必修四UNIT1义.doc

Book4 unit1 讲义 BOOK 4 Unit 1 Women of achievement 词性变化 1. _vt.连接；联系；接通电话 vi.连接，衔接_ n.联系，关系；连接2._ vt.&vi.讨论；辩论 _n.c争论；争辩；3. _n. 人群，群众；v. 聚集；挤满；挤，推_adj.充(拥)满了的，拥挤的4. _vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示_ n. 鼓舞；灵感_ adj.受灵感启示的_ adj.鼓舞人心的5. _adj.体贴的，体谅的_ n.考虑，要考虑的事；体贴_ adj.相当大(或多)的6. _ vt.递送(邮件)，接生；发表(演说)_ n.c,u投递；演讲_ 递送者7. _ n. 专家_ vi. .专门从事；专攻; 专门经营_ n. 专门从事；专门经营; 专业化8. _ n. 突发事件；紧急情况_ a. 紧急的；新兴的9. _ a. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的_ n. 谦逊；质朴；稳重10. _ n. 一代；一辈_ v. 产生（后代）； 引起11. _ n. 行为；举止_ v. 举动；表现12. _ n. 项目；工程；规划 _ vt. 表现；（使）展现【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). It was _ (consideration) of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.2). The good news _ (inspire) us with hope.3). The children had an _ (argue) about what game to play. 4). Please pay on _ (deliver). 5). Taking everything into _ (consider), the event was a great success.6). The narrow roads were _ (crowd) with holiday traffic.7). What is the _ (connect) between the two ideas?词语辨析 campaign / war / battle 【解释】war “战争”的总称，一般包括多个战役的大规模战争。battle “战役”，指有组织的武装部队之间的战斗，有持续几小时的，也有持续几天的。campaign“有既定目标的一连串的运动 战役”，可军事行动，规模比battle大；还用来表“政治或商业性的活动、竞选活动”campaign for/against 从事运动【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). They won the _ but lost the _. 2). The city hall is planning to start a _ against smoking. 重点词汇 1. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. behave vt.&vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现 behavior n. 行为；举止；习惯 behave oneself 使某人自己举止规矩 behavior towards/to. 对的态度/行为 behave well/ badly to /towards sb 对待某人好/ 不好a well behaved little girl 规规矩矩的小女孩 badly-behaved adj 表现差的典例1). Behave yourself; don t make a fool of yourself. _2). How is your new car behaving? _ 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). It s hard to train children to _ _ (举止得体) at the table.2). She is always _ _ (举止得体) at school.3). Their _ (behave) _ (介词) me shows that they do not like me.4）David is quite well in school. He obeys the teachers and gets As in all his subjects. （200911山东潍坊检测）A. Behaved B. concerned C. Involved D. respected 5) 父母让孩子们在客人面前举止礼貌。The parents asked the children to in front of the guests.6)她对这个孩子的良好行为感到高兴。She is pleased with the childs .2. Women of achievement 卓有成就的女性achievement n.c成就，功绩 achieve vt. 取得，完成achieve an aim / goal达到目标 achieve success 获得成功 achieve ones goal 实现某人的目标 a sense of achievement 成就感 典例1). He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements. _。2). Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement. _ 练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。没有人民的支持，我们将一事无成。Without the support of the people we can .我只完成了我所希望完成的工作的一半。I have achieved only half of I hope to do. 祝贺你获得这样完美的胜利。Congratulations to you (介词) such a complete victory. 3. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守;庆祝 observation n.u 观察；观测；监视observer n. 观察者observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事(已做完) observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事 under observation 被监视 典例1). The police observed the man entering/enter the bank. _2). The woman was observed to follow him closely. _3) People of many American countries observe the Christmas Day. _练习 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。1). They were observed _ (enter) the bank then. 2). Keynes _ _ (观察到) humans fall into two classes. 3)我们必须遵守交通规则。_4. making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重视 respectable adj. 值得尊敬的;正派的;高尚的 respectful adj. 有礼貌的；恭敬的 respective adj. 各自的；分别的 respectively adv. 各自地；分别地respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人 have / show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬某人/事pay/give ones respect to sb. 向某人致敬/问候 out of respect 出于尊敬respecting = with respect to关于；就而言in all respects = in every respect 无论从哪方面来看；在各方面gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬典例1). I have the greatest respect for you. _ 2)We all should respect our parents and teachers. _ 3) In respect to the content, the article is very good, but it is not satisfactory in other aspects.