旅游景点 口译资料.doc

Beijing1.The Forbidden CityThe Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, and now houses the Palace Museum. It was built in 1406 to 1420, the complex consists of 980 buildings and covers 720,000 m2 (7,800,000 sq ft). For almost 500 years, it served as the home of emperors and their households, as well as the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government. The palace complex exemplifies traditional Chinese palatial architecture, and has influenced cultural and architectural developments in East Asia and elsewhere. The Forbidden City was declared a World Heritage Site in 1987, and is listed by UNESCO as the largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the world.2.The Great WallThe Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire or its prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or military incursions by various warlike peoples or forces. The entire wall with all of its branches measure out to be 21,196 km (13,171 mi) and it stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east, to Lop Lake in the west. The wall built between 220206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang and the majority of the existing wall was reconstructed during the Ming Dynasty. Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. 3.The Summer PalaceThe Summer Palace, or officially in China Garden of Nurtured Harmony, is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens and palatial buildings in Beijing, China. The Summer Palace is mainly dominated by Longevity Hill and the Kunming Lake. It covers an expanse of 2.9 square kilometers, three-quarters of which is water.In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List. It declared the Summer Palace a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design. The natural landscape of hills and open water is combined with artificial features such as pavilions, halls, palaces, temples and bridges to form a harmonious ensemble of outstanding aesthetic value. 4.The Temple of HeavenThe Temple of Heaven, literally the Altar of Heaven is a complex of religious buildings situated in the southeastern part of central Beijing. The complex was visited by the Emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties for annual ceremonies of prayer to Heaven for good harvest. It has been regarded as a Taoist temple, although Chinese Heaven worship, especially by the reigning monarch of the day, pre-dates Taoism.5. Tiananmen SquareTiananmen Square is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen Gate located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the third largest city square in the world. It has great cultural significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.6. Old Summer PalaceThe Old Summer Palace, known in Chinese as Yuan Ming Yuan, and originally called the Imperial Gardens, was a complex of palaces and gardens in Beijing. It is located 8 kilometers northwest of the walls of the Imperial City and was built in the 18th and early 19th century as the place where the emperors of the Qing Dynasty resided and handled government affairs. The Old Summer Palace was known for its extensive collection of garden and building architectures and other works of art. In 1860 during the Second Opium War, it was destroyed by French and British troops.7.Ming Dynasty TombsThe Ming Dynasty Tombs are located some 42 kilometers north-northwest of central Beijing, within the suburban Changping District of Beijing municipality. The site, located on the southern slope of Tianshou Mountain (originally Mount Huangtu), was chosen on the feng shui principles by the third Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle (14021424), who moved the capital of China from Nanjing to its the present location in Beijing. After the construction of the Imperial Palace (the Forbidden City) in 1420, the Yongle Emperor selected his burial site and created his own mausoleum.8. Olympic GreenThe Olympic Green is an Olympic Park in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China constructed for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Since then, the streets around the park have been used for an exhibition street race of the FIA GT1 World Championship in 2011, after a race at Goldenport Park Circuit in the vicinity.9.The Yonghe TempleThe Yonghe Temple, also known as the Palace of Peace and Harmony Lama Temple, the Yonghe Lamasery, or popularly the Lama Temple, is a temple and monastery of the Geluk School of Tibetan Buddhism located in the northeastern part of Beijing, China. The building and the artworks of the temple is a combination of Han Chinese and Tibetan styles. Building work on the Yonghe Temple started in 1694 during the Qing Dynasty. It originally served as an official residence for court eunuchs. It was then converted into the court of the Prince Yong (Yin Zhen), a son of the Kangxi Emperor and himself the future Yongzheng Emperor. After Yongzhengs ascension to the throne in 1722, half of the building was converted into a lamasery, a monastery for monks of Tibetan Buddhism. The other half remained an imperial palace.10.Jingshan ParkJingshan is an artificial hill covering an area of more than 230,000 m, and is immediately north of the Forbidden City on the central axis of Beijing. Originally an imperial garden, it is now a public park, known as Jingshan Park.Jingshans history dates to the Liao and Jin Dynasties, almost a thousand years ago. The 45.7-metre high artificial hill was constructed in the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty entirely from the soil excavated in forming the moats of the Imperial Palace and nearby canals. The last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen, committed suicide by hanging himself here in 1644.Shanghai 1. The Oriental Pearl TowerThe Oriental Pearl Radio & TV Tower is a TV tower in Shanghai, China. Its location at the