英语单项知识的讲解与练习(77).docx

英语单项知识的讲解与练习（77）381. achieve的用法achieve达到、取得、完成。例句：Iveachievedonly half of what Id hoped to do.我希望做到的,我仅完成了一半。Work hard, and you willachieveyour goal.好好干,你就会达到自己的目标。You willachieveyour ambition if you work hard.如果你努力, 你的抱负是可以实现的。短语： achieve an aim/ones goal达到目标；achieve only half of what I hoped to do仅完成我所希望完成的一半；achieve success 获得成功;achieve by通过达到；achieve by negotiations通过谈判实现；achieve through通过达到；achieve popularity受到欢迎；achieve progress取得进步；achieve reputation获得名声；achieve nothing一无所成；achieve ones end达到目的；用法：achieve有暗示“成功所需付出的努力”的意思，所以achieving the age of 21 中表示到达21岁是不可用的，年龄增长不需付出努力。achieve常用作及物动词,基本意思是“取得”“获得”,如取得成就、成果或获得胜利、成功等; 也可以表示经长期努力而“实现”“达到”“完成”,如实现目标、愿望,达到目的,完成计划等。achieve多用于美好的事物,一经获得便永远受益且不易丧失,一般不与贬义词连用。achieve的主语一般为人,宾语多为抽象名词或代词,不接动词不定式、动名词或从句。可用于被动结构。achieve偶尔作宾补动词,接以“as n./adj. ”充当补足语的复合宾语。练习：At last, she _ her purpose.A. reached B. won C. gained D. achieved Liu Xiang _ his goal of becoming the world champion in 100-metre hurdles in the 28th Athens Olympic Games.A. achieved B. gained C. got D. reached Lucy has _ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university. A. acquired B. finished C. concluded D. achievedIt will be next to impossible to _ the hope for results. A. reach B. achieve C. arrive D. make382. adventure的用法adventure 冒险、奇遇。adventurous喜欢冒险的、充满危险的；adventurer 冒险者、投机分子；例句：No matter how hard he tried, he couldnt persuade his friends to give up theadventure.无论他怎么努力,都不能说服他的朋友们放弃冒险。Hes sailed the seven seas in search ofadventure.他闯荡七大洋去探险。The man ventures his life in space exploration.这个人冒着生命危险探索宇宙空间。No man wouldadventureit.无人会冒这个险。It is foolish to haphazardlyadventure.随便冒险是愚蠢的。短语：adventure an opinion大胆提出一个意见；military adventure军事冒险；in search of adventures(去)探险；meet with an adventure有冒险经历；set out on an adventure去冒险；用法：adventure可指“惊险的事或冒险的行为”,也可指“有刺激性的,非常激动人心的危险经历或工作”。adventure多用作抽象名词,常用单数形式; 如果用以指具体的事或行为,则可作可数名词。adventure作名词时，用单数或复数都可，作“冒险”讲时是U，作“冒险的经历、奇遇”讲时是C。如：He loves adventure(s).练习：If you want to have _, you must have proper equipment. A. a adventure B. an adventure C. a piece of adventure D. the adventureAll children listened to his _ with eager attention. A. adventure B. adventurous C. adventures D. adventurerThe situation is _ - we have no food, very little water and no medical supplies. A. desperate B. adventurous C. deserted D. variousHe is an _ young man.A. adventure B. adventurous C. adventures D. adventurer383. advise的用法advise忠告、劝告、建议。 短语： advise somebody of something 把某事通知某人；advise somebody on/ about something同某人商量某事；advise me a complete rest 劝告我完全休息；advise somebody to do something 建议某人做某事；advise somebody against doing/ not to do something = dont advise somebody to do something 建议某人不要做某事；I advised his starting at once. 建议他马上动身； advise that somebody (should) do something 建议某人做某事(虚拟语气)； We are to advise you that the matter is under consideration 此事正在讨论中，特此通知；用法：advise的基本意思是“劝告,提出建议”,在旧时和现今的美式英语中还表示“向某人请教,与某人商量”。advise在商业用语中可作“通知,报告”解,是正式用法。advise的搭配范围很广,生活中重要的和一般的事物均可使用。advise用作及物动词时,其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词,也可以是that从句。advise也可接双宾语,其直接宾语可由名词、带疑问词的动词不定式和that/wh-从句充当，如：advise me what to do next。advise还可接由动词不定式充当补足语的复合宾语。adviseagainst指“劝人不采用”，如：I advise against such a course of action.advise后可接动名词形式，但不可直接加不定式，如可说Headvises trying once more，但不可说Headvises to try once more；比较：advise 和persuade 都是“劝说”。 