研究生英语下学期复习.doc

Unit 7一 课后生词1 pundit : very learned person;expert 博学者2 morph : change ;使（动植物）变体，变种 eg. morph sth into sth 3 wad : fold;compress 折，团起来eg.wad sth into lump4 hypnotic : cause sb to feel sleepy 催眠的hypnosis : 催眠术5 be apt to (do) 易于的 eg. She is apt to get angry; Iron is apt to rust(生锈).6 buddy : close friend 密友7 one-liner : a short joke or funny remark 俏皮话8 zinger : a witty,often caustic remark 有力的反驳，反击n.9 caustic put-down 刻薄的贬低10 zap : delete,clear,change 清除；改变v.11 void : vacancy空缺；空旷n.12 form knit : become united 团结在一起13 intimidate : threaten;frighten 恫吓；威胁 imidate sb into doing sth14 gadget : 小玩意15 hideous : terrible 骇人听闻的16 carnage : 大屠杀n.17 maim : to injure sb seriously;to disable sb 使残废vt.二 课文中单词及短语1 in obsession with 沉迷，迷恋2 virtual friends on line = net friends 网友3 Play is childrens work. work = nation 天性4 outlook = opinion;view 世界观5 coordination 协调能力6 solitary activities = do it alone 个体的，单独的7 empathy = identification; understanding 认同；理解8 amusing = interesting 9 crudely = completely 完全地10 desensitized = insensitive 麻木不仁（不敏感的）11 make-believe = imaginary 想象中的12 modeling clay = plastic clay 橡皮泥13 I can give my ideas tangible form. tangible = clear 明确的14 genuine = actual 真正的15 momentary = for a moment only 瞬间的，暂时的16 a blank look. blank = confused 困惑的17 tempers flare = become very angry 18 hothead = quick temper 急性子19 stalk off = walk off = march off 大踏步走20 chores = household 家庭杂物21 flip a coin. flip = throw 22 compromise = give-and-take 妥协23 keep up = continue 24 peculiar = odd 奇特的25 vulnerability = weakness 弱点，攻击26 insulting = offensive 侮辱的27 intimate = close 亲密的28 alliance = union 结盟29 flame = attack =criticize 30 ally = friend 盟友31 block = hinder 阻挡32 literally = actually 确实地，不加夸张地33 acquaintance = familiarity 熟人34 void = blank 空白；空位35 work at = care about 在乎36 come and go instantly = Eazy come,eazy go.来得快，去得也快。37 at my convenience 随我的心愿38 loosely = freely 自由的39 when company arrives at the house. company = people,vistor 40 halt = pause;stop 暂停41 courtesy = politeness 礼貌42 furious = very angry 愤怒的43 persist in = insist on 坚持44 try to engage his attention. engage = attract 45 suck = absorb 吸收；吸引46 crush = press 镇压47 devour = ruin 毁灭48 awful = terrible 可怕的三 翻译1 As amusing and ingenious as electronic entertainment can be, childrenand the society they live inare the losers when they rely on these forms of fun. Unlike traditional games and toys, “wired” entertainment encourages kids to be unimaginative, socially immature, and crudely desensitized to the world around them.电子游戏非常好玩而且设计得非常精巧，当孩子们依赖于这些娱乐形式时，他们以及他们赖以生存的社会都成了失败者。与传统的游戏和玩具不同的是，电子娱乐促使孩子们不去发挥想象力，社交不成熟，对周围世界麻木不仁。2 The player is as much a tool of the game as the joystick. Her momentary fun is unsatisfying because it leads not to any genuine sense of achievement but only to the hypnotic experience of watching someone elses creation unfold.玩家就像操纵杆一样，充其量就是个工具。他那瞬间的乐趣并不能令他满足，因为那样不能给他真正的成就感，只是糊里糊涂地看着别人的创造在一点点展现而已。