tip of Lujiazui in the Pudong district by the side of Huangpu River, opposite the Bund, makes it a distinct landmark in the area. Construction began in 1991, and the tower was completed in 1994. At 468 m (1,535 feet) high, it was the tallest structure in China from 19942007.The tower is brightly lit in different LED sequences at night. On 7 July 2007, Oriental Pearl Tower was host to the Chinese Live Earth concert.2. Yu GardenYu Garden or Yuyuan Garden is an extensive Chinese garden located beside the City God Temple in the northeast of the Old City of Shanghai, China. A centerpiece is the Exquisite Jade Rock , a porous 3.3-m, 5-ton boulder. Rumours about its origin include the story that it was meant for the imperial palace in Beijing, but was salvaged after the boat sank off Shanghai.3. LujiazuiLujiazui, formerly known as Lokatse from its pronunciation in Shanghainese, is a locality in Shanghai, a peninsula formed by a bend in the Huangpu River. Since the early 1990s, Lujiazui has been developed specifically as a new financial district of Shanghai. The decision to earmark Lujiazui for this purpose reflects its location: it is located on the east side of the Huangpu River in Pudong, and sits directly across the river from the old financial and business district of the Bund.4. The BundThe Bund is a waterfront area in central Shanghai. The area centres on a section of Zhongshan Road (East-1 Zhongshan Road) within the former Shanghai International Settlement, which runs along the western bank of the Huangpu River, facing Pudong, in the eastern part of Huangpu District. The Bund usually refers to the buildings and wharves on this section of the road, as well as some adjacent areas. It is one of the most famous tourist destinations in Shanghai. Building heights are restricted in this area.5.ZhujiajiaoZhujiajiao is an ancient town located in the Qingpu District of Shanghai. The population of Zhujiajiao is 60,000. Zhujiajiao is a water town on the outskirts of Shanghai, and was established about 1,700 years ago. Archaeological findings dating back 5,000 years have also been found. 36 stone bridges and numerous rivers line Zhujiajiao, and many ancient buildings still line the riverbanks today.6.The China pavilionThe China pavilion at Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China, colloquially known as the Oriental Crown, was the largest national pavilion at the Shanghai Expo and the largest display in the history of the World Expo. It was also the most expensive pavilion at the Shanghai Expo costing an estimated US$220 million. The pavilion showcased Chinas civilization and modern achievements by combining traditional and modern elements in its architecture, landscaping and exhibits. After the end of the Expo 2010, the building was converted to a museum. On October 1, 2012, it was reopened as the China Art Museum, the largest art museum in Asia.7. Jingan TempleJingan Temple is a Buddhist temple on the West Nanjing Road in Shanghai, China. Jingan District, where it is located, is named after the temple. The temple was first built in 247 AD in the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China. Originally located beside the Suzhou Creek, it was relocated to its current site in 1216 during the Song Dynasty. The current temple was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty and renovated several times.8. Jin Mao TowerThe Jin Mao Tower is an 88-story landmark skyscraper in the Lujiazui area of the Pudong district of Shanghai, Peoples Republic of China. It contains offices and the Shanghai Grand Hyatt hotel. Until 2007 it was the tallest building in the PRC, the fifth tallest in the world by roof height and the seventh tallest by pinnacle height. Along with the Oriental Pearl Tower, it is part of the Pudong skyline. Its height was surpassed on September 14, 2007 by the Shanghai World Financial Center which is next to the building. The Shanghai Tower, a 128-story building located next to these two buildings and now under construction, will be even taller.9. Shanghai Ocean AquariumThe Shanghai Ocean Aquarium is a public aquarium located in Shanghai, China. Designed by Advanced Aquarium Technologies, the aquarium includes a 120-meter (390 ft) tunnel that takes visitors through a coastal reef, open ocean, a kelp cave, shark cove, and a coral reef, and is one of the longest such tunnels in the world. It is home to an Oranda goldfish named Bruce after Bruce Lee which measures 17.129 inches (435.1 mm) in length.10. Shanghai Science and Technology Museum Shanghai Science and Technology Museum is a large museum in Pudong, Shanghai, close to Century Park, the largest park within the inner districts of the city. The museum covers an area of 68,000 square metres, a floor space of 98,000 square metres and an exhibition space of 65,500 square metres with planned visiting flow of 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 visitors per year and investment of RMB 1.755 billion Yuan. As of July 2010 the museum will have attracted over 23,000,000 visitors making it one of Chinas most visited modern museums.Guangzhou1. Baiyun MountainBaiyun Shan, Baiyun Mountain, or Mount Baiyun is a mountain near Guangzhou, officially part of the Baiyunshan Resort along with Luhu Park, Yuntai Garden, Mingchungu Scenic Area, Monxinling Scenic Area, Mingzhulou Scenic Area, Yunxi Ecological Park, and Baiyun Sculpture Park. Baiyun Mountain is a park with natural hills and lakes, and an ideal sightseeing place and summer resort, with a development history of over 1,000 years.2. Chen Clan AcademyThe Chen Clan Academy is an academic temple in Guangzhou, built by the 72 Chen clans for their juniors accommodation and preparation for the imperial examinations in 1894 in Qing Dynasty. Later it was changed to be the Chen Clans Industry College, and then middle schools afterward. Now it houses the Guangdong Folk Art Museum.Located at Zhongshan 