短文改错口诀.doc

短文改错攻略与集训短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数，注意是形还是副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注。一 动词形主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. isNow my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。二 名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. subjects三 区分形和副及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。 这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. wonderfulUnfortunate, there are too many people in my family. Unfortunately需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。四 非为动词细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. interestedPlay football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also playingMy parents love me and will do all they can make sure to上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。五 习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and ofWe must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. of六 句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：They eager to know everything about China and wereI live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. which第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。七 逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. theirFirst, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉more no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. everyone 上述第一例中的主语是Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点 常见动词错误类型有 一般现在时与一般过去时错用； and 前后动词时态不一致; 主谓不一致; 缺少动词,特别是be动词; 第三人称单数形式错用; 主动语态和被动语态错用。1） They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改为do 错误类型属于 ）2） As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为 visited错误类型属于)3） There will an important game next month.(will后加be错误类型属于)4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( 主谓不一致)2. 名词的常见错误 单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。 Ill get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改为subjects） Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改为words） Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges改为knowledge）3. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等（一般考查从句关系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ） I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式改为whose) I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为 and) Clever as she is, but she works very hard. When I was a child, rain was a mystery. In one class, I learned it rained.4. 冠词错误 误用a和an（根据单词的因素来判定）；误用a 和the（固定搭配，各自单独使用的地方） 多余的冠词或则少冠词。 We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the the same 是固定搭配) As everyone knows, itsfamous mountain with all kinds of pants.（mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以加 a ） My teacher advised me to keep my dairy. I hope you have pleasant journey.5. 形容词和副词错误1) 系动词后用形容词（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel）2) 词性的误用 形容词修饰名词 修饰 实义动词，形容词和副词，过去分词用副词 Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.（time是名词 所以要用形容词wonderful修饰） My pronunciation was terribly.6. 代词错误 1）代词的主格和宾格（I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us ;They/ them ）2）反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）3）代词的单数和复数4）多余的代词和少代词 Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself, me 改为 myself ) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (加it) If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. Whats more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.7. 非谓语动词的常见错误1）不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。2）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时），3）介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。4）某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was. (enjoy 后需接动名词 talk-talking) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(作主语 改为 going ) Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.8. 介词错误1）词组中的介词误用，2）介词意思理解偏差，3）介词的多用或少用 There are too many people among my family.（among 改为in in my family 为固定搭配） I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉 at ）短文改错解题思路和检查原则1）句中