练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). The new officer soon _ (赢得) the respect of his men.2). I _ you _ (因某事而尊敬) your honesty.3). I have great respect _ (介词) his ideas, although I don t agree with them. 4)请代我向你的父母致意。Please your parents.5)我们的班主任是位可敬的人，我们都很尊敬她。Our head teacher is a _ person, we all her. 5. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements . argue vt.&vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n.c争论；争辩；争吵 argue for/against 支持/反对argue with sb. ( about/over sth.) 与某人(为某事)而争吵argue that. 主张argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 通过争论使某人做/不做某事have an argument about/over sth. 辩论某事 典例1). They are arguing with the officials over foreign policies. _2)They argued the park into lowering the price. _ 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。1). We _ _ _ _ (说服她加入) us.2). We argued _ the waiter _ the price _ the meal. 3)我们总是就金钱的问题而争论。We are always arguing each other money.4)他们说服我买了辆新的自行车。They argued me buying a new bike. 5)他反对吸烟，而且坚持认为吸烟有害健康是无可争辩的事实。He argued smoking, and insisted that it was _argument that smoking was harmful to health. argue / debate【解释】argue指某人坚持自己的主张，举出事实和理由说服某人或反对其他方面的意见。debate指辩论者长在自己的立场公开争论一个问题。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). We _ with her _ how to go there. 2). They _ the case for hours.3). They _ the question openly.4). Last week, our class had a _ over whether middle school students should carry cell phones at school. 6. Jane was permitted to begin her work after her mother came to support her. support vt.&n. 支持；拥护；支撑；赡养；给予帮助 同情等的人support sb./ a family 支持某人/ 赡养家庭 support sb. in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事方面支持某人 support sb. by (doing) sth. 通过做某事支持某人 in support of sb/sth 支持或支援某人/事物support oneself 自力更生give support to sb. 支持、支援某人典例1). Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries? _2). He was weak with hunger, so I had to support him. _练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). Will you support me _ (介词) my campaign for election?2). Jim was a great support _ (介词) them when their father died.3). 我求学期间由父母供养。_7. I look carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. intend vt. 计划；打算 intention n. 意图，意向，目的典例1). I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying. _2). I intend you to take over. _3) Tom and Jerry is intended for children. _重点用法 intend to do/doing sth. = mean to do sth. 打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 be intended for (某物)是为而准备的 专供使用；专为而设计intend sth. as/to be 打算让某物作用 intend that. 打算练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). This book is _ _ _ (是为初学者写的).2 ). Was that remark intended _ (介词) a joke? 3). I didn t intend her _ (see) the painting until it was finished. 4).The book, for her sister, was lost in the mail. （201001江苏南京检测） A. intended as pleasant surprise B. intending as pleasant surprise C. intended as a pleasant surprise D. intending for pleasant surprise 5）Miss Wang had to catch the first bus, but she didt get up early enough. A. Turned B. come C. intended D. promised8. how Lin Qiaozhi , tired after a days work , went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her. deliver vt.接生(小孩)，递送，发表(演说) delivery n. 投递 送货；交付 deliverer 递送者，交货人deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩deliver sth. to . 把某物送到express delivery快递 on delivery 送达时，货到时典例1). The baby was delivered in a clinic._2). Comrade Yang delivered the opening speech. _练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). Some new books have _ (deliver) _ (介词) the schoo1.2). The actor _ his speech _ (介词) a soft voice. 9. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. 但是，到傍晚时分我们就觉得这一切都是值得的。 worth / worthy / worthwhileworth 只能作表语，其后接钱数、名词或及物动词的动名词的主动一般形式: be worth doingworthy可作表语，后接of+名词/of+动名词的被动形式/不定式的被动形式: be worthy of + n./ of being done / to be done 也作定语，“值得的”，“有价值的”：a worthy winner名副其实的赢家worthwhile可作表语和定语: a worthwhile job 值得做的工作 it is worthwhile to do/doing1.