职称英语卫生类C级真题补充.docx

职称英语卫生类C级第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Boston used to be famous for its shipbuilding. A.rich B.poor C.bad D.well-known2.That guy always wears classic clothes. A.dark B.cheap C.dirty D.traditional3.I came across an old friend yesterday. A.met B.stopped C.visited D.phoned4.He burst into laughter, as though he had heard something funny. A.as if B.as well C.so that D.even if5.I shall be very pleased to answer any questions you may have. A.sad B.prepared C.happy D.determined6.Both sides have pledged that a nuclear war must never be fought. A.announced B.promised C.reported D.claimed7.Fats and sugar are rich in energy but poor in minerals. A.flat B.full C.empty D.low8.She wanted me to know that she still cared for me. A.worried B.loved C.believed D.relied9.She is a very prominent scholar in this area. A.dishonest B.outstanding C.friendly D.efficient10.The chairman proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting. A.suggested B.ordered C.demanded D.said11.I believe that her account of what happened is very accurate. A.simple B.precise C.unclear D.close12.He based his conclusion on the evidence given by the prisoner. A.offered B.checked C.made D.satisfied13.The union called off the strike at the last minute yesterday. A.cancelled B.staged C.lengthened D.organized14.I have earned a lot of money, but that is not the issue. A.goal B.task C.key D.point15.There has been a lot of debate among us about the necessity to save money. A.agreement B.advice C.discussion D.criticism第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye HealthEven people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline (基线) eye exams at age 40, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology(AAO) (美国眼科学会). The reminder (提示) is part of the AAOs EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February. “Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs,” Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux, a clinical correspondent for the AAO, said in a prepared statement. “Gradual changes in vision can affect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities.” Based on the findings from the initial screening, an eye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams. People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or are at high risk due to family history, diabetes (糖尿病) or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked, the AAO recommends. By 2020, 43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eye diseases, such as cataracts (白内障) and glaucoma (青光眼). Thats a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases. But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss. Only 23 percent of Americans are very concerned about losing their vision, while most feel weight gain and joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss, according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign.16.People with no signs of eye disease dont need any eye exams. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned17.Changes in vision cannot affect peoples lives. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned18.Theres a great shortage of eye doctors in the US. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned19.High blood pressure is one of the risk factors for eye disease. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned20.Older people are at higher risk for vision loss or blindness. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned21.Most Americans are worried about the risk of vision loss. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned22.Weight gain and joint or back pain are big worries in Europe. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Understanding Dyslexia1 Dyslexia（诵读困难）is a type of learning disability. A person with a learning disability has trouble processing words or numbers. There are several kinds of learning disabilities; dyslexia is the term used when people have difficulty learning to read, even though they are smart enough and want to learn. Dyslexia is not a disease. Its a condition that you are born with, and it often runs in families.2 Research has shown that dyslexia happens because of the way the brain processes information. Pictures of the brain, taken with modern imaging tools, have shown that when people with dyslexia read, they use different parts of the brain than people without dyslexia. These pictures also show that the brains of people with dyslexia dont work efficiently during reading. So thats why reading seems like such slow, hard work.3 If you have dyslexia, you might have trouble reading even simple words youve seen many times. You probably will read slowly and feel that you have to work extra hard when reading. You might mix up the letters in a word, for example, reading the word “now” as “won” or “left” as “felt”. Words may blend (混合) together and spaces are lost. You might have trouble remembering what youve read. You may remember more easily when the same information is read to you or heard on tape.4 Although dealing with dyslexia can be tough, help is available. Under federal law, someone diagnosed with a learning disability like dyslexia is entitled to extra help from the public school system. A child or teenager with dyslexia usually needs to work with a specially trained teacher, tutor, or reading specialist to learn how to read and spell better.23.Paragraph 1 24.Paragraph 2 25.Paragraph 3 26.Paragraph 4 A.What causes dyslexia?B.How common is dyslexia?C.What job can people with dyslexia do?D.What is dyslexia?E.How can we deal with dyslexia?F.What is it like to have dyslexia?27.Individuals with dyslexia find it hard to .28.When people with dyslexia read, their brains .29.It is not easy for people with dyslexia to remember .30.Students with dyslexia in public schools can get extra help in learning .A.what theyve readB.learn to readC.how to read and spell betterD.work inefficientlyE.why reading is so difficultF.work extra-hard第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 Most UK Adults Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of UK adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report from WHO. “I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the UK population,” lead author Dr. Earl Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in London, said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 22 to 70 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1990 to 1995. Overall, 82 percent of adults have a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell from 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect in risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion of them have a high immediate risk, Dr. Daniel Burman, from the Medical Center in Liverpool, noted in a related journal. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, he said.31.The percentage of most UK adults likely to develop heart disease in the next 10 years is . A.above 3% B.below 10%C.above 20% D.l0% to 20%32.The subjects who participated in the survey were all . A.teenagers B.under 20 C.mid-aged adults D.between 22 to 7033.Those more likely to develop heart disease are . A.aged men B.young men C.aged women D.white people34.The chance of UK adults to face an immediate threat of heart disease is . A.low B.high C.medium D.not mentioned35.The word “aggressive” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .A.additional B.defensiveC.practical D.forceful第二篇 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization estimates that about one third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis (结核). Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about 20% of new cases. And it might prevent about 25% of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between 2012 and 2030. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by 2012.The World Health Organization developed the DOTS program in 1990. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than 40 years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.36.The bacteria that cause TB . A.have led to the deaths of 8 million people B.remain inactive most times C.have encouraged the spread of AIDS D.infect about one third of people in the world37.TB patients who stop taking antibiotic drugs may develop . A.lung cancer B.diseases that lead to death C.an infection resistant to treatment D.infections that cannot be treated38.According to Joshua Salomon, a shorter treatment program would mean . A.more patients cured B.more infectious patients C.less control of TB D.reduction in drug-resistant TB forms39.Scientists found that a two-month treatment would lead to .A.a 20% reduction of TB deaths B.a 20% reduction of new TB cases C.a 25% increase in TB infections D.a 25% increase in TB treatment success rates40.An expansion of the DOTS program aims to . A.make sure TB patients take 10 pills each day B.finance the training of health workers C.study the side effects of the 4 most common drugs D.support the development of new TB drugs第三篇 Dangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes or because their mothers are under-nourishedmany people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty (地势极高的) La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,” says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitudes are deprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,” says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus (胚胎) starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary (冠状的) heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.41.What does the new study discover?A.Babies born to wealthy families are heavier. B.Newborns in cities are lighter than average. C.Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.D.Women living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies.42.Giussani and his team are sure that . A.people living in La Paz are poorer than those in Santa Cruz B.the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above averageC.babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than those in Santa CruzD.mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished43.It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4 that . A.he was very tiredB.the finding was unexpectedC.the study took longer than expected D.he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz44.The results of the study indicate the reason for the birth of underweight babies is .A.lack of certain nutrition B.poverty of their mothers C.reduction of oxygen levelsD.different family backgrounds45.It can be learned from the last paragraph that . A.underweight babies have a shorter life span B.high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their later life C.babies born to poor families lack certain hormones before birth D.newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies第5部分：补全短文(第4650题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。Change for a Better FutureMany readers have written to us about their reaction to the ban on plastic (塑料) bags, which began on the first day of this month. Nearly all said, despite the convenience of super-thin plastic bags, they are still willing to kick the habit because they realize the harm the bags cause to our environment. (46) And this years slogan for World Environment Day is “Kick the Habit! Towards a Low Carbon Economy!” While this theme focuses on climate change and reducing greenhouse gases emission (散发), the same spirit applies to Chinas effort to eliminate the use of highly-polluting plastic bags. (47) However, the ban on plastic bags is felt strongly among them precisely because of their lifestyle: Plastic bags come in handy (有用的) when the students pick up tea-leaf eggs or pancakes (煎饼) for breakfast while dashing to morning classes. (48)In addition, the readers suggested that the other habits, the ones many of us barely notice, may also contribute to the deterioration (恶化) of the environment: excessive use of tap water when rinsing (冲洗) washed clothes, leaving the lights on when nobodys in the dorm, throwing used batteries out with the ordinary trash (垃圾). (49)They called on others to follow suit. This position by college students is inspiring. (50)A.Lets give up smoking.B.If we can change the way we live now, it obviously will have a positive effect in the future.C.While these may seem unimportant and arent banned by law, our readers said they are willing to change these aspects of their daily lives.D.In fact, college students arent usually considered big polluters due to their relatively simple way of living.E.Even though the ban will inconvenience them, our readers expressed a willingness to change their habits in