托福1998年05月语法笔记.doc

1998年05月语法题1. _ a major role in future planetary exploration.(A) Robots will surely play(B) Robots, which will surely play(C) Because robots will surely be playing(D) Surely robots, which will be playing答案:A分析：句子缺主谓（B）如为定语从句，则缺谓语（C）Because引导的原因状语从句,无主句（D）同A，且频度副词Surely形容整个句子，应以逗号隔开参考译文：机器人极有可能将在未来的太空探索中扮演主要角色。2. Unlike the owl, bats cannot see very well, but they do have_.(A) it hears very well(B) very good to hear(C) hearing very well(D) very good hearing答案:D分析：but后无宾语，D为名词短语（A）谓语动词重复（B）缺宾语（C) well做好讲为adv.不修饰名词参考译文：蝙蝠不像猫头鹰一样有良好的视力，但却有极佳的听力.3. Comparatively few clues in the United Slates have competing newspapers today, a major change from 1900 _ more than two newspapers.(A) because then most large cities having(B) when did most large cities have(C) then most large cities that had(D) when most large cities had答案：D分析：逗号前已经是完整的句子，接从句，加之横线前为时间，所以是时间状语从句（A）从句 缺谓语（B）从句不能将助动词提前，而应当使用陈述句语序（C）缺乏时间状语从句引导词参考译文：通过比较美国现今竞争激烈的报业的一些细微线索，（可见）1900年是一个主要的转折，从那一年开始，多数大城市都出现了两份以上的报纸。4. Witch hazel extract, _ distilled from the bark and twigs of the witch hazel shrub, has been utilized in medicine.(A) is(B) when to be(C) which is(D) has been答案：C分析：has been utilized是谓语，两个逗号之间应为从句（A）谓语动词重复（B）从句缺主谓，不定式是非谓语动词（D）谓语动词重复参考译文：榛树的提取液被应用于医药领域，它是由矮榛树的皮和细枝提取的。5. _ touching in O. Henrys stories is the gallantry with which ordinary people struggle to maintain their dignity.(A) Most is(B) It mostly is(C) Is it most(D) What is most答案：D分析：缺主语，is是谓语，主语从句做主语（A）谓语动词重复（B）谓语动词重复（C）谓语动词重复，且不该为疑问式参考译文：欧亨利的作品最让人感动的是普通人为维护自身尊严而抗争的勇气。6. The face of the Moon is changed by collisions with meteoroids, _ new craters to appear.(A) cause(B) causing(C) caused(D) have cause答案：B分析：逗号前为完整句，后接分词成分做伴随状语（TOEFL考试中，句子完整，逗号后一般接定从句，分词，同位语和状从四种成分。（A）谓语动词重复（C）过去分词表被动，不合句意（D）谓语动词重复参考译文：由于彗星碰撞，月球表面产生了许多新弹坑。7. Social scientists believe that _ from sounds such as grunts and barks made by early ancestors of human beings.(A) the very slow development of language(B) language developed very slowly(C) language which, was very slow to develop(D) language, very slowly developing答案：B分析：that前的为主谓成分，that引导宾语从句，从句缺主谓（A）从句缺谓语（C）that冗余，且逗号应在which前（D）缺谓语参考译文：社会学家认为，语言是由诸如早期人类的哼叫声这样的声响逐渐发展起来的。8. _ substances include various forms of silica, pumice, and emery.(A) Natural abrasives occur(B) Abrasion occurs in natural(C) Naturally occurring abrasive(D) A natural occurrence of abrasion答案：C分析：空格后是完整句，则空格应填主语修饰成分（adj.冠词，所有格）（A）谓语动词重复（B）谓语动词重复（D）名词短语，不做定语参考译文：天然具有研磨作用的物质包括各种形状的矽土，浮石和金刚砂。9._ in the upper part of their long thin legs allow deer to run swiftly and jump far.(A) Muscles are powerful(B) There are powerful muscles(C) The powerful muscles that(D) Powerful muscles答案：D分析：句子缺主语（介词短语不做主语）（A）谓语动词重复，allow是句子的谓语（B）谓语动词重复，allow是句子的谓语（C）that为从句引导词，后面没有支持他的从句参考译文：细长腿部后帮的有力肌肉，使鹿得以跑动敏捷，跳跃高远。10. Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites _- by early humans.(A) occupied(B) occupying(C) which occupy(D) were occupied答案：A分析：空格前为完整句，选分词修饰宾语（B）现在分词表主动，后面应接宾语，而by引导的介词短语表明是被动（C）应该使用被动语态，which is occupied（D）谓语动词重复参考译文：地理学家与考古学家和人类学家合作，来研究在早期人类居住地（发现的）火炉与陶器的磁性。11. _ technically proficient; it also explores psychological questions.(A) Not only is Barbara Astmans artwork(B) Not only Barbara Astmans artwork(C) Barbara Astmans artwork, which is not only(D) Barbara Astmans artwork not only答案：A分析：考倒装句的结构，not only.(but) also是固定搭配，句首有否定词或否定短语时，部分到装（谓动的一部分，助动词/系动词，放到主语前）（B）缺动词（C） 如选C，则主句无谓语（D）缺动词参考译文：芭芭拉爱丝曼的艺术作品不仅技艺精炼，还探究心理问题。12.Although Canadas Parliament can neither administer or enforce laws_ initiate policy, it does have the power to make laws and vote on the allocation of funds.(A) not(B) nor(C) and(D) either答案：B分析：neither.nor.固定搭配参考译文：尽管加拿大国会不能执行法令和施行政策，但它拥有制定法律和表决基金分配的权利。13.Willa Cather considered her novel of life in nineteenth-century Nebraska, My Antonia,_(A) was her best work(B) her best work(C) her best work it was(D) being her best work答案：B分析：空格前主谓完整，因此空格填宾语补足语（A）谓语动词重复（C）谓语动词重复（D）固定结构consider (sb/sthas)sth 参考译文：维拉卡瑟认为她关于十九世纪内布拉斯加生活的小说我的安东尼亚是自己最好的作品。14.First designated in 1970, Earth Day has become an annual international event _ concerns about environmental issues such as pollution.(A) dedicated to raising(B) dedicated raising(C) dedicates to raise(D) that dedicates to raising答案：A分析：dedicated to doing 固定搭配参考译文：从1970年第一次被设立以来，地球日已经成为一项年度国际盛事，致力于提升（公众）对污染之类环境事业的关注。15.In 1992 Albert Gore, Jr., the son of a former United States senator, became _ Vice President of the United States.(A) who was the forty-fifth(B) and the forty-fifth(C) the forty-fifth(E) he was the forty-fifth答案：C分析：空格前为谓语，后为宾语，选定语修饰宾语(A）who没有先行词（B）and多余，如加and成为平行结构，则后面应再接一个动词（D）选D则become后是个完整句子， 但无从句连接词，错误参考译文：1992年，前美国参议员之子，阿尔伯特戈尔杰，成为了第45任美国副总统。16. Although Christopher Columbus failed in his original goal, the discoveries A Bhe did make were as Important than the route to Asia he expected to find. C D答案：C分析：句子里有than，则考比较结构，应该用比较级。改正：asmore参考译文：克里斯托弗哥伦布虽然没有到达原定目的地，但是他的实际发现要比他期望找到的通往亚洲的路线重要。17. Martha Graham, a leading figure in modern dance, made she debut in 1920 A B C with the Denishawn School. D答案：B分析：she为人称代词的主格形式，而made谓语后应接宾格。改正：sheher参考译文：玛莎格雷厄姆是杰出的现代舞舞者，她于1920年作为丹尼斯肖恩舞蹈学院的成员首次登台演出。18. In the United States, the federal government is responsible to regulating A B the working conditions in factories. C D答案:B分析：responsible to=对有反应。responsible for=负责改正：tofor参考译文：在美国，联邦政府负责规范工厂里的工作条件。19. Jupiter is a gaseous planet with. an atmosphere composed most of hydrogenA B Cand helium.D答案：C分析：副词（mostly）修饰介词短语。改正：mostmostly参考译文：木星是一颗气态行星，周围大气主要由氢和氦组成。20. Throughout her career Georgia OKeeffe paid meticulous attention to her A Bcraft; her brushes were always clean, her colors fresh and brightness. C D答案：D分析：and引导的平行结构，fresh adj.前后词性应一致对应为形容词。改正：brightnessbright参考译文：在乔治亚奥基夫的职业生涯中，她始终细致的对待技艺，她的画笔总是干净的，她的颜料总是鲜艳而明亮。21. Hydrogen the nine most abundant element in the Earths crust, is an A B Codorless, colorless, and tasteless gas. D答案：A分析：基数词和序数词的用法弄错，谓语，主语都是单数，不可能用基数修饰。改正：nineninth参考译文：氢是一种无嗅、无色、无味的气体，在地壳所含的丰富元素中，名列第九。22. Salamanders are frequently to be find in moist, wooded areas. AB C D答案：B分析：谓语为被动语态，原形错误.句中有frequently,表示一般现在式。所以不能用to be 表示将来。改变： to be findfound参考译文：蝾螈通常在潮湿和树木茂盛的地区被发现。23. Steam engines have been replaced in most cases by more economical and A B Cefficiency devices, such as the electric motor. D答案：D分析：and引导的平行结构，前后词性一致，应都为形容词改正： efficiencyefficient 参考译文：蒸汽机已经基本被电动机这样更经济高效的装置取代。24. Traditionally, the Fourth of July is celebrated in the United States with A Bpolitical speeches, picnics, and most important of all, a displayed of fireworks C Dat night.答案：D分析：做介宾的名词平行结构,and实际引导了个插入语，前面都为名词，词性应对应一致改正： displayeddisplay 参考译文：根据传统，美国庆祝7月4日（独立日）的方式有政治演讲，国宴，最重要的，是晚上的烟火表演。25.The style of used in cartoon animation range from relatively realistic A B Crepresentations of everyday life to the most romantic and impossible fantasy. D答案：A分析：of多余，used为过去分词做后置定语改正： style of usedstyle used参考译文：动画的风格从较写实的描画现实生活到最罗曼蒂克和难以置信的幻想，形式十分丰富。26. Ordinary beaver dams vary in length from a few feet to a hundred feet or A B C more than. D答案：D分析：than 后必须接所比较的对象,than在句尾，多余。more是省略表达，与or前面的成分形成平行结构。改正： more thanmore 参考译文：普通堆木坝大多长度不一，从几英尺到几百英尺，甚至更长。27. In the United State, presidential elections are held once every four year. A B C D答案：D分析：考可数名词的单复数。这里的四年应用复数改正：yearyears参考译文：在美国，总统选举每四年举办一次。28.Except of the freehand toe, the feet of the gull are fully webbed. A BC D答案：A分析：这里的意思应是除以外，except for固定搭配改正： except ofexcept for参考译文：除了趾，鸥的足上布满着蹼。29. Teaching machines are devices that can store instructionally information, Apresent displays, receive responses from a learner, and act on those responses. B C D答案：A分析：形容词才能修饰名词做定语，副词只能修饰v. a. ad. 和整个句子改正：instructionallyinstructional参考译文：教学机是一种能储存教导信息，进行现场演示，接受学习者的反馈，并执行这些反馈的设备。30. Challotte Perkins Gilman Is known primarily as an author of short stories, A Bbut she also wrote an influential book argued for equal economic opportunities C Dfor women.答案：C分析：现在分词表主动，做伴随状语，改正：book arguedbook arguing参考译文：夏洛特帕金斯吉尔曼主要作为短篇小说家而闻名于世，但她也写有一本有影响的，主张妇女争取经济地位平等的书。31.In some areas of the United States, unfavorable climate or soil make farming A B Can impossible task. D答案：B分析：主谓一致，make是复数表达，所以，不能用or。改正: orand参考译文：在美国部分地区，恶劣的气候和土壤，使耕作成为无法进行的工作。32. Naturalists have identified at least four hundred of species of mammals and A Bsix hundred types of birds in the state of California. C D答案:B分析：hundreds of 是惯用法，但单数形式hundred前加数词，则不加of。而且根据平行结构，and前后的形式应对应，一下就出来了。改正：hundred of specieshundred species参考译文：博物学家在加利弗里亚已经至少识别出400中哺乳动物，600种鸟33. Instead of tooth, the blue whale has a row of bony plates in its mouth that A B Cfunctions as a food-collecting device. D答案：A分析：主语和谓语的单复数一致。改正：toothteeth 参考译文：对蓝鲸来说，他的牙齿被一排骨质的板形组织所代替，作为收集事物的工具。34. Murres are black-and-white driving birds that mate every five or six years Aand lay only a single egg at time. B CD答案：D分析：at a time 惯用法，表示一次；at time偶尔改正： at timeat a time参考译文：厚嘴海鸥是一种黑白相间会潜水的鸟，每5或6年交配一次，且只产卵一枚。35. A bar code consists a pattern of lines and bars that a computer can translateA B Cinto information. D答案：A分析：介词短语中介词缺失，consist + of(由组成）/wi