填空：1). The necklace was _ 100 francs at most. 2). It s _ to discuss the question again.3). You would find it _ your while to come to the meeting.4). Can t you find something _ doing at all? The book is _ _ _ (很值得读) a second time.5). This place of interest is worthy _ _ _ / _ _ _ /_ _ _ (参观).2.It was the trouble to settle the problem. A. worth to take B. worthwhile taking C. worth being taken D. worth taking 3选词填空 (worthwhile/worth/worthy) This vase was five hundred francs at the most.Everybody has roots. It is to search for his roots.Their efforts are of your support. This book is well reading and it is of being read a second time.10. look down upon/on蔑视；瞧不起典例1). She looks down on people whove never been to university. _2). You can t look down upon a person because he is poor. _重点用法 look短语：look on sb./ sth. as = consider sb./ sth. as把某人看作look on 袖手旁观 look into sth. 调查或观察某事物look up 查阅(单词、资料)；向上看 look (sb.) up and down 上下打量(某人) look out for sb/sth警惕或留心某人/物练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). He was _ _ _ (被人看不起) because of his humble background. 2). He is _ _ _ (被认为是) the leading authority on the subject. 3). If you want to know how a word is used, _it _ in a dictionary.4)选词填空(look up/look down on/look forward to/look into) Im going to your party.The police have received the complaint, and they are _ it.We should not manual labor.Please these words in your dictionary. 11. refer to 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指而言 referring referred 8refer to sb./sth. 提到某人或某物 refer to sb./sth. as 把某人/物称作 refer sth. to 把某事提交refer sb. to 让某人向求助易混辨析refer to/consult/look uprefer to和consult都可作“查阅（词典、参考书等）”讲，表此意时两词可以互换。look up 意为“（在词典、时刻表等中）查找”。 典例 1). We agreed never to refer to the matter again._2). She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking. _一）练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). Although she didn t mention any names, everyone knew who she was _ _(指). 2). He gave the speech _ _ _ (没有参阅) his notes. 3). He likes to _ _ _ _ (被称为) “Doctor Khee”. 4)My doctor me (向求助) a hospital specialist.二）单项填空1）The professor at the meeting will give us a lecture next week. A. Referred B. referred to C. Referring D. referring to2）If you are not sure of the meaning of this word, you can the dictionary. （2010浙江萧山质量检测）A. refer to B. look up C. See D. make use of3）During his stay in our college, he often began his talk by this past experience as a soldier. A. turning to B. referring to C. sticking to D. speaking to 4）Using a long stick, the teacher a place on the map and asked the children to name it. A. got down to B. pointed to C. referred to D. came to 12. come across = run across = meet by chance (偶然) 遇见；碰见典例 1). I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. _2). She came across some old photographs in a drawer. _短语归纳 come短语：come about = happen 发生 come from 来自come out 出现；开花；出版或发表；透露；显出 come up 升起；发生；出现come up with sth 找到或提出（答案办法等）练习 用come短语的适当形式填空。1). I _ _ some new words while reading. 2). His new book will _ _ next month.3). She _ _ _ a new idea for increasing sales.4). Can you tell me how the accident _ _?5). How did it _ _ that he knew where we were?6）Mr Brown, could you tell me how the differences between American English and British English ? （201001山东济南检测）A. came about B. came to C. came up D. came across 13. carry on 继续；坚持典例 1). Carry on (working/with your work) while Im away. _2). They decided to carry on in spite of the weather. _3)Lets carry on our homework. _ 4）We will carry out the plan as soon as it is made. _5）We planted many trees to stop the water from carrying away the soil. _短语归纳 carry短语：carry on (doing sth/with sth.) 继续(做)某事 carry out 贯彻，执行 实施carry out a plan/orders/instructions执行计划/命令/指示 carry sth through 成功地完成某事物carry away运走, 使失去自制力练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或carry短语。1). They decided to _ _ in spite of the weather. 2). Extensive tests have _ _ _ on the patient. 3). It is a difficult job but she s the person to carry it _. 4). Don t blame me. I m only _ _ my orders.5)Do you mind if I with my work while you are getting tea ready. A carry out B. come on C. carry on D. go over14. Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember