报刊阅读文化复习题.doc

文化复习题1.The symbol for the Republican Party in the United States is a(n) _.A.donkeyB.elephantC.cowD.monkey2.The symbol for the Democratic Party in the United States is a(n) _.A.donkeyB.elephantC.cowD.monkey3.The _ states are those that support the Democratic Party in the U.S.A.blueB.redC.whiteD.green4.The _ states are those that support the Republican Party in the U.S.A.blueB.redC.whiteD.green5.Suburban areas in a western city are often inhabited by _.A.low-income peopleB.middle-class and wealthy peopleC. farmers D.minorities6.A _ pattern is an urban development pattern in which businesses and affluent residents migrate to surrounding suburbs and edge cities, resulting in a hollowed out downtown core consisting of mostly poorer residents.A.doughnutB.recyclingC.flowingD.hierarchical7.The _is the central area of a major city or metropolis. In the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Ireland, the term is often applied to the poorer parts of the city centre and is sometimes used as a euphemism with the connotation of being an area, perhaps a ghetto or slum, where residents are less educated and more impoverished and where there is more crime.A.central business districtB.downtown C.inner cityD.urban area8.Which of the following is true on the issue of gun control?A.The Democratic Party is more committed to gun control than the Republican Party.B.The two parties in the States take the same position on the issue.C. The Republican Party is more actively involved in controlling gun ownership in the American society.D.Neither the Republican nor the Democratic Party cares about the gun control problem.9.Pro-life vs. pro-choice refers to _.A.a debate concerning human rightsB.a debate on womens right to give up unborn babiesC.a conflict between workers and their employerD.a debate on peoples religious belief10.Being _ is about more than caring for the unborn. Its about caring for the living as well.A.pro-choiceB.pro-lifeC.pro-amD.pro-and-con11.The debate over gun ownership continued in the 2008 presidential campaign. It was centered on the _ Amendment to the United States Constitution, protecting a persons right to bear and keep arms.A.FirstB.SecondC.ThirdD.Fourth12.The _ Amendment to the United States Constitution expressly prohibits the United States Congress from making laws that prohibit the free exercise of religion, infringe the freedom of speech, infringe the freedom of the press, limit the right to peaceably assemble, or limit the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances. A.FirstB.SecondC.ThirdD.Fourth13._ is specifically used for the exclusion of Asian-Americans from executive and managerial roles.A.Glass ceilingB. Bamboo ceilingC.Glass elevatorD.Concrete ceiling14.When “the House” is mentioned in a newspaper story, it most probably refers to _A.the White HouseB.the House of RepresentativesC.the House of CommonsD.the House of Lords(Today, the total membership of the House of Representatives is 440 Members. There are 435 Representatives from the 50 states. In addition, four, non-voting Delegates represent the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. A non-voting Resident Commissioner, serving a four-year term, represents the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico波多黎各自由联邦, 拥有美国联邦领土地位（US Commonwealth Territory）。.) 15.The House bill contained no comparable provision to the Senate bill, which imposed a requirement for a hearing before a judge. Here “the House” refers to _.A.the House of RepresentativesB.the White HouseC.the House of CommonsD.the House of Lords16.The luckiest date when American people choose to get married is _.A.May 1B.October 10C. July 7D.September 117.Which of the following is not true of the wedding practice in the American society?A.The bride has something borrowed from her friend.B.There is usually something blue on the brides wedding dress to symbolize fidelity.C.Everything should be brand new on a wedding ceremony in order for the couple to have a completely new life.D.Something new represents optimism and a good future.18.The Tories are the members of _.A.the British Conservative Party.B.the British Labour PartyC.the U.S. Democratic PartyD.the U.S. Republican Party(Whigs)19.The two major parties in the UK are the Conservative Party and _ Party.A.DemocraticB.RepublicanC.LaborD.Progressive20.Japans legislation body is known as _.A.CongressB.ParliamentC.DietD.Duma21.To help spread Japanese, the Japan Foundation, the nations rough equivalent to _ or Germanys _, invites 500 foreign teachers from more than 50 nations to Japan each year for all-expenses-paid training programs.A.the British FoundationGoethe InstituteB.the British FoundationGerman CouncilC.the British CouncilGoethe InstituteD.the Brinish CouncilGerman Institute22.Which of the following is true of the “国务院” in the U.S. and China?A.They are respectively translated as the State Council and the State Department.B.They are respectively translated as the State Department and the State Council.C.One is the counterpart of the other.D.There is no government agency translated as “国务院” in the U.S. federal government.23.