Unit 8一 课后生词1 intercept = stop;seize 阻挡，拦截2 macrocosmic 宏观世界的；宇宙的3 insults = damage 破环4 urban sprawl 城市无限制的扩展5 die-off = die one by one 顺次死亡6 machete = knife 7 per-capita = of/for/by each person 人均adj.8 copious = opulent = plentiful 丰富的9 undoing = the cause of ruin,failure 灭亡、失败等的原因n.10 frenzy = disturbance 狂乱 eg: in the frenzy 在狂乱中 drive sb to frenzy 使某人发狂 be frenzied with joy 狂喜 work oneself up into a frenzy 自己使自己忙得一团糟11 hubris = arrogance = pride 狂傲二 课文中单词及短语1 conceal = hide 掩盖2 exemplify = give an example 3 manifestation = expression 表现4 merchandise = goods 5 live out = die naturally6 biocide = pestcide 杀虫剂7 lay people. lay = nonprofessional 非专业人士8 lord = master 主人9 turn back the clock = fight against natural selection 逆自然法则而行10 underlying = basic/fundamental 基本的，根本的11 accompany = along with 伴随，陪同12 stunning = surprising 令人吃惊的13 sheer = only 14 account for = be responsible for 对负有责任15 contribute to = lead to 16 impact = influence 影响17 be akin to = be similar to 与相似18 a wide divergence of oppinion. divergence = difference 关于意见分歧很大19 adequately = enough 充分地20 decline = decrease 21 abuse = bad use 滥用22 decent = adequate 适当的，足够的23 necessitate = make be necessary 使成为必要24 oppress = crush 压迫25 conquest = victory 征服n.26 plunder = rob 掠夺27 a privileged layer of humanity. layer = part/section28 generate = cause,lead to 29 physiology = ecologic structure 生态结构30 contamination = pollution 污染31 toxic = poison 有毒的32 turn out to be = give result of = end up with 结果证明33 betray = trick 背叛，欺骗34 barest = the most basic 35 pragmatic = practical 务实的36 exact = carry out with force 强制实施37 transformation = change 变革38 solidarity = unity 团结一致39 dimension = aspect 层面40 accumulation = collection 物质积聚41 inextricably = closely/tightly 42 what will become of sth = what will happen to sth三 翻译Human beings are now altering the basic physiology of the planet. Industrial smog can be found everywhere over the oceans, and weather patterns are so distorted that climatologists now discuss “climate death”. Industrial contamination is pervasive, even in the fat cells of Antarctic penguins. The rain is not only acid but toxic. Whether industrialism warms or cools the atmosphere its chemical experiment threatens to change life in ways barely imaginable, but undoubtedly for the worse.人类正改变着我们这颗行星的基本生态系统。工业烟雾四处弥漫，远及大洋；气候模式如此不正常至于气候学家现在也探讨“气候的极度恶化”问题。工业污染无孔不入，甚至残留于南极洲企鹅的脂肪细胞中。雨不仅呈酸性，而且有毒。不论工业主义使大气变暖还是变凉，其化学实验将如何导致生物变异还难以想象，但情形将每况愈下是无疑的。Unit 9一 课后生词1 binding = must be obeyed 应遵守的 eg. sth is binding on sb 某事对某人有约束力2 tout = promote 兜售3 adamant = determined 下定决心的4 plainly put = briefly speaking 简而言之5 hybrid = mixture 混合物5 curtail = limit 限制6 lease = rent 租出二 课文中单词及短语1 eco-efficiency 生态效能； eco-effectiveness 生态效益2 sustainable 可持续的3 novel = new and attractive 新颖的4 catchy = easy to remember 容易记的5 aspire to = desire to 渴望做某事6 depletion = waste 损耗7 microscopic = very small/tiny 极微小的8 combustion = burning 9 downcycling 下降型循环10 over time = for a period of time 11 retrieve = get back 取回12 regenerative = reborn 再生的13 perspective = opinion 观点14 cradle-to-grave = lifelong 一生的15 technical metabolism = zero-waste technology 无废技术16 hold true for = suit 适用17 literally = actually/ totally/completely 完全18 consist of = be composed of 由组成19 embed = fix firmly 使嵌入 eg. be embedded in the memory 深留记忆中的20 retain = keep 保留，保持三 翻译本单元无要翻译的内容Unit 10一 课后生词1 respondent 问卷调查答复者2 compulsory = required 必须做的，有义务的 eg. compulsory course 必修课； compulsory education 义务教育3 privilege = have advantage over most others with sth 对享有特权vt./n.4 proponent = supporter/advocator 支持者；提倡者5 appeal to = be attractive or interesting to sb 对某人有吸引力；使某人感兴趣vi.6 contradict = be contrary to/ conflict with 与相反；与相矛盾7 integrate = combine 合并vt. eg. integrate all the children into society 把孩子与社