成都锦润学校初二下英语9单元复习辅导材料(学生版).doc

-锦绣前程 润泽人生成都锦润学校初二下英语9单元复习辅导材料（学生版）1. 现在完成时由主语have/has过去分词构成。其主要用法如下：I. 在未指明具体时间的情况下，现在完成时动词通常可以表示在说话之前已经完成，而后果或影响至今仍存在的动作。The concert has started. 音乐会已经开始。 I have had breakfast. 我已吃过早饭。注意：have gone to 和 have been to 在意义上有区别。He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。（他已前往香港，或在途中，或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场。）He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到过香港。（说话人认为他过去到过香港，现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解。）II. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态。1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。注意：come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的，不能延续的，故不能与for ，since 等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过，这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。不能说：*He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years.*His grandma has died for nine months.* I have received his letter for a month. 可以说：He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months.I havent received his letter for almost a month. 或者：It is two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book.It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died.2. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身，与现在的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。注意：现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语（如：yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等）连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语（如：already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等）连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语（如：today, this morning, this week, this year等）连用。例如：She has already finished her work. 她已经把工作做完了。I havent read the story yet. 我还没读过这个故事。Have you met him before? 你从前曾见过他吗？Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是个好学生。 比较：I have seen him this morning .我上午看见他了。（说话时在上午）I saw him this morning.今天上午我遇见了他。（说话时可能是下午或者晚上）It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。（说话时仍是冬天）3. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”这一概念，有时两者可以互相代用，但前者多用于口语。在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时；如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成时行时。 比较：I have waited for him for many times. 我等他等了好几次了。I have been waiting for him for an hour. 我等他等了一小时。He has drunk six cups of coffee. 他喝了六杯咖啡。He has been drinking coffee. 他一直在喝咖啡。Words and Expressions:(n. 名词 adj. 形容词 adv. 副词 v. 动词 prep. 介词 )单词/短语词性词义讲解与例句amusementn.娱乐；快乐Big cities have many amusements. 大城市有许多娱乐。amusement park 游乐场amuse v.I amuse myself with (by) reading.我以读书自娱。neitherconj.(两者)都不；也不Which of the books did you like? Neither (of them)! They were both dull. “你喜欢哪本书？”“都不喜欢！Hollandn.荷兰Have you ever been to Holland? 你去过荷兰吗？old-fashionedadj.老式的；过时These clothes are old-fashioned. 这些衣服过时了。Europeanadj.欧洲的；European Economic Community欧洲经济共同体musicaladj.音乐的musical instruments 乐器wonderfuladj.了不起的This village church is a wonderful example of the gothic style of building. 这座乡村教堂是哥特式建筑风格的绝妙典范。especiallyadv.特别地；尤其I love Italy, especially in summer. 我喜欢意大利，尤其是在夏天。changev.改变；变化She used to change her dress every day.过去她常常每天换一次衣服。wayn.方法Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. 压力是日常生活中不可分割的一部分,无法逃避。attendantn.服务员His younger brother works as an attendant at an amusement park. 他弟弟在一家游乐场当服务员。discoverv.发觉；发现Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。guiden.向导At the top of the bank my guide paused and looked back at me. 我的向导在河岸上稍停了一下，并且回头看了看我。unitev.联合；结合We are united in what we believe. 我们的信仰一致了。graduatev.毕业He graduated in history. 他毕业于历史专业。Words from the reading:单词/短语词性词义讲解与例句choicen.选择She had to make a choice between the two dresses. 她得在两件衣服中选择一件。 recordv.记录；登记The songs were recorded by the radio company. 这些歌曲是由广播公司录下的。attractv.吸引Flowers attract many bees.鲜花招引来许多蜜蜂。presidentn.董事长；主席Many American Presidents served in Congress before they became President. 美国的许多总统在当选为总统前都在国会中当过议员。popularityn.声望；受爱慕enjoy win general popularity享盛名, 受欢迎, 得众望producev.制造；生产Gas can be produced from coal.煤气可用煤来制造。crouchv.蹲伏She crouched by the fire to get warm. 她蜷缩在火堆旁取暖。hidev.隐藏；躲藏Where did you hide the money? 你把钱藏哪儿了？A fox cannot hide its tail. 狐狸尾巴是藏不住的。themen.题目；主题Stamp collecting was the theme of his talk. 集邮是他谈话的主题。friendshipn.友谊；友情True friendship is worth more than money.真正的友谊比金钱更有价值。Sentences and Phrases (句型与词组)Grammar FocusHave you ever been to an aquarium?Yes, Ive been to an aquarium.No, I havent.No, Ive never been to an aquarium.Ive never been to a water park.Neither have I.Sentences from the passage The popularity of Asian stars is growing because westerners find talented stars from different cultures new and exciting.亚洲明星越来越受欢迎，因为西方人士发现有不同文化背景的艺人很有新意，也很令人振奋。find v. 找到；发现（强调结果）look for v. 寻找 （强调动作）e.g. I looked for my pen everywhere but I didnt find it. 我到处找钢笔，可是没找到。find sb./sth. +adj. e.g. I find Russian grammar very difficult. 我发现俄语语法很难学。find out 发现；揭露 e.g. Ive found you out at last. 我终于把你揭露了。Please find out when the ship sails for New York. 请打听一下那艘船什么时候开往纽约。 Asian films produced outside Hollywood are also doing well in North America. 一些亚洲拍摄的电影在北美也很叫座。produce 的用法：Gas can be produced from coal. 煤气可用煤来制造。Hard work often produces good results. 努力工作经常会有好结果。Georges jokes produced a great deal of laughter. 乔治的笑话引起了哄堂大笑。The wine bottle was marked Produce of Spain.(此处produce当名词使用。) 酒瓶标明“西班牙产品”。 A common theme in Asian films, for example, is how families and friendships are changed by modern life.例如，亚洲电影的共同主题是：现代生活如何改变家庭和友情。common的用法：Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。The humorous joke is common property. 这个幽默笑话大家都知道。The common man in every country is anxious for world peace.每个国家的老百姓都渴望世界和平。change 的用法：n. 1) 改变；变化You will see many changes in the village since last year. 你会看见自去年以来村里发生的变化。2）零钱 Here is your change. 这是你的找头。I gave him a pound, and he gave me 20 pence change. 我给了他一英镑，他找了我20便士的零钱。v. 1) 改变；交换She used to change her dress every day. 过去她常常每天换一次衣服。Nothing will change him, and he will always be the same.什么也改变不了他,他始终是那个样子。3) 兑换钱币Where can I change my English money for dollars?我在哪儿可以把英镑兑换成美钞?He changed his European dollars for an equivalent amount American dollars. 他把欧元换成等值的美元。4) 常用词组change into 变为；使改变The next morning, the water had changed into ice. 第二天早晨水变成了冰。change over （大幅度）改变；完全改变In 1971 Britain changed over from pounds, shillings, and pence to the new decimal money system. 一九七一年英国把英镑、先令、便士改为新的十进位币制。 重点词组(Key Phrases) 1. space museum太空博物馆 2. amusement park娱乐公园 3. water park水上公园 4. take the subway乘地铁 5. last year去年 6. next year明年 7. have a great time玩得愉快 8. end up结束 9. a theme park主题公园 10. of course当然 11. all the time 12. many famous characters许多著名的人物 13. hear of听说 14. in the same place在同一个地方 15. take different routs行驶不同的路线 16.go skating 去溜冰17. most of 大多数的. 18. in fact 事实上 19. an English-speaking country 一个讲英语的国家 20. a flight attendant 飞机上的一名乘务员 21. a tour guide 一名导游 22. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 23. start doing sth. 开始做某事 start to do sth. 开始做某事24. take a holiday 度假 25. on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面 26. three quarters 四分之三 27. wake up 醒来28. all the year round 一年到头，终年 29. take a ride 兜风 重点难点释义(Language Points) 1. Me neither. 我也没去过。（1）英语中表示后者与前者情形相同，“也不”时，常用neither引起的倒装句Neither+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语。如：They cant cook. Neither can we. =We cant cook, either. 他们不会做饭，我们也不会。（2）如果表示后者与前者情形相同，“也”，常用so引起的倒装句，so+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语。如：They will leave by air. So did he. =You will also leave by air. 他们要乘飞机走，你们也是。2. Most of us have probably heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald puck and many other famous Disney Characters.大概我们大多数人都听说过米老鼠、唐老鸭及其他迪斯尼的著名人物。（1）辨析: hear, hear of, hear fromhear 为动词，有听见和听说之意。作“听见”解，只强调结果。作为：“听说”解，其后一般跟从句。I heard him singing in the next room.我听见他在隔壁房间里唱歌。I heard that he was singing in the next room.我听说他在隔壁房间里唱歌。hear of听说，听到，其后跟名词或从句。 Have you ever heard of Edison? 你听说过爱迪生的故事吗？heard from 意为“收到.的信”，“得到.消息”。注意：hear from 的宾语应该是“人”，而不是“信”。Have you heard from Joan recently? 最近你收到过琼的来信吗？（2）famous adj. 意思是“著名的，出名的，极好的The composition he wrote is famous他写的那篇作文是极好的。Lu Xun is one of the famous writers in China鲁迅是中国著名作家之一。辨析：be famous for ,be famous as与be famous to be famous for因为而出名/著名，for后接表示特点、特长的名词，表示人或物闻名的原因Sanya is famous for Tianya Haijiao.三亚以其天涯海角而驰名。The village is famous for its green tea这个村庄以绿茶而出名。be famous as以身份出名，for后一般接表示职业的名词。The village is famous as a green tea producing place这个村庄是产绿茶的地方。HanHong is famous as a pop singer.韩红以流行歌曲而闻名。be famous to 对某人来说是著名的，to后常接人。The pop singer is famous to the young people.流行歌曲对那些年轻人来说是闻名的。3.Perhaps we have ever seen them in movies. 也许我们在电影中见过他们。 perhaps adv.或者，也许，有可能。该次在句中的位置不同，其意思与语气也不同，请看下列例句：Perhaps he will leave for home也许他要离开这里回家。he will perhaps leave for home他开辟要离开这里回家去。he will leave , perhaps for home他要离开这里，恐怕要回家去。he will leave for home, perhaps.恐怕他要离开这里回家去吧。辨析： perhaps, probably与maybe三者皆为副词，都有也许、大概之意。 perhaps也许，是也许如此也许不如此的意思。probably大概、肯定的成分比较大。maybe或许，比perhaps普通，不够庄重。My mother will be at home but perhaps she wont.我妈可能在家，但也可能不在家里。He has probably gone to England.他大概去英国了。Maybe your book is on my desk.或许你的书在我桌子上。4.In fact, there are now four different Disneyland amusement parks around the world.实际上，全世界现在有四个不同的迪斯尼游乐场。（1）different在该句中意为不同的。其名词是difference。常用于be different from短语中.My ideas is different from yours.我的观点与你的不一样。The weather in Australia is quite different from that in China.澳大利亚的天气与中国的大不相同。(2) around作为介词，有“在周围，到处，大约之意”。I traveled around the world.我周游了世界。Its around/about ten oclock.大约有10点了。around还可作副词用，表示在周围，在附近，到处，各处等。They found nothing around.他们发现附近没什么东西。We travel around together.我们一起到各地旅游。5. This means that you can find Disney characters all over the roller coaster.那意味着你会在旱冰场上到处看见迪斯尼的知名人物。（1）mean表示“意味着”用来表示人的言论或行为，某一标志或词语的意思所指。What does this word mean?=Whats the meaning of this word?这个词是什么意思？（2）意欲，打算He means to go tomorrow.他打算明天去。He meant no harm; he only meant to help.他没有恶意，仅想帮忙。(3)有意义，有价值，常和much, little等连用。His work means o lot of him. 他的工作对他意义很大。6. You wont have any problem finding rice, noodles, dumplings.你回毫不费力地找到米饭、面条、水饺。have problems (in) doing 这一结构表示“做谋事很费劲”。介词in指某一方面，在句中可省略，后面接动词+ing形式。problem是可数名词，在句型中作“困难、麻烦”解，这里problems还可以用difficulty或trouble代替，但这两个词在句型中作不可数名词用。I didnt have any problems finding my uncles house.我毫不费力地找到我叔叔家。注意:这一句型的否定句还可改成do something without any problems/difficulty/trouble句型。 He didnt have any problems finding my house.=He founding house without any difficulty/trouble.他毫不费力地找到了我的家。7. It might seem strange to go to a zoo when its dark.天黑时去动物园好像很奇怪。seem在此为“好像、似乎”之意，其后加形容次。He seems unhappy today.他今天好像不高兴。它的常用句型如下：1）seem +(to be) +n.They seem (to be)doctors.他们好像是医生。2） seem +(to be) +介词It seems like years since I last saw Mr Green.从上次遇到格林先生，好像与过了许多年。3） seem to do something.He seems to be happy. 他好像很高兴4） It seem that +It seems that he is happy.=He seems (to be) happy 他好像很快乐It seems that she is thinking.=It seemed that she was sleeping then.他好像在考虑什么。随堂练习( )1. Linda _ the space museum after school yesterday.A. has been to B. was going to C. went to( )2. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. meet B. will meet C. have met ( )3. Have you _ heard of Disneyland?A. always B. ever C. never ( )4. _ did you start skating? Five years ago.A. When B. How long C. How often( )5. Which park would you like to visit, Peoples Park or West Hill Park?_ . I would like to visit Seaside Park.A. Both.B. EitherC. Neither( )6. Im feeling better, so I want to start _ .A. taking lesson B. to take lesson C. taking lessons ( )7. It is _ very popular gift.A. a kind of B. kinds of C. the kind of( )8. How can I get there?You can _ .A. take a ride boat B. take a ride on the boat C. take a boat on the ride ( )9. Australia is _ country.A. an English-speaking B. a speaking-English C. a speaking Englishs( )10. The island is quite warm all year round, because its _ the equator.A. next B. close to C. far from三、根据句意选择最佳答案，填在题前的括号里。( ) 1. -_ you ever _ to an aquarium? -Yes, we had a good time there.A. Have, gone B. Had, been C. Have, been( ) 2. I _ my grandpa last Sunday.A. have visited B. visited C. was visiting( ) 3. She _ Shanghai for a month.A. has come to B. came to C. has been in( ) 4. Lu Xun _ more than fifty years ago.A. died B. has died C. has been dead( ) 5. Fanny _ TV at this time last Saturday.A. has watched B. was watching C. watched( ) 6. - Have you _ been to our town before?- No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, have come B. ever, come C. ever, have come ( ) 1. What were you _ nine yesterday evening?Adoat Bdoing at Cdidon Ddidat( ) 2. How long have you _ here? About two months.Abeen Bgone Ccome Darrived( ) 3. _ the population of Germany?AHow many BWhat CHow many people DWhats( ) 4. Im sorry. Weve _ the shoes in your size.Apaid for Bput on Csold out Dput away( ) 5. If you dont know this word, _ in the dictionary.Alook for it Blook at it Clook after it Dlook it up( ) 6. His father didnt go to work today, did he ? _.ANo, he didnt BYes, he didnt CNo, he did DYes, he was( ) 7. How many English words _ since you come to our school?Ado you learn Bwill you learn Cdid you learn Dhave you learned( ) 8. A new railway _ between the two cities.Awill be built Bwill build Cturn up Dturn down( ) 9. I rang her up yesterday, but nobody _ it.Aheld on Bpicked up Canswered Dtelephoned( ) 10. She _ to the Great Wall several times.Agoes Bhas gone Cwent Dhas been1. Have you been to the Great Wall_? Yes. I went there two years _. A. before, ago B. ago, before C. before, before 2. Have you been to Water World, Martha? No, I havent been there _. A. already B. never C. yet3.The Smiths _ London for nearly three years. A. will be B. have left C. have been away from4. The space museum _ large numbers of visitors so far. A. attract B. has attracted C. have attracted5. _have you lived in Taiyuan? Since 1995. A. How soon B. How long C. How often6. The Great family _ in China for a week. A. have arrived B. have been C. has arrived7. Tony _ the CD player for two weeks. A. has bought B. has borrowed C. has had8. I _ a letter from him since he left Beijing. A. havent got B. didnt receive C. havent heard9.How long have you been in this school? _. A. Last year B. For a year C.A year ago10. Im not feeling well. Ive caught a cold. _. A. Whats your trouble B. Have you been to the hospital yet? C. Oh, really?( ) 1. I can sing the song in English. _.A. So I can B. So can I C. I can so D. Too can I( ) 2. Why dont you buy one of the scarves for your mum? They are not _.A. beautiful enough B. enough beautiful C. too beautiful D. beautifully enough( ) 3.The food in the restaurant is good _ the price is too _.A. and ; high B. but ; high C. but ; expensive D. because ; low( ) 4. I think a dog is a good pet for _ child.A. a 6-year-old B. an 6-years-old C. a 6-year old D. a 6 years-old( ) 5. I have never been to a water park. _ I.A. So have B. Neither have C. So do D. So am( ) 6. Maybe when I graduate, Ill think about _ an English teacher.A. become B. becoming C. became D. to become( ) 7. There are about six _ students in our school.A. thousand B. thousands C. thousands of D. thousand of( ) 8. Have a wonderful time! _.A. Have a wonderful time, too. B. Thank you C. Certainly D. You are welcome( ) 9. Neither of the two boys _ from the USA. A. come B. dont come C. comes D. doesnt come( ) 10. Have you ever seen him _ A. ago B. two days ago C. before D. just now( ) 11. He made some new _ in science.A. discovers B. discovered C. discovery D. discoveries( ) 12. Neither the students nor the teacher _ the answer to the question.A. know B. knows C. dont know D. doesnt know( ) 13. Mr. Jack _ China for several years