继教院英语综合教程期末阅读复习资料.doc

继教院英语综合教程期末阅读复习资料(2012.12)Passage 1The accessibility (易接近) of clean water is one of the most important components in the health of young children. In many areas, disease caused by dirty water is a major cause of poor health and death among young children. This is a particular problem in rural areas, where sources of water may not be reliable, and neither the quantity nor the quality of the water is adequate.In recent years, many programs to improve the quality of water supplies in rural areas have been implemented (贯彻). These have included educating people about health and encouraging greater community involvement. In addition, many countries have improved the organization of government health control and technical services at both the national and local levels. Health control includes the establishment of regulations as well as close supervision and enforcement（实施）. Technical services, on the other hand, comprise（包含）a wide range of activities. These include providing supplies such as pumps, water pipes, and well-drilling equipment in addition to the training of people to operate and maintain this equipment. Technicians also help to organize the people of the community to build water supply projects. While access to pure water continues to be a problem in many parts of the world, programs such as these have contributed greatly to the general improvement of health in rural areas.1. According to the passage, the main cause of poor health and death is _. A. dirty waterB. quantity of water C. disease caused by dirty waterD. sources of water2. It is stated in the passage that in remote areas, _. A. the quality of water is adequate B. the supply of water is adequate C. sources of water are adequate D. both the quantity and quality of water are not adequate3. According to the passage, the technical services include _. A. providing supplies such as pumps, water pipe and well-drilling equipment B. establishment of regulation C. training of people to operate and maintain this equipment D. both A and C4. In this passage, the word “supervision” (Line 5, Para 2) means _. A. expansionB. inspection C. sensationD. sanction5. The lack of pure water is _. A. still a problem in most parts of the worldB. a problem in some parts of the world C. no longer a problem in most parts of the worldD. not very seriousPassage 2One of the strongest reasons for the raising of the school leaving age (ROSLA) has been that it will bring us nearer to the ideal of “equal opportunity”.Many people like to think of our present system of schooling as providing plenty of steps up the ladder of success for clever children. It would be good to think that no one who is really bright can be missed out when the state system is apparently so thorough. It is obvious, for instance, that many children from less rich homes reach university or do well in other ways.Unfortunately, we now have plenty of evidence that many children of every level of ability do much less well than they could. For instance, during the years of national military service it was possible to test the intelligence of all male 18-20 year olds. Half of those soldiers who were placed in the two highest ability groups had left schools at 15.It has also been shown that the percentage of working class children going to university is almost the same now as it was in 1930. One study of 5000 children from birth to 21 years old indicated that up to half the bright pupils from working class homes left school when they reached 16 years old. Moreover, there is no difference in intelligence between the sexes, but far more boys than girls stay in education after 16.It is clear from this and much other evidence that many children are still leaving school too early to benefit from the prizes money, social respectability, and interesting jobs, which higher education gives. It is clear too that the reasons why such children leave have much to do with their social circumstances. Their parents often need the extra money another wage-earner can bring in; they do not value education for itself because their own was probably dull and unhappy. It is not so much that they force their sons and daughters to leave school, rather that they tend to say, “Its up to you”.6. It is hoped that ROSLA will give all children _. A. a more enjoyable time at school B. the same chances in society C. the right to a better school D. higher scores in intelligence tests7. People would like to think that _. A. equal numbers of poor and rich children reach university B. those with the least money get the best education C. intelligent children are always chosen by the system D. only clever children do well8. Working class children are felt to be at a disadvantage because _. A. many of the clever ones leave school early B. fewer go to university than ever before C. more than half leave school when they are 16 D. fewer boys than girls stay at school after 169. Many children leave school early because _. A. their social circumstances make them unhappy B. they are forced to work early by their parents C. their parents schooling is a dull and unhappy experience D. their parents dont allow them to make their own decisions10. This passage shows that equal opportunity in education _. A. is a thing of the pastB. has greatly improved in our societyC. is there for those who merit itD. has not yet been achievedPassage 3Culture shock is the loss of emotional balance, disorientation, or confusion that a person feels when moving from a familiar environment to an unfamiliar one. When it is a common experience, the degree to which it occurs will vary from one person to another. Individual personality, previous cross-cultural experience, and language proficiency all affect a persons ability to interact socially in the new culture. The basic cause of culture shock is the abrupt loss of all that is familiar, leading to a sense of isolation.When an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of those familiar signs and hints are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or good-willed he may be, a series of properties have been knocked from under him. This may be followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort: “The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.”Another aspect of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance, and everything becomes irrationally glorified. All difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.Common symptoms of culture shock include the following extremes. These are excessive concerns over delays and other minor frustrations; fear of being cheated, robbed or injured; sleeplessness or a desire to sleep more; and a great longing to go home. Underlying all these is the uncomfortable feeling of not really belonging, of being an outsider.11. Culture shock is basically caused by _.A. difficulties in using the languageB. being unable to make friendsC. feeling desperately homesickD. being away from all that is familiar12. The degree of culture shock to which one feels varies _.A. from person to personB. from country to countryC. in accordance with a persons ageD. in accordance with ones nationality13. The first response a person tends to have when setting foot on a new land is _.A. feeling frustratedB. fearing to be cheatedC. having a sense of losing somethingD. having a sense of being abandoned14. A home-coming trip will _.A. draw you back to realityB. make you remember all the good thingsC. make you forget the troublesD. help you solve the problems15. Which is NOT a symptom of culture shock?A. Longing to go back home.B. Longing to travel.C. Having fear of being cheated.D. Feeling to be an outsider.Passage 4Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a rsum or curriculum vitae (CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one-or-two-page document describing ones educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a rsum are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of cross-border job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.Pay attention to the rsum format you use chronological or reverse-chronological order. Chronological order means listing your oldest work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.If you are submitting your rsum in English, find out if the recipient uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as tertiary education in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your rsum contains errors.16. Companies are hiring more foreign employees because _.A. they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at homeB. they find foreign employees are usually more talentedC. they need original ideas from employees hired overseasD. they want to expand their business beyond home borders17. The author believes that an individual who applies to work overseas _.A. is usually creative and full of initiativeB. aims to improve his foreign language skillsC. seeks either his own or his childrens developmentD. is dissatisfied with his own life at home18. When it comes to rsum writing, it is best to _.A. know the employers personal likes and dislikesB. follow appropriate guidelines for job huntingC. learn about the companys hiring processD. take cultural factors into consideration19. When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to _.A. provide a detailed description of their study and work experiencesB. give the title of the university degree they have earned at homeC. highlight their keen interest in pursuing a cross-border careerD. stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker20. According to the authors last piece of advice, the applicants should be aware of _.A. the recipients preference with regard to the formatB. the different educational systems in the US and the UKC. the differences between the varieties of EnglishD. the distinctive features of American and British culturesPassage 5In many countries in the process of industralization（工业化）, overcrowded cities present a major problem. Poor conditions in these cities, such as lack of housing, inadequate sanitation（卫生）and lack of employment, bring about an increase in poverty, disease and crime.The over-population of towns is mainly caused by the drift of large numbers of people from the rural areas. Theses people have become dissatisfied with the traditional life of farming, and have come to the towns hoping for better work and pay.One possible solution to the problem would be to impose registration（登记）on town residents. Only officially registered residents would be allowed to live in the towns and the urban population would thus be limited. In practice, however, registration would be very difficult to enforce（推行）; it would cause a great deal of resentment（不满）, which would ultimately lead to violence.The only long-term solution is to make life in the rural areas more attractive, which would encourage people to stay there. This could be achieved by providing encouragement for people to go and work in the villages. Facilities in the rural areas, such as transport, health and education services should be improved. Education should include training in improved methods of farming and other rural industries, so as to develop a more positive attitude towards rural life. The improvement of life in the villages is very important, because the towns themselves cannot be developed without the simultaneous（同时的）or previous development of the rural area.21. What does the word “urban” (Para. 3) mean?A. Of the city.B. Out of work.C. In a bad condition.D. Of enormous size.22. Large numbers of farmers have poured into towns because _.A. they can hardly support their families on farmsB. they are unhappy with their life in the countryC. the rural areas are too crowded with peopleD. they hope to have their own business23. In the authors view, solving the cities problem of overcrowding by strict registration is _.A. practicalB. possibleC. not realisticD. not sufficient24. According to the writer, the problem with crowded cities will be solved if _.A. traditional methods of farming are well keptB. conditions in rural areas are much improvedC. the government can provide more jobsD. violence could be controlled in cities25. Which factor is most important for people to be attracted to live in the country?A. Their expectations.B. Their interests.C. Their income.D. Their attitude.Passage 6Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, “The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.Few would argue with Fords statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.”The positive side of Henry Fords statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.The negative side of Henry Fords statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high creates feelings of insecurity for many.26. The United States is a typical country _.A. which encourages free trade at homes and abroadB. where peoples chief concern is how to make moneyC. where all businesses are managed scientificallyD. which normally works according to the federal budget27. The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that _.A. most newspapers are run by big businessesB. even public organizations concentrate on working for profitsC. Americans of all professions know how to do businessD. even arts and entertainment are regarded as business28. According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that _.A. they can start profitable businesses thereB. they can be more competitive in businessC. they will make a fortune overnight thereD. they will find better chances of employment29. Henry Fords statements can be taken negatively because _.A. working people are discouraged to fight for their rightsB. there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsC. there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and laborD. public services are not run by the federal government30. A companys efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in _.A. reduction in the number of