7th Road, the Chen Clan Academy is a symmetric complex consist of 19 buildings with nine halls and six courtyards. The Chen Clan Academy complex exemplifies traditional Chinese architecture and decoration style, and has influenced cultural and architectural developments worldwide. It was added in the list of Cultural Relics of National Importance under the Protection of the State in 1988.3. Pearl RiverThe Pearl River or Zhu Jiang or less commonly, the Guangdong River or Canton River etc., is an extensive river system in southern China. Measured from the farthest reaches of the Xi Jiang, the Pearl River system is Chinas third longest river, and second largest by volume. The 409,480 km Pearl River Basin drains the majority of South Central (Guangdong and Guangxi provinces), as well as parts of Southwest (Yunnan,Guizhou, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces) in China, and Northeast of Vietnam (Cao Bng and Lng Sn).Zhujiang Brewery, one of the three largest domestic breweries in China, is located on the Pearl River Delta within the city of Guangzhou.4.The Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue KingThe Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King is a museum in Jiefangbei Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, southern China. With an area of 1,4000 sq. m, the tomb is the witness of Guangzhous history of over 2,000 years. It is well known for its well-preserved tomb and funerary antiquity from the Han Dynasty, as well as elegant and grand architecture from the Lingnan (south of the Nanling Mountain) area. The owner of the tomb is the second king of Nanyue, Zhao Mo (r. 137 BC 122 BC).5.The Temple of the Six Banyan Trees The Temple of the Six Banyan Trees is an ancient Buddhist temple originally built in 537 in the Liang Dynasty in Guangzhou, southern China. The temples proximity to foreign consulates in Guangzhou has made it a regular destination for families participating in the international adoption of children from China. Typically families receive blessings for their newly adopted children at this temple in front of the statue of Kuan Yin.6. Guangxiao TempleGuangxiao Temple on Guangxiao Road is one of the oldest Buddhist temples in Guangzhou. It was the mansion of Prince Zhao Jiande of the Nanyue Kingdom during the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-A.D.24). The temple was initially built by an Indian monk during the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317- 420) but the present temple, occupying an area of 31,000 square meters, dates from the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911). The temple has an important place in Buddhist history as Huineng of the Zen Buddhist sect was a novice monk here in the 7th century.7.Shangxiajiu Pedestrian StreetShangxiajiu Pedestrian Street, is a commercial pedestrian street in Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is the first business street in Guangzhou opened in September 1995. Shangxiajiu is composed of the unique and historical architecture based on Tong Lau and teahouses, featuring the characteristics of European and Chinese styles. 8.Tianhe Stadium Tianhe Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Guangzhou, China. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium has a seating capacity of 58,500. It was built in 1987 and hosted the final of the inaugural FIFA Womens World Cup in 1991. The stadium has hosted large crowds and attendances of local football team Guangzhou Evergrande are played at the stadium. On February 7, 1989 Lunar New Year, Hong Kong Television Broadcasts Limited and Guangdong Television Broadcasts Limited were situated in the Guangzhou Tianhe Sports Centre and at the White Swan Hotel for the Chinese New Year Celebration in Guangzhou. The stadium hosted the football finals of the 2010 Asian Games and matches of the 2012 AFC Champions League.9.Mount XiqiaoMount Xiqiao is a 40-50 million year old dormant volcano situated in the south west of the Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong, Peoples Republic of China some 68 km (42 mi) from Guangzhou. The mountain is an important scenic area and designated as a national forest park and national geological park. Covering an area of 14 square kilometres (5.4 sq mi), the area features a total of 72 peaks with the highest, Dacheng Peak, rising to346 m (1,135 ft).10. Canton TowerCanton Tower, formerly known as Guangzhou TV Astronomical and Sightseeing Tower and also known as Guangzhou Tower, is a 600 m-high (2,000 ft) multi-purpose Chinese observation tower in the Haizhu District of Guangzhou(historically known as Canton or Kwangchow, Guangdong, China. The tower was topped out in 2009 and it became operational on 29 September 2010 for the 2010 Asian Games. The tower briefly held the title of tallest tower in the world, replacing the CN Tower, before being surpassed by the Tokyo Skytree in 2011. It is the tallest structure in China and the fourth-tallest freestanding structurein the world. Its incipient height is 600 m in 2010.Chongqing 1. Three Natural BridgesThe Three Natural Bridge sare a series of natural limestone bridges located in Xiannshan Town , Wulong County, Chongqing Municipality, Peoples Republic of China. They lie within the Wulong Karst National Geology Park, itself a part of the South China Karst-Wulong Karst UNESCO World Heritage Site. In Chinese, the bridges are all named afterdragons, namely the Tianglong, Qinglong and Heilong bridges.2. Furong CaveFurong Cave is a karst cave located on the banks of the Furong River, 20 km (12 mi) from Wulong County town, Chongqing, Peoples Republic of China. First discovered by local farmers in 1993 the cave was opened to tourists in 1994. It became a national 4A tourist site in 2002 then in June 2006 part of the South China Karst UNESCO World Heritage Site ; the only cave in China on the UNESCO list.3. Dazu Rock CarvingsThe D