“Japan Inc.” is a name referring to _.A.the corporate world of JapanB.a multinational corporation based in JapanC.Japans incapacity to maintain sustained growthD.Japans increasing ambition for world resources(If dividends -money that companies periodically dole out to shareholders out of their profits - are an indicator of India Incs health, then it appears things might be slowing down.)24._ is a term coined by Harvard professor Joseph S. Nye in 1990 to describe how countries get what they want through attraction rather than coercion.A.Military powerB.Economic powerC.Charm offensiveD.Soft power25. Americas China policies are described as “engagement”, “containment” or even “congagement”. They may be translated as _ respectively.A.“接触”, “遏制”, “遏制加接触”B.“遏制”, “接触”, “遏制加接触”C.“遏制加接触”, “遏制”, “接触”, D.“接触”, “遏制加接触”, “遏制”26.The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on _.A.World PeaceB.Economic DevelopmentC.Climate ChangeD.Financial Security27._ is an association of eight universities and colleges in the northeast United States, comprising Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale.A.SATB.NGOB.Electoral CollegeD.Ivy League28.How dare you endorse the candidate who has compromised on our gun rights and civil liberties just because he has an “R” behind his name? The underlined “R” refers to _.A.RightB.RepublicanC.RaceD.Registration29.While the focus has been on the Dow Jones and Wall Street, we are addressing the real pain felt by Mr. and Mrs. Jones on _.A.Main StreetB.Fleet StreetC.Central AvenueD.Highway30.A(n) _ degree typically requires a higher standard than a pass degree. In many areas of the world an additional year of study is required in order to be awarded with such a degree.A.honorB.honorsC.meritD.honorary 31.A state visit is paid by _.A.the head of stateB.the head of governmentC.the Foreign MinisterD.a high-ranking official32.Hippies appeared in the _ in the United States.A.1940sB.1960sC.1980sD.1950s(Counterculture movement in the 1960s: In the United States, the counterculture of the 1960s became identified with the rejection of conventional social norms of the 1950s. Counterculture youth rejected the cultural standards of their parents, especially with respect to racial segregation and initial widespread support for the Vietnam War)(Yuppie (short for young urban professional or young upwardly-mobile professional) is a 1980s and early 1990s term for financially secure, upper-middle class young people in their 20s and early 30s.)33.A _ law is one restricting activities or sales of goods on Sunday, to accommodate the Christian Sabbath. A.redB.greenC.blackD.blue(A blue law is one restricting activities or sales of goods on Sunday, to accommodate the Christian sabbath. The first blue law in the American colonies was enacted in Virginia in 1617. It required church attendance and authorized the militia to force colonists to attend church services.Other early blue laws prohibited work, travel, recreation, and activities such as cooking, shaving, cutting hair, wearing either lace or precious metals, sweeping, making beds, kissing, and engaging in sexual intercourse. The Puritans believed that a child was born on the same day of the week on which it was conceived. Therefore, the parents of children born on a Sunday were punished for violating the blue law nine months earlier.Although blue laws requiring Sunday church attendance disappeared in the nineteenth century because they violated citizen rights to religious freedoms, other blue laws have continued to exist into the modern era. In Texas, for example, blue laws prohibited selling house wares such as pots, pans, and washing machines on Sunday until 1985, and car dealerships in the state continue to operate under blue-law prohibitions. Many states still prohibit selling alcohol on Sunday, although its now the second busiest shopping day of the week.)34. The Vice President of the United States is also _.A. House SpeakerB.President of the SenateC.government speakerD.office manager of the Oval Office35.The permanent members of the Security Council are China, _, Russian Federation, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America.A.GermanyB.EgyptC.FranceD.Japan36._ are classes which give high-school students a chance to earn college credit.A.Advanced Placement programsB.Compulsory coursesC.Optional coursesD.Crash courses37.The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion developed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini and published in his 1912 paper Variability and Mutability. It is commonly used as a measure of inequality of _. It has, however, also found application in the study of inequalities in disciplines as diverse as health science, ecology, and chemistry.A.income or wealthB.social statusC.environmental healthD.social stability38.Engels law is an observation in economics stating that, with a given set of tastes and preferences, as income rises, the proportion of income spent on _ falls, even if actual expenditure on it rises. A.housingB.transportationC.foodD.clothing39.The Caucasian people refer to _.A.AsiansB.blacksC.whitesD.primitives 40.The agency responsible for foreign affairs in the States is called _.A.the State DepartmentB.the Foreign MinistryC.the White House D.the House of Lords41.The items related to Easter are _.A.pumpkins and turkeysB.turkeys and bunnies C.eggs and bunniesD.roses and pumpkins42.There are _ Senators and _ Representatives in the United States Congress.A.100435B.435100C.100100D.43543543.In most of the United Kingdom and in some Commonwealth countries, a _ school is a traditional independent school for secondary-age pupils funded by a combination of endowments, tuition fees and other non-governmental funding. It does not rely on taxpayer contributions, and is independent from both central and local government control. These schools, wherever located, often follow a British educational tradition. Originally, many were single-sex boarding schools, but many are now co-educational with both boarders and day-pupils. This usage is synonymous with preparatory school in the USA, although in British English preparatory school has a different meaning.A.privateB.stateC.publicD.personal(A grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the United Kingdom and some other English-speaking countries, originally schools teaching classical languages but more recently academically-oriented types of secondary school.)