advise 表示劝说，但不一定说服。如：She advised her husband to give up smoking, but he didnt. 而persuade则表示劝说且有说服之意。如：She persuaded her husband to give up smoking.练习：The doctor often advised _ smoking. A. that the old man gave up B. that the old man to give up C. the old man to give up D. that the old man giving up I _ him to give up smoking, but he didnt listen. A. persuaded B. tried to advise C. tried to persuade D. suggested My sister advised Mary _ the invitation. A. could accept B. accepted C. accept D. must accept What do you think of the doctors advice that father _ up smoking from now on? A. gives B. give C. must give D. will give He is advised _. A. that he gave up smoking B. giving up smoking C. to give up smoking D. that he gives up smoking384. construct的用法construct建造、建设；例句：This factory wasconstructedby our company.这家工厂是由我们公司建设的。They are planning toconstructa new supermarket.他们正在计划建造一个新的超级市场。You must learn how toconstructa logical argument.你必须学会怎样确立合乎逻辑的论点。There is a contrast between lived reality and theconstructheld in the mind.现实生活与头脑所持概念之间有明显差别。短语：construct a new dam建造上座新坝；the story is skillfully constructed故事的构思相当巧妙；construct from design根据设计建造；construct on the same principle根据同样的原理建造；be constructed out of由建成；construct a sentence造句；用法：construct的基本意思是“修造”“建造”,指把建筑材料组合在一起建成某物。本词不强调花费的劳动,尤其不强调体力劳动,而强调动脑解决如何建造的问题,即构思过程。construct是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构。construct的宾语后接of或 out of，表示“由建成”，多用于被动结构中。如： The terminal was constructed of reinforced concrete.（这幢房子是用钢筋水泥建造的）；其宾语后接 from，表示“根据建造”。如： He constructed the story from memories of his childhood.练习：What these young men were doing _ a threat to the safety of the whole neighborhood. A.constructed B.contracted C.constituted D.contributedIf you need further information, please _ our office. A.constant B.construct C.contact D.containYour house is always so neathow do you it with three children? A.manage B.serve C.adapt D.constructThe house _ in 1808 still remained there. A. was built B. being set up C. to be constructed D. built385. contract的用法contract染上、确定、承包、（使）缩小；例句：The heatcontractedthe woollen garment.高温让羊毛衣缩小了。Wed like tocontractin on this project,if possible.如有可能，我们愿意签订合同参加这计划。They had set a term to thecontract.他们已给合同定了期限。Families sought favourable alliances, either by marriage orcontract.各个家庭通过婚姻或者婚约来建立有力的亲缘关系。短语：make/ enter into a contract with sb与某人订立契约；sign a contract签订契约；be built by contract（被）包工建筑；contract for订契约,承包,承建；contract for a house承包盖房屋；contract out of订约使自己不受的约束,退出合同；contract out of an agreement订明不受契约限制；contract to sb许配给某人；contract with与立约；contract with a factory for machines向某厂订购机器；by contract根据合同；law of contract合同法；parties to a contract契约的双方；under contract根据合同；用法：contract指“合同”时，不能与动词pay搭配，因合同不能支付人任何东西，只是承诺支付，可用assign与其搭配。contract作“订契约”解时,指双方为共同利益所吸引。用作及物动词时可接名词或动词不定式作宾语; 用作不及物动词接for可表示“承包”“录入”; 接in可表示“承诺加入”; 接with可表示“与订合约”。contract作“缩小”解时,指由于内部的力量,使物体的范围和结构收缩集中,多用作不及物动词,引申可表示缩写,这时常接介词to。也可用作及物动词接名词或代词作宾语。contract用作不及物动词时,可表示“订合同,订约”,后面常接介词with; 如：They contracted with that factory for ten cars. 与介词for连用表示原因或目的。后接out，表示“退出合同或协议等”。如： I dont want to be associated with your scheme（参与你们的计划）; Im contracting out.练习：His face _ with pain when badly hurt by the shopkeeper. A.contr