用66The guard _us to look out of the window when the train was moving.A.banned B.stoppedC.prohibited.forbadebanned语气最重，含有“严厉谴责”之意指权力机构严厉禁止危害公共利益的事物stopped指一行为或进程暂时停止；prohibited指正是规章的法律和官方行为禁止forbade指个人作出的约束，也可指官方做出的规则和准则。67Has anyone been closen to _you when you leave.replace B.substituteC.exchangeD.take place ofA replaces B.或 substitute A for B交换没有这个词组（要加the）replace B with/by A68. I want to leave quickly but under the _ I decided to stay another night.cireumstancesB.environmentC.surroundingsD.setting circumstances情况、境况 environment环境总称（物质的或精神的） surroundings物质环境范围小 setting背景69You should remember such a _ saying: More haste, less speed.A.cleverwise C.bright D.quickclever机灵、聪明wise智慧的、英明的 bright聪明、伶俐 quick反应快、敏捷70The two boys _ their resources to buy a bicycle A .connected .combinedC.joinedD.linkedconnecte两物在等一点上接触，但各自保持独立；combine“结合”组合为一，可用于抽象或无形；join联系比concnect紧密；link必须连接，联系更紧密的东西。71The twins are so much _ and it is difficult to tell one from the other.A.similarB.likeC.equalalikesimilar部分相同或相像，常用similar to。Gold is similar to brass（黄铜）in colour；alike作形容词时只能作表语，不可作定语，前面不能用very 只能用much、very much修饰。They are much alike in character。72The book is _ as it was the only one signed by the writer.AunsualB.rareuniqueD.singularunsual“异常”即可指好的，也可指坏的；rare非常稀罕，含有“贵重”意味；unique独一无二、无与伦比;singular特别的、单数的。73The vacunm cleaner is valuable labor-saving _ for the busy housewifeA.motorB.engine deviceD.instrument motor发动机 engine引擎device小型装置instrument大型装置74Recently the newspaper has reported several _ on the boundaries of Israel and Jorden.A.accidents.incidentsC.eventsD.happeningsaccidents偶然的不幸事件；incidents外交、政治事件Xian Incident；events指重大事件；happenings奇怪事件，常用复数。75Some countries in the disaster area have difficulty solving the problem of their _ food supply.A.rareB.shortage.scarceD.lackrare缺乏，用作动词； lack常与of连用作动词 用名词时常用of连用。76In order to increase the production we have to invest more in fixed _ A.propertyB.capital.assetsD.funds property资产，指法律上承认的所有权的财产private property；capital资产、资本；assets资产，包括动产与不动产，指商业和法律用语；funds资金，存款，用复数。77There is often _ unemployment in the ship building industry.considerableB.consideredC.considerateD.consideringconsiderable大量、许多，后常接不可数名词，a considerable amount of monay；considered深思熟虑的，常作定语或表语a considered decision；considerate体谅别人；considering考虑到鉴于。78Many psychologists are inclined to attribulte the formation of _ entirely to the operation of the cultural and physical environmentA.personalitypersonnelC.personD.personalpersonality个性、品格；personnel全体人员，可数名词；person个人；personal私人的、亲自的。79Our college _ of the eleven departmentA.constitutesB.contains.consistsD.composesconstitutes有部分组成主体，主语是组成部分，与consist of 相反。Listening、speaking，reading and writing consistute the content；contains包含，The atlas contains 50 maps；Books contain knowledge；consists只能用于主动语态；composes常用于被动，后接of，Steel is composed of iron and a number of other elements。80The failure of the experiment was _ his careless operation of the machine.A.thanks to B.becausedue to D.in spite of thanks to多亏Thanks to your advice；because与of连用；due to 由于 Your failure is due to neglect；in spite of尽管。81Both dress were pretty,but the girl _ the blue one.A.electedB.choseC.took.selectedelect推选、选举 choose一般“选择”侧重于 take带走、拿走select经仔细辨别后进行优劣的选择82The lawyer gave advice to poor people for a very small_.A.costB.fare.feeD.paymentcost 成本；fare车船费；fee给教师、医生或专门职业的酬金、酬劳费、手续费、学费；payment付款、薪水、报酬83.Shenzhen has set a very good example to other special economic _ in China (2001)A.area B.region .zone D.districtarea普遍的地区、领域；region地理上较大的地区，tropical region；zone特殊意义的地区；district行政区。84.The Car Club couldnt _ to meet the demands of all its memebersA.assume B.ensure .quarantee D.confirmassume假定，assume that，assum+sth. to be；ensure保证，ensure that，ensure sb sth；quarantee接不定式；confirm证实，confirm sth.85.Eating too much fat can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressureA.attribute to .contribute to C.attend to D.devote to attribute to归因于；contribute to有助于，促使；attend to专心于；devote to献身于。86.You shouldnt have written in the _ since the book belongs to the library.A.edge B.border C.interval .marginedge边缘 border边境、边界 interval间隔、休息时间 margin页边的空白处87. The _ of airplane engines announced a coming air raid. roar B. scream C. whistle D. exclamationroar轰鸣声 scream尖叫声 whistle口哨声，汽笛声 exclamation感叹声88. I waited for him half an hour, but he never _.A. turned in B.turned down .turned up D.turned off turn in上交 turn down拒绝，调低 turn up出现，到来 close down关闭89. Could you take a _ sheet of paper and write your name at the top.blank B. hollow C. bare D. vacantblank空白处 hollow空心的 bare赤裸的 vacant未能占用，常指座位或空间无人使用90. Some diseases are _ by certain water animalsA.transplanted B.tranformed C.transported .transmittedtransplant移植、迁移 transform改变、改道 transport运输、运送 transmit传播、传送91. Wouldnt you rather child _ to bed earty?A.go .wentC.would go D.goes注：you would rather that 从句谓语用过去时92.The words of his old teacher left a _ impression on his mind ,he is still influenced by them。A.long .lasting C.livelyD.liberallong长的、远的lasting持久地、长久的 lively热烈的 liberal自由主义的、大方的93. Mikes uncle insists _ in this hotelA.staying not B.that he would not stayC.not to stay.that he not stay注：insist+that should do should 可以省略94.It is our _ policy that we will achieve unity (统一)through peaceful means.consistent B.continous C.considerateD.continualconsistent连贯的、始终如一的 continuous连续的considerate考虑周到的、体贴的 continual不断的、频繁的95.Between 1974 and 1997,the number of over seas visitor expanded _27%。.by B.for C.to D.in注：上升了百分之几，要用by不能用to,用to表示增加到.习惯用语96. She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _enough to eat.A.mild B.slightC.light .tendermild温和的 slight轻微的、细长的 light轻的 tender嫩德、脆弱的97. His remarks left me _ about his real purposeA.wonderedB.wonder C.to wonder.wondering注：leave sb +doing sth 使某人处于某种状态 leave sb to do sth 委托某人做某事98._seeing the demage he had done, the chil