(Preparatory school or prep school may refer to a university-preparatory school, a school in North America that is a private secondary school, typically charging high fees, designed to prepare students aged 1418 for higher education at a university or college or a preparatory school in the UK that is a private school designed to prepare pupils under 13 for entry into the fee-required public schools that are the equivalent of the college/university prep schools in North America)44. The _ consists of the popularly elected representatives (electors) who formally elect the President and Vice President of the United States. Since 1964, there have been 538 electors in each presidential electionA.Selective CommitteeB.Elective BoardC.Election BodyD.Electoral College45.In the Commonwealth of Nations, a High Commissioner is the senior diplomat (ranking as _) in charge of the diplomatic mission of one Commonwealth government to another. In this usage, a Commonwealth nations High Commission is its embassy to another Commonwealth nation.A.a first secretaryB.an emissaryC.an attach D.an ambassador 46.The US interstate highway system makes long-distance travel by car fast and convenient. Interstate highways are clearly marked with numbers: _ numbers mark north and south routes and _ numbers mark east and west routes. Such toll roads as turnpikes, thruways and parkways are part of the interstate system. The speed limit on all highways is 55 miles per hour unless otherwise posted.A.oddevenB.evenoddC.positivenegativeD.Negative.positive47.As _ offices are typically given to the most senior executives, the term primarily refers to top management positions, such as the chief executive officer (CEO), chief financial officer (CFO), chief operating officer (COO), chief marketing officer (CMO), chief information officer (CIO), and the director of human resources.A.ovalB.highC.cornerD.top48.“Sir” is used as an honorific before_ of baronets and knights.A.the given name or the full nameB.the surname or the full nameC. the surnameD.the middle name 49.The stereotype of a professor is he or she is _.A.absent-mindedB.tough and unyieldingC.casual and informalD.with a dry sense of humor50.The stereotype of a politician in the United States is that he or she often _.A.cares about ordinary peoples welfareB.fails to keep his or her promiseC.is good at talkingD.is easy to approach51.The stereotype of a blonde is that she is _.A.talkativeB.attractiveC.stupidD.graceful52.In American colleges and universities, fraternities and sororities are named with _ letters.A.EnglishB.FrenchC. LatinD.Greek53.The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution grants _ to and protects the civil and political rights of all people born in the US.A.citizenshipB.human rightsC.freedom of speechD.freedom to be ones best54._ is a term describing power obtained from the use of military and/or economic coercion to influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies. As the name would suggest, this form of political power is often aggressive, and is most effective when imposed by one political body upon another of lesser military and/or economic power.A.Soft landingB.Hard powerC.White supremacyD.Soft power重要概念：State of the Union address国情咨文The State of the Union address is an annual address presented by the President of the United States to the United States Congress. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the president to outline his legislative agenda and national priorities to Congress. The report has occurred in January (except for the occasion of a new presidents entrance into Office, whereupon he gives his first address in February) since 1934.Presidential system总统制 presidential government总统制政府A presidential system is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the name) separately from the legislature, to which it is not accountable and which cannot, in normal circumstances, dismiss it.Parliamentary system议会制A parliamentary system is a system of government wherein the ministers of the executive branch are drawn from the legislature, and are accountable to that body, such that the executive and legislative branches are intertwined. In such a system, the head of government is both de facto chief executive and chief legislator.Parliamentary systems are characterized by no clear-cut separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches, leading to a different set of checks and balances compared to those found in presidential systems. Parliamentary systems usually have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state, with the head of government being the prime minister or premier, and the head of state often being a figurehead, often either a president (elected either popularly or by the parliament) or a hereditary monarch (often in a constitutional monarchy).A Cabi