英语中不规则动词的过去式和过去分词.doc

不规则动词表 A-A-A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形） 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 2. A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形） beat beat beaten 打 3. A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形） come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑 overcome overcame overcome征服，打败，克服 4. A -B -B型 （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见 （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费 （3) pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说 (4) bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 fight fought fought 战斗 think thought thought 想 (5) sleep slept slept 睡 feel felt felt 觉得 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫 (6) stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白 (7) win won won 得胜 (8) catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 (9) find found found 发现 get got got 得到 hold held held 盛，握 leave left left 离开 make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见 shoot shot shot 射击 dig dug dug 挖 (10) shsmell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻 shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光 （11) tell told told 告诉 sell sold sold 卖 (12) sit sat sat 坐 have had had 有 5. A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同） （1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给 freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶 throw threw thrown 抛，扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 fly flew flown 飞 draw drew drawn 拉，绘画 show showed shown 展示 （2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。 speak spoke spoken 说话 break broke broken 破碎，折断 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 （3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。 begin began begun 开始 ring rang rung 按铃 sing sang sung 唱 sink sank sunk 沉 swim swam swum 游泳 drink drank drunk 饮 （4）其他不规则动词的变化。 be(am, is) was/ were been 是 be(are) were been 是 do did done 做 go went gone 去 lie lay lain 躺 wear wore worn 穿 不规则动词巧记法 对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。为方便同学们记忆，现将初中英语教学大纲中的69个不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。同学们还可将第二、三类分为若干组，以便准确记忆。 一、AAA型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）： cost cost cost cut cut cut let let let put put put read read read 二、ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）： bring brought brought build built built buy bought bought catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt felt find found found get got got have had had hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept learn learnt learnt leave left left lend lent lent make made made meet met met pay paid paid say said said sell sold sold send sent sent shine shone shone sit sat sat sleep slept slept smell smelt smelt spend spent spent stand stood stood teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought understand understood understood 三、ABC型（原形、过去式和过去分词各异）： be was were begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken do did done draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten gove gave given go went gone grow grew grown know knew known lie lay lain ride rode ridden ring rang rung see saw seen show showed shown sing sang sung speak spoke spoken swim swan swum take took taken throw threw thrown wake woke woken wear wore worn write wrote written 四、ABA型（原形与过去分词同形）： become became become come came come 五、AAB型（原形与过去式同形）： beat beat beaten （注：带号的词也可视为规则动词。） 不规则动词的词形变化 定义 动词由原形转变为过去式和过去分词时不按词尾加“-ed”之变化规则者叫做不规则动词（Irregular Verbs）。 现代英语新生成的动词都归入“-ed”的规则变化，例如： parkparked （停车1864） faxfaxed （以传真传送1979） e-maile-mailed （以电脑网络传送1982） （所附年次为最早用例出现年次O.E.D.） 因此，不规则动词可以说都是古英语动词的不规则变化因其常用度很高而一直沿用到今天者，所以我们今天在学习英语时绝对无法，也不可能规避这些不规则动词。 从英语的演变来看，不规则动词就是强势动词（Strong Verbs）即其词形变化全依其本身之语音（尤其是元音）变化来进行而不借助词尾的变化。例如： 原形： buy sing speak 过去式： bought sang spoke 过去分词： bought sung spoken 而每一型式的变化都有其类群，例如： buy bought bought （买） bring brought brought （带来） fight fought fought （作战） think thought thought （想） sing sang sung （唱） drink drank drunk （喝） swim swam swum （游泳） begin began begun （开始） speak spoke spoken （说） break broke broken （打破） steal stole stolen （偷） freeze froze frozen （冷冻） 因此我们学习不规则动词的时候，最有效的方法就是要针对这种词形变化的现象，了解其变化的型式，发出声音背念，使其能自然地隔入我们的speaking和writing，这样才能说确实地把不规则动词学会了。 注：与强势动词相对，须借助“-ed”之词尾来进行词形变化的规则动词就叫做弱势动词（Weak Verbs）。 不规则动词的类别 每个学习英语的人都会在不同阶段或多或少碰到不规则动词所带来的麻烦，特别是在形态拼写方面。 不规则动词里是不是杂乱无序的动词呢？当然不是；实际上是乱中有序、有条不紊的。 首先，不规则动词是针对规则动词而言。 大家知道，规则动词（regular verbs）的过去式（the past form）和过去分词（the past participle）都一样的要加上“ -ed/-d”，如： a. Jason worked until five oclock（过去式） b. Have you worked late?（过去分词） a. Xiao Lin decided to go abroad（过去式） b. Has his wife decided to join him ?（过去分词） 不规则动词则不然；它们的过去式和过去分词并不一致，学习时要集中精神，加以辨别，才可避免错误。 语法学家根据动词“原形、过去式、过去分词”三形式上的变化，把不规则动词划分为下列类别： 一 三种形式都相同 第一类的包括下列这些常见动词： cut-cut-cut ; hurt-hurt-hurt ; put-put-put; shut-shut-shut; cost-cost-cost; burst-burst-burst; hit-hit-hit; cast-cast-cast; set-set-set; let-let-let。 例如： a. Dont go on blowing the balloon! It will burst. b. One of his car tyres had a nail and it burst. c. The dog has burst free and ran away. 二 其中两种形式相同 第二类可分为十一小类；下面是其中常见的四种： bind-bound-bound; find-found-found bring-brought-brought; think-thought-thought dig-dug-dug; strike-struck-struck bend-bent-bent; build-built-built 例如： a. You have to bend your head when you bow. b The mechanic bent the wire and broke it. c. Here come the woman bent down with age. 三 三种形式都不同 第三类可再分为八小类，如下： take-took-taken; shake-shook-shaken hide-hid-hidden; bite-bit-bitten tear-tore-torn; bear-bore-born/ borne choose-chose-chosen; speak-spoke-spoken know-knew-known; blow-blew-blown write-wrote-written; drive-drove-driven drink-drank-drunk; begin-began-begun show-showed-showed/shown; swell-swelled/swollen 例如： a. Can you write down your name? b. I wrote it there, didnt I? c. Have you written to John, who is now in New York? 上述例子证明不规则动词的确比规则动词麻烦得多。莫怪有人说，英语动词是所有词类中，最难应付的一种。这话很中肯，毫不夸张。幸好，不规则动词也有迹可寻；就让我们“步步追踪”吧！ 不规则变化动词的过去式： (第二册第七课)Q & A 集锦康轩版相关课程翰林版相关课程 除了 be 外，动词中，其过去式呈不规则变化者，从第一册到本课，计有： 原形动词-过去式 原形动词-过去式 do-did draw-drew drive-drove cut-cut come-came eat-ate fight-fought find-found get-got give-gave go-went have-had hide-hid make-made put-put read-read rd ring-rang run-run say-said see-saw shine-shone sing-sang speak-spoke swim-swam take-took tell-told write-wrote feel-felt hear-heard 这种不规则变化动词，因为是呈现不规则变化，故只能看到一个就记一个，无其他办法，但重要的是，要背得滚瓜烂熟。 比较特殊的是，have和has的过去式，均是had，但仍以have为其原形动词；do和does亦同，它们的过去式均为did，但仍以do为其原形动词。又read的过去式也是read，只是读法不同罢了。 须视句中意思，才能决定是否为过去时间者：有些时间，到底是属於现在，还是过去，或者是未来，须得看上下文来决定。 today（今天） this morning/afternoon/evening（今天早上/下午/晚上） 如： 我今天早上八点来的。（显然是指已发生过的事。）过去 我今天早上八点才会去。 （句中意思可见还没去。）未来 过去式一般动词的否定句、疑问句和简答句的形成： 在谈这个主题之前，先来复习第一册第四、七课和第一册第八课所学过的： 否定句： I have a dog. I dont have a dog. They have ten cards. They dont have ten cards. She loves cats. She doesnt love cats. (注意love的变化恢复为原形) 疑问句： I have a dog. Do you have a dog? They have ten cards. Do they have ten cards? She loves cats. Does she love cats? (注意love的变化恢复为原形) 想想看：do/does 的过去式为 did，而 did 和 do/does 一样，均为助动词，故其后的动词须注意什麼变化？（参考前述的例句） 所以若是像这样的过去式动词的否定句变化，就会如下列例句： 否定句： 1. Mary wrote her homework last Sunday. Mary didnt writeher homework last Sunday. 2. Mr. Wang drove his car to the park. Mr. Wang didnt drive his car to the park. 3. Tom made the wish last year. Tom didnt make the wish last year. 4. The students saw some dogs at school yesterday. The students didnt see some dogs at school yesterday. 想想看：在现在式中，助动词的使用有分人称，而分别使用 do/does；从以上的例句中，请问过去式助动词 did 的使用，是否也因人称的不同，而使用不同的过去式助动词？ 疑问句：在对照现在式中使用 do/does，及在过去式中使用 did 等助动词，形成否定句的用法，你是否可以将下列各过去式的句子，改为疑问句呢？ 5. Mary went to the park by bicycle. 6. Mr. Wang took the MRT to school. 7. Tom made the wish last year. 8. The students saw some dogs at school yesterday. 9. We got the umbrella this morning. 简答句：你做对了吗？其实过去式的否定句和疑问句的写法，比现在式要简单得多，因为它根本无须考虑到人称的问题。依此推想，则你是否可写出上述五句的 Yes/No 的简答句了呢？ 10.Yes,No, 11.Yes,No, 12.Yes,No, 13.Yes,No, 14.Yes,No, 在此要特别提出说明的是 do 的用法，因 do 有两个意义，当动词用时解释为做，另也可当作助动词使用，故在做句型变化时，常见有错误的现象： 4. He did his housework yesterday.（他昨天做了家事。） did 是动词。 5. Did he do his housework yesterday?（他昨天有做家事吗？） did 是助动词，原动词则因助动词 did 的关系，恢复为原形动词。 6. He didnt do his housework yesterday.（他昨天没有做家事。） didnt 是助动词 did 和 not 的缩写，原动词则因助动词 did 的关系，恢复为原形动词。 想想看：试将底下的句子翻译成英文。 1. 那些学生昨天并没有在学校游泳。 2. 上周四 Jack 教他的弟弟英语。 3. 今天下午 Coco 开车去台北吗？ 4. 我今天早餐喝牛乳。 5. Jimmy 没有在早上六点起床过初中英语不规则动词表：1.am/is/arewas/were-been 2.become-became-become 3.begin-began-begun 4.break-broke-broken 5.bring-brought-brought 6.buy-bought-bought 7.teach-taught-taught 8.think-thought-thought 9.catch-caught-caught 10.cut-cut-cut 11.build-built-built 12.choose-chose-chosen 13.come-came-come 14.cost-cost-cost 15.do-did-done 16.draw-drew-drawn 17.drink-drank-drunk 18.drive-drove-driven 19.eat-ate-eaten 20.fall-fell-fallen 21.feel-felt-felt 22.find-found-found 23.fly-flew-flown 24.forget-forgot-forgotten 25.get-got-got 26.give-gave-given 27.go-went-gone 28.grow-grew-grown 29.have/has-had-had 30.